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Cité Frugès De Pessac
The ''Cité Frugès de Pessac'' ''(''the Frugès Estate of Pessac), or ''Les Quartiers Modernes Frugès'' (the modern Frugès quarters)'','' is a housing development located in Pessac, a suburb of Bordeaux, France. It was commissioned by the industrialist Henri Frugès in 1924 as worker housing and designed by architects Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret, who were responsible for the development's masterplan and individual buildings. It was intended as a testing ground for the ideas Le Corbusier had expressed in his 1922 manifesto ''Vers une Architecture'' and was his first attempt designing low-cost, mass-produced collective housing in his trademark aesthetic''.'' Drawings of some of the buildings were subsequently included in the second edition of the text. The ''Cité'' was planned to contain 135 housing units in four sections, but only two sections (consisting of 51 units) were realized due to financial difficulties. By the time they were completed, the houses were three to fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cité Frugès De Pessac
The ''Cité Frugès de Pessac'' ''(''the Frugès Estate of Pessac), or ''Les Quartiers Modernes Frugès'' (the modern Frugès quarters)'','' is a housing development located in Pessac, a suburb of Bordeaux, France. It was commissioned by the industrialist Henri Frugès in 1924 as worker housing and designed by architects Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret, who were responsible for the development's masterplan and individual buildings. It was intended as a testing ground for the ideas Le Corbusier had expressed in his 1922 manifesto ''Vers une Architecture'' and was his first attempt designing low-cost, mass-produced collective housing in his trademark aesthetic''.'' Drawings of some of the buildings were subsequently included in the second edition of the text. The ''Cité'' was planned to contain 135 housing units in four sections, but only two sections (consisting of 51 units) were realized due to financial difficulties. By the time they were completed, the houses were three to fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pessac
Pessac (; ) is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France. It is a member of the metropolis of Bordeaux, being the second-largest suburb of Bordeaux and located just southwest of it. Pessac is also home to Bordeaux Montaigne University and the Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux. Geography Pessac is located in the south of the Bordeaux metro area and is surrounded by Bordeaux, Talence, Gradignan, Canéjan, Cestas, Saint-Jean-d'Illac and Mérignac. The western part of the commune is part of the Landes de Bordeaux. History Early in World War II (June 22, 1940), the town was the scene of a quadruple execution on the firing range of Verthamon. Four communists militants, one of whom, Roger Rambaud, was not yet 17, were among the escapees from the military prison in Paris, were killed in the utmost secrecy by soldiers of the Third Republic. This case, classified "Secret Defense" for 70 years, has recently been revealed by the histor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Garden City Movement
The garden city movement was a 20th century urban planning movement promoting satellite communities surrounding the central city and separated with greenbelts. These Garden Cities would contain proportionate areas of residences, industry, and agriculture. Ebenezer Howard first posited the idea in 1898 as a way to capture the primary benefits of the countryside and the city while avoiding the disadvantages presented by both. In the early 20th century, Letchworth, Brentham Garden Suburb and Welwyn Garden City were built in or near London according to Howard's concept and many other garden cities inspired by his model have since been built all over the world. History Conception Inspired by the utopian novel ''Looking Backward'' and Henry George's work ''Progress and Poverty'', Howard published the book '': a Peaceful Path to Real Reform'' in 1898 (which was reissued in 1902 as ''Garden Cities of To-morrow''). His idealised garden city would house 32,000 people on a site of , pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Corbusier's Five Points Of Architecture
Le Corbusier's Five Points of Architecture is an architecture manifesto conceived by architect, Le Corbusier. It outlines five key principles of design that he considered to be the foundations of modern architectural discipline, which would be expressed though much of his designs. First published in the artistic magazine, ''L'Esprit Nouveau'' (trans. ''The New Spirit''); it then appeared in Le Corbusier’s seminal collection of essays, ''Vers une architecture'' (trans. ''Toward an Architecture'') in 1923. Five Points of Architecture Developed in the 1920s, Le Corbusier’s ‘Five Points of Modern Architecture’ (French: ''Cinq points de l'architecture moderne'') are a set of architectural ideologies and classifications that are rationalized across five core components: * Pilotis – a grid of slim reinforced concrete pylons that assume the structural weight of a building. They are the foundations for aesthetic agility, allowing for free ground floor circulation to prevent surfa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weissenhof Siedlung
The Weissenhof Estate (German: Weißenhofsiedlung) is a housing estate built for the 1927 Deutscher Werkbund exhibition in Stuttgart, Germany. It was an international showcase of modern architecture's aspiration to provide cheap, simple, efficient, and good-quality housing. Two buildings designed by Le Corbusier were designated a World Heritage Site in 2016 as part of The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement. The remainder of the Estate, and some adjacent streets and buildings, are a part of the Site's buffer zone. History and description The estate was built for the Deutscher Werkbund exhibition in 1927, and included twenty-one buildings comprising sixty dwellings, designed by seventeen European architects. The German architect Mies van der Rohe was in charge of the project on behalf of the city, and selected the architects, budgeted and coordinated their entries, prepared the site, and oversaw construction. Le Corbusier ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pruitt–Igoe
The Wendell O. Pruitt Homes and William Igoe Apartments, known together as Pruitt–Igoe (), were joint urban housing projects first occupied in 1954 in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. The complex consisted of 33 eleven-story high rises, designed in the modernist architectural style by Minoru Yamasaki. It was constructed with federal funds on the site of a former slum as part of the city's urban renewal program. The project was originally intended to be racially segregated; a Supreme Court ruling forced the project to be integrated on opening, but from the beginning it almost exclusively accommodated African Americans. When it opened, it was one of the largest public housing developments in the country. Although initially viewed as an improvement over the tenement housing in the slums, living conditions in Pruitt–Igoe began to deteriorate soon after completion, and by the mid 1960s it was plagued by poor maintenance, high crime, and low occupancy. Vandalism and juvenile d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ada Louise Huxtable
Ada Louise Huxtable (née Landman; March 14, 1921 – January 7, 2013) was an architecture critic and writer on architecture. Huxtable established architecture and urban design journalism in North America and raised the public's awareness of the urban environment. In 1970, she was awarded the first ever Pulitzer Prize for Criticism. In 1981, she was named a MacArthur Fellow. Architecture critic Paul Goldberger, also a Pulitzer Prize-winner (1984) for architectural criticism, said in 1996: "Before Ada Louise Huxtable, architecture was not a part of the public dialogue." "She was a great lover of cities, a great preservationist and the central planet around which every other critic revolved," said architect Robert A. M. Stern, dean of the Yale University School of Architecture. Early life Huxtable was born and died in New York City. She went to Hunter College in 1941 and after her graduation she studied architectural history at New York University 's Institute of Fine Arts. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid digital subscribers. It also is a producer of popular podcasts such as '' The Daily''. Founded in 1851 by Henry Jarvis Raymond and George Jones, it was initially published by Raymond, Jones & Company. The ''Times'' has won 132 Pulitzer Prizes, the most of any newspaper, and has long been regarded as a national " newspaper of record". For print it is ranked 18th in the world by circulation and 3rd in the U.S. The paper is owned by the New York Times Company, which is publicly traded. It has been governed by the Sulzberger family since 1896, through a dual-class share structure after its shares became publicly traded. A. G. Sulzberger, the paper's publisher and the company's chairman, is the fifth generation of the family to head the pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Post-occupancy Evaluation
Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) has its origins in Scotland and the United States and has been used in one form or another since the 1960s. Preiser and colleagues define POE as "the process of evaluating buildings in a systematic and rigorous manner after they have been built and occupied for some time". The unique aspect of Post Occupancy Evaluation is that it generates recommendations based on all stakeholder groups' experiences of subject buildings' effects on productivity and wellbeing. Purposes of POE Post Occupancy Evaluations is used to improve the ways that buildings are used to support productivity and wellbeing. Specifically it is used to: * Account for building quality * Inform planning and briefing (programming) for new buildings and alterations * Troubleshoot building/use problems (such as change management and new work styles) The British Council for Offices (BCO) summarises that a POE provides feedback of how successful the workplace is in supporting the occupyi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry-Russell Hitchcock
Henry-Russell Hitchcock (1903–1987) was an American architectural historian, and for many years a professor at Smith College and New York University. His writings helped to define the characteristics of modernist architecture. Early life Henry-Russell Hitchcock Jr. was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on June 3, 1903, the son of Dr. Henry Russell Hitchcock, a physician and graduate of the Harvard Medical School, class of 1890, and his wife, Alice Davis. The hyphenation of the son's given names was probably an affectation. He was educated at Middlesex School and Harvard University, receiving his A.B. in 1924 and his M.A. in 1927. Educator Hitchcock taught at a number of colleges and universities, but primarily at Smith College (where he was also Director of the Smith College Museum of Art from 1949 to 1955). In 1968 he moved to New York City and thereafter taught at the Institute of Fine Arts, New York University. He also taught at Wesleyan University, Massachusetts Institute ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Concrete Masonry Unit
A concrete masonry unit (CMU) is a standard-size rectangular block used in building construction. CMUs are some of the most versatile building products available because of the wide variety of appearances that can be achieved using them. Those that use cinders ( fly ash or bottom ash) as an aggregate material are called cinder blocks in the United States, breeze blocks (''breeze'' is a synonym of ''ash'') in the United Kingdom, and hollow blocks in the Philippines. In New Zealand and Canada they are known as concrete blocks (a name common in the United States also). In New Zealand, they are also called construction blocks. In Australia, they are known as Besser blocks or Besser bricks, because the Besser Company was a major supplier of machines that made concrete blocks. Clinker blocks use clinker as aggregate. In non-technical usage, the terms ''cinder block'' and ''breeze block'' are often generalized to cover all of these varieties. Composition Concrete blocks are ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pavillon De L'Esprit Nouveau
Pavillon de l'Esprit Nouveau was a model home constructed for the 1925 International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts in Paris, France. The building was designed by Swiss architects Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret. Building The Pavillon was conceived of as a modular dwelling that could be combined with others like it to form a larger block. The building measured and utilized an open plan. A lower floor held living spaces and a kitchen while a second floor held bedrooms and a bathroom. In designing the building, Le Corbusier and Jeanneret aesthetically and ideologically diverged from the Art Deco style which dominated the exhibition. The architects, viewing architecture as too removed from human needs, emphasized function and sought to drastically diminish decoration. In order to reduce the need for decorative furniture, Le Corbusier and Jeanneret included a myriad of built-in-furniture including cabinets and shelves. The pavilion also included several cubi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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