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Científico
The ''Científicos'' (Spanish: "scientists" or "those scientifically oriented") were a circle of technocratic advisors to President of Mexico Porfirio Díaz. Steeped in the positivist "scientific politics", they functioned as part of his program of modernization at the start of the 20th century. Leading ''Científicos'' included: * Gabino Barreda (1820–1881), a precursor of the group. A physician and professor of medicine, Barreda studied in Paris under Auguste Comte between 1847 and 1851 and is widely credited with introducing positivism in Mexico. Put in charge of fulfilling the 1857 Constitution's promise of secular public education by the early Juárez government, Barreda organized the National Preparatory School, the first secular school of higher learning in Mexico, which opened in 1868 and became the training ground for many of the younger ''Científicos''. * Manuel Romero Rubio (1828–1895), Secretary of the Interior from 1884 to 1895 was founding member of the grou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porfirio Díaz
José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori ( or ; ; 15 September 1830 – 2 July 1915), known as Porfirio Díaz, was a Mexican general and politician who served seven terms as President of Mexico, a total of 31 years, from 28 November 1876 to 6 December 1876, 17 February 1877 to 1 December 1880 and from 1 December 1884 to 25 May 1911. The entire period from 1876 to 1911 is often referred to as Porfiriato and has been characterized as a ''de facto'' dictatorship. A veteran of the War of the Reform (1858–1860) and the French intervention in Mexico (1862–1867), Díaz rose to the rank of general, leading republican troops against the French-backed rule of Maximilian I. He subsequently revolted against presidents Benito Juárez and Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada on the principle of no re-election. Díaz succeeded in seizing power, ousting Lerdo in a coup in 1876, with the help of his political supporters, and was elected in 1877. In 1880, he stepped down and his political ally Manuel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Creel-Terrazas Family
The Creel-Terrazas Family is a powerful and wealthy Mexican political family based in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. History During the rule of President Porfirio Díaz and the Mexican Revolution, this family was part of the ''científico'' faction. The científicos were conservative civilian technocrats and advisors of President Díaz. The family was poised to succeed Díaz in power, but it was largely discredited because of the economic decline at the time before the outbreak of the Revolution. By the early 20th century, the family controlled 50 haciendas and ranches throughout the state with a total extension in excess of 7 million acres (28,000 km²). They owned 500,000 head of cattle, 225,000 sheep, 25,000 horses and 5,000 mules. Encinillas, north of the state capital of Chihuahua, was the largest hacienda occupying an area of 1,300,000 acres (5,300 km²). It employed some 2,000 peons. The wealth of the family is evident by simply examining the variou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexico
Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Mexico covers ,Mexico ''''. . making it the world's 13th-largest country by are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Yves Limantour
José Yves Limantour Marquet (; 26 December 1854 – 26 August 1935) was a Mexican financier who served as Secretary of the Finance of Mexico from 1893 until the fall of the Porfirio Díaz regime in 1911. Limantour established the gold standard in Mexico, suspending free coinage of silver, and mandating only government coins be used. He secured the national debt in 1899 with a consortium of foreign banks, and at the time of the outbreak of the Revolution, Mexico was on strong financial basis. Before the Mexican Revolution he was widely seen, along with General Bernardo Reyes, as one of the stronger candidates to succeed President Díaz. Early life José Limantour was born on 26 December 1854 in Mexico City, Mexico. His parents were Joseph Yves Limantour, a ship captain from Brittany, France, and Adela Marquet, born in Bourdeaux. The Limantour family grew wealthy through land speculation in Baja California and Mexico City when the Liberals seized church property, redistribu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chihuahua (state)
Chihuahua (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Chihuahua ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Chihuahua), is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, comprise the 32 federal entities of Mexico. It is located in northwestern Mexico, and is bordered by the states of Sonora to the west, Sinaloa to the southwest, Durango to the south, and Coahuila to the east. To the north and northeast, it shares an extensive border with the U.S. adjacent to the U.S. states of New Mexico and Texas. Its capital city is Chihuahua City; the largest city is Ciudad Juárez. Although Chihuahua is primarily identified with its namesake, the Chihuahuan Desert, it has more forests than any other state in Mexico, aside from Durango. Due to its variant climate, the state has a large variety of fauna and flora. The state is mostly characterized by rugged mountainous terrain and wide river valleys. The Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range, part of the continental spine that also inc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macedo Fernandez Sierra2
Macedo is a Portuguese language surname that may refer to: People * Amaro Macedo (1914–2014), Brazilian botanist *António de Macedo (1931–2017), Portuguese film director * António Macedo (painter) (born 1955), Portuguese painter * Carlos Macedo (born 1965), Portuguese actor *Diane Macedo (born 1982), American journalist * Donaldo Macedo (born 1950), American scholar *Edir Macedo (born 1945), Brazilian religious leader * Felipe Macedo (born 1994), Brazilian football player *Francisco Macedo (1596–1681), Portuguese theologian *Isabel Macedo (born 1975), Argentine actress * Jean Carlos Macedo da Silva (born 1980), Brazilian football player * Joílson Rodrigues Macedo (born 1979), Brazilian football player * John Macedo (born 1985), British dark ambient musician * José Macedo Vieira (born 1949), Portuguese politician *Leandro Macedo (born 1968), Brazilian athlete *Luis de Llano Macedo (born 1945), Mexican television producer * Macedo Novaes (born 1983), Brazilian football playe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francisco I
Francisco is the Spanish and Portuguese form of the masculine given name ''Franciscus''. Nicknames In Spanish, people with the name Francisco are sometimes nicknamed "Paco". San Francisco de Asís was known as ''Pater Comunitatis'' (father of the community) when he founded the Franciscan order, and "Paco" is a short form of ''Pater Comunitatis''. In areas of Spain where Basque is spoken, "Patxi" is the most common nickname; in the Catalan areas, "Cesc" (short for Francesc) is often used. In Spanish Latin America and in the Philippines, people with the name Francisco are frequently called "Pancho". " Kiko" is also used as a nickname, and "Chicho" is another possibility. In Portuguese, people named Francisco are commonly nicknamed " Chico" (''shíco''). This is also a less-common nickname for Francisco in Spanish. People with the given name * Pope Francis is rendered in the Spanish and Portuguese languages as Papa Francisco * Francisco Acebal (1866–1933), Spanish writer and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joaquín Casasús
Joaquín or Joaquin is a male given name, the Spanish version of Joachim. Given name * Joaquín (footballer, born 1956), Spanish football midfielder * Joaquín (footballer, born 1981), Spanish football winger * Joaquín (footballer, born 1982), Spanish football forward * Joaquín Almunia, Spanish politician * Joaquín Andújar, professional baseball player in the Houston Astros organization * Joaquín Arias, professional baseball player in the San Francisco Giants organization * Joaquín Balaguer, President of the Dominican Republic * Joaquín Belgrano, Argentine patriot * Joaquín Benoit, professional baseball player for the San Diego Padres * Joaquin Castro, American politician from San Antonio, Texas * Joaquín Cortés, Spanish flamenco dancer * Joaquín De Luz, Spanish New York City Ballet principal dancer * Joaquin Domagoso, Filipino actor and model * Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán, Mexican drug lord * Joaquín Hernández, Mexican footballer * Joaquín "Jack" García, Cuban- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luis Terrazas
Luis Terrazas (20 July 1829 in Chihuahua, Mexico – 18 June 1923 in Chihuahua) was a Mexican politician, businessman, rancher, and soldier. Career Terrazas was a pivotal figure in the history of the state of Chihuahua from the middle of the 19th century through the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution. He was a leader of the Cientificos during the regime of Porfirio Diaz and was the founder of the influential Creel-Terrazas Family. First elected Governor of Chihuahua in 1858, Terrazas was a host, political ally, and confidant of President Benito Juárez during the French Intervention, when Juarez was living with his cabinet in exile in Chihuahua City from 1864 through 1866. He served as governor for various terms of office between 1858 and 1904. His ranches had once totalled more than seven million acres (28,000 km2). He acquired his properties in a number of ways; one significant advantage was that, as governor of the state, Terrazas was able to move armed forces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enrique Creel
Enrique Clay Creel Cuilty, sometimes known as Henry Clay Creel (30 August 1854 – 18 August 1931) was a Mexican businessman, politician and diplomat, member of the powerful Creel-Terrazas family of Chihuahua. He was a member of the Científicos, as well as founder and president of the Banco Central Mexicano, vice-president of Kansas City, Mexico and Orient Railway, as well as governor of Chihuahua on two occasions, ambassador of Mexico to the United States, and Minister of Foreign Affairs of President Porfirio Díaz in the last years of his regime. The foremost banker during the Porfirato (1876-1910) he is considered a symbol of the Porfirian regime. Biography Creel was the son of Reuben Creel, a veteran of the Mexican American War from Greensburg, Kentucky, and Abraham Lincoln's US Consul in Chihuahua. He was born in Ciudad Chihuahua and became son-in-law of Don Luis Terrazas by virtue of marriage to his daughter Angela (Reuben Creel and Luis Terrazas were marri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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