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Civic Union (Russia)
The Civic Union (, ''Grazhdanskiy soyuz'', GS) was a political alliance in Russia. History Political bloc "Civic Union" Civic Union was established on 21 June 1992 at the Forum of public organisations "Civic Union" as the political bloc of centrist forces. The bloc consisted of All-Russian Union "Renewal" (VSO), Democratic Party of Russia (DPR), People's Party "Free Russia" (NPSR), youth organisations of DPR and NPSR, parliamentary faction Smena — New Politics, Russian Union of Youth (RSM, legal successor to All-Union Leninist Young Communist League) and several prominent public figures. At the Forum a policy document — "Area of Consent of the Civic Union" — was approved. Bloc's founders proposed "immediate and radical correction of social-economic policy" to rescue state-owned enterprises and to support the needs of the population, creation of "collegial body of the Commonwealth" to restore connections between former Soviet republics, "Commonwealth citizenship" and "u ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logo Of The Civic Union (Russia)
A logo (abbreviation of logotype; ) is a graphic mark, emblem, or symbol used to aid and promote public identification and recognition. It may be of an abstract or figurative design or include the text of the name it represents as in a wordmark. In the days of hot metal typesetting, a logotype was one word cast as a single piece of type (e.g. "The" in ATF Garamond), as opposed to a ligature, which is two or more letters joined, but not forming a word. By extension, the term was also used for a uniquely set and arranged typeface or colophon. At the level of mass communication and in common usage, a company's logo is today often synonymous with its trademark or brand.Wheeler, Alina. ''Designing Brand Identity'' © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (page 4) Etymology Douglas Harper's Online Etymology Dictionary states that the term 'logo' used in 1937 "probably a shortening of logogram". History Numerous inventions and techniques have contributed to the contemporary logo, includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smena — New Politics
Smena may refer to: * Smena (camera) * Smena Minsk a Belarusian football club. *FC Smena Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Russian football club * Smena (Slovak newspaper) was a Slovak language newspaper in 1995 taken over by SME * Smena (newspaper) a newspaper in Russia. * DYuSSh Smena-Zenit DYuSSh Smena-Zenit (russian: ДЮСШ "Смена-Зенит"), also known as FC Zenit academy or formerly DYuSSh Smena, is a Russian youth football academy based in Saint Petersburg. It is currently headed by Dutchman Henk van Stee. History T ... a soccer academy * Smena (football club) {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congress Of People's Deputies Of Russia
The Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian SFSR (russian: Съезд народных депутатов РСФСР) and since 1991 Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation (russian: Съезд народных депутатов Российской Федерации) was the supreme government institution in the Russian SFSR and in the Russian Federation from 16 May 1990 to 21 September 1993. Elected on 4 March 1990 for a period of five years, it was dissolved (without constitutional authority) by presidential decree during the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993 and ended ''de facto'' when the Russian White House was attacked on 4 October 1993. The Congress played an important role in some of the most important events in the history of Russia during this period, such as the declaration of independence of Russia from the USSR (June 1990), the rise of Boris Yeltsin, and economic reforms. Main functions The Congress had the power to pass laws by majority, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protectionism
Protectionism, sometimes referred to as trade protectionism, is the economic policy of restricting imports from other countries through methods such as tariffs on imported goods, import quotas, and a variety of other government regulations. Proponents argue that protectionist policies shield the producers, businesses, and workers of the Import substitution industrialization, import-competing sector in the country from foreign competitors. Opponents argue that protectionist policies reduce trade and adversely affect consumers in general (by raising the cost of imported goods) as well as the producers and workers in export sectors, both in the country implementing protectionist policies and in the countries protected against. Protectionism is advocated mainly by parties that hold Economic nationalism, economic nationalist or left-wing positions, while economically right-wing political parties generally support free trade. There is a consensus among economists that protectioni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Confederation
A confederation (also known as a confederacy or league) is a union of sovereign groups or states united for purposes of common action. Usually created by a treaty, confederations of states tend to be established for dealing with critical issues, such as defense, foreign relations, internal trade or currency, with the central government being required to provide support for all its members. Confederalism represents a main form of intergovernmentalism, which is defined as any form of interaction around states which takes place on the basis of sovereign independence or government. The nature of the relationship among the member states constituting a confederation varies considerably. Likewise, the relationship between the member states and the general government and the distribution of powers among them varies. Some looser confederations are similar to international organisations. Other confederations with stricter rules may resemble federal systems. Since the member states of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Divisions Of Russia
Russia is divided into several types and levels of subdivisions. Federal subjects Since 30 September 2022, the Russian Federation has consisted of eighty-nine federal subjects that are constituent members of the Federation.Constitution, Article 65 However, six of these federal subjects—the Republic of Crimea, the Donetsk People's Republic, the Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast, Kherson Oblast, the Luhansk People's Republic, Lugansk People's Republic, the federal cities of Russia, federal city of Sevastopol and the Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast, Zaporozhye Oblast—are internationally recognized as part of Ukraine. All federal subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation—two delegates each—in the Federation Council of Russia, Federation Council (upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia, Federal Assembly). They do, however, differ in the degree of autonomous area, autonomy they enjoy. De jure, there are 6&n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semi-presidential System
A semi-presidential republic, is a republic in which a president exists alongside a prime minister and a cabinet, with the latter two being responsible to the legislature of the state. It differs from a parliamentary republic in that it has a popularly elected head of state and from the presidential system in that the cabinet, although named by the president, is responsible to the legislature, which may force the cabinet to resign through a motion of no confidence. While the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) and Finland (from 1919 to 2000) exemplified early semi-presidential systems, the term "semi-presidential" was first introduced in 1959 in an article by journalist Hubert Beuve-Méry, and popularized by a 1978 work written by political scientist Maurice Duverger, both of whom intended to describe the French Fifth Republic (established in 1958). Definition Maurice Duverger's original definition of semi-presidentialism stated that the president had to be elected, possess signi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sovereignty And Equality
Sovereignty is the defining authority within individual consciousness, social construct, or territory. Sovereignty entails hierarchy within the state, as well as external autonomy for states. In any state, sovereignty is assigned to the person, body, or institution that has the ultimate authority over other people in order to establish a law or change an existing law. In political theory, sovereignty is a substantive term designating supreme legitimate authority over some polity. In international law, sovereignty is the exercise of power by a state. ''De jure'' sovereignty refers to the legal right to do so; ''de facto'' sovereignty refers to the factual ability to do so. This can become an issue of special concern upon the failure of the usual expectation that ''de jure'' and ''de facto'' sovereignty exist at the place and time of concern, and reside within the same organization. Etymology The term arises from the unattested Vulgar Latin's ''*superanus'', (itself derived form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Left Centre
The Left Centre ( hu, Balközép) was a political party in Hungary in the 1860s and 1870s led by Kálmán Tisza and Kálmán Ghyczy.Vincent E McHale (1983) ''Political parties of Europe'', Greenwood Press, p505 History The Left Centre finished second to the Deák Party in elections in 1865, 1869 and 1872. It was opposed to the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, and continued to demand an independent Hungarian army. Despite its rivalry with the Deák Party, the two merged in February 1875 to form the Liberal Party The Liberal Party is any of many political parties around the world. The meaning of ''liberal'' varies around the world, ranging from liberal conservatism on the right to social liberalism on the left. __TOC__ Active liberal parties This is a li .... A group of former Left Centre members broke away to reform the party in 1877, but it was not successful. References {{Hungarian political parties Defunct political parties in Hungary Political parties disestabl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Non-partisan Deputies
The Non-Partisan Deputies ( no, Tverrpolitisk folkevalgte, TVF), was a minor political party in Norway and the predecessor of the Coastal Party of Norway. The party emerged from the relatively small stratum of conservative EU critics during the 1994 Norwegian EU referendum who did not agree with the pro-EU politics of the Conservative Party. Harald B. Haram was party chairman until his death in 2002, when his son Harald Bernt Einar Haram replaced him. History Formally, the party was founded in 1973 as the Women's Free Deputies (''Kvinnenes Frie folkevalgte''). In this phase, the party was based in Eastern Norway. The minor party was in 1992 taken over by people from Møre, led by Harald B. Haram. For the 1993 election, the party had changed its name and ran as the eurosceptic Freedom Party against the EC-Union (''Frihetspartiet mot EF-unionen''). During the 1994 Norwegian EU referendum, the party was however simply known as the Freedom Party (''Frihetspartiet''). In 1997, the na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrei Vladimirovich Bogdanov
Andrey Vladimirovich Bogdanov (Russian language, Russian Андре́й Влади́мирович Богда́нов) (born January 31, 1970) is a Russian politician. He is the chairman of the Communist Party of Social Justice and a prominent Freemason, serving as Grand Master (Masonic), Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Russia since 2007.С. П. Карпачёв «Искусство вольных каменщиков», «ИПК Парето-Принт», 2015 год, 95 стр. As a candidate for the 2008 Russian presidential election, 2008 presidential election, he received 968,344 votes or 1.30% of the Russian electorate.Conor Sweeney"Presidential candidate Bogdanov denies Kremlin ties,"Reuters (Jan 30, 2008). Retrieved 10-12-2013. Political career Bogdanov began his political career in 1990, when he joined the Democratic Party of Russia. He ascended to the leadership of the party in 2005, after he was elected at the 19th party congress. Russian president Vladimir Putin d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republics Of The Soviet Union
The Republics of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or the Union Republics ( rus, Сою́зные Респу́блики, r=Soyúznye Respúbliki) were National delimitation in the Soviet Union, national-based administrative units of the Soviet Union, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). The Soviet Union was formed in 1922 by a Treaty on the Creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, treaty between the Soviet republics of Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussia, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Russia, Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, Transcaucasia, and Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Ukraine, by which they became its constituent republics. For most of its history, the USSR was a highly Centralisation, centralized state despite its nominal structure as a federation of republics; the decentralization reforms during the era of ''perestroika'' and ''glasnost'' conducted by Mikhail Gorbachev are cited as o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
