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Citrobacter
''Citrobacter'' is a genus of Gram-negative coliform bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae. The species ''C. amalonaticus'', ''C. koseri'', and ''C. freundii'' can use citrate as a sole carbon source. ''Citrobacter'' species are differentiated by their ability to convert tryptophan to indole (''C. koseri'' is the only citrobacter to be commonly indole-positive), ferment lactose (''C. koseri'' is a lactose fermentor), and use malonate. ''Citrobacter'' shows the ability to accumulate uranium by building phosphate complexes. Clinical significance These bacteria can be found almost everywhere in soil, water, wastewater, etc. They can also be found in the human intestine. They are rarely the source of illnesses, except for infections of the GI Tract, urinary tract and infant meningitis and sepsis. ''Citrobacter freundii'' strains have inducible ''ampC'' genes encoding resistance to ampicillin and first-generation cephalosporins. In addition, isolates of ''Citrobacter'' may be r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citrobacter Sedlakii
Citrobacter sedlakii is a species of Gram-negative bacteria. It has been described as causing human disease, but is generally found as a non-pathogenic organism in human stools. History ''Citrobacter sedlakii'' was originally isolated from human stool and wounds as strains of ''Citrobacter freundii''. However, in 1993 six strains of ''C. freundii'' were identified as a separate species based on DNA hybridization, and were named ''C. sedlakii'' to honor Czech microbiologist Jiri Sedlak. Description ''Citrobacter sedlakii'' is a rod-shaped gram-negative bacterium. It can be distinguished from other ''Citrobacter'' species by its ability to produce indole, arginine dihydrolase activity, and ornithine decarboxylase activity. Role in disease ''Citrobacter sedlakii'' was originally isolated from human stool and wounds and was suggested to be pathogenic in humans. While some reports have described ''C. sedlakii'' as causing illness in humans, it is frequently found in stool and is n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citrobacter Farmeri
''Citrobacter farmeri'' is a Gram-negative species of bacteria Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among .... References Further reading * * * * External links *LPSN farmeri Bacteria described in 1993 {{Enterobacterales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citrobacter Freundii
''Citrobacter freundii'' is a species of facultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae which currently consists of 13 recognized species. These bacteria have a rod shape with a typical length of 1–5 μm. Most ''C. freundii'' cells have several flagella used for locomotion, although some non-motile taxa do not. ''C. freundii'' is a soil-dwelling microorganism, but can also be found in water, sewage, food, and the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. The genus Citrobacter was discovered in 1932 by Werkman and Gillen. Cultures of ''C. freundii'' were isolated and identified in the same year from soil extracts. Cell morphology and features Exopolysaccharides from ''C. freundii'' target the hydroxyl radical, demonstrating antioxidant activity. These antioxidant properties are related to many different physical and chemical properties. ''C. freundii'' can also have a positive impact when it comes to the treatment of some cancers; specifically, it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citrobacter Braakii
''Citrobacter braakii'' is a Gram-negative species of bacteria. It has been reported to cause sepsis in an immunocompromised Immunodeficiency, also known as immunocompromisation, is a state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious diseases and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. Most cases are acquired ("secondary") due to extrinsic factors that a ... person. References Further reading * * * External links *LPSN braakii Bacteria described in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citrobacter Werkmanii
Citrobacter werkmanii is a Gram-negative species of bacteria Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among .... References Further reading * * * External links *LPSN werkmanii Bacteria described in 1993 {{Enterobacterales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citrobacter Koseri
''Citrobacter koseri'' is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming bacillus. It is a facultative anaerobe capable of aerobic respiration. It is motile via peritrichous flagella. It is a member of the family of Enterobacteriaceae. The members of this family are the part of the normal flora of human and animal digestive tracts. ''C. koseri'' may act as an opportunistic pathogen in a variety of human infections. Brain abscesses have a high rate of mortality and complications, therefore, neonates usually left with severe residual permanent damage. The transmission of'' C. koseri'' could be vertical from mother to fetus (local vaginal infection, rupture of the membranes, chorioamniotis may occur between the seventh and 11th day prior to delivery) and other sources can be horizontal nosocomial transmission by asymptomatic nursery staff. Signs and symptoms The neonates become very sick and present sepsis, meningitis, and cerebritis, seizures, apnea, and a bulging fontanelle. No evidence o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citrobacter Youngae
Citrobacter youngae is a Gram-negative species of bacteria Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among .... References Further reading * * * External links *LPSN youngae Bacteria described in 1993 {{Enterobacterales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citrobacter Gillenii
''Citrobacter gillenii'' is a species of Gram-negative bacteria Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among .... References Further reading * * * External links *LPSN gillenii Bacteria described in 1999 {{Enterobacterales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citrobacter Murliniae
Citrobacter murliniae is a species of bacteria Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among .... References Further reading * * * * External links *LPSN murliniae Bacteria described in 1999 {{Enterobacterales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citrobacter Europaeus
{{Enterobacterales-stub ...
''Citrobacter europaeus'' is a bacterium from the genus of ''Citrobacter'' which has been isolated from human feces in Réunion in France. References External linksType strain of ''Citrobacter europaeus'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Bacteria described in 2017 europaeus This list of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names is intended to help those unfamiliar with classical languages to understand and remember the scientific names of organisms. The binomial nomenclature used for animals and plants i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citrobacter Pasteurii
''Citrobacter pasteurii'' is a bacterium from the genus ''Citrobacter'' which has been isolated from human feces in Kentucky in the United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie .... References Bacteria described in 2015 pasteurii {{Enterobacterales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citrobacter Rodentium
''Citrobacter rodentium'' is a Gram-negative species of bacteria Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among .... It infects the intestinal tracts of rodents, and infrequently is an opportunistic pathogen in humans. References Further reading * * * * External linksLPSN entry for ''Citrobacter rodentium'' rodentium [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |