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Chthamalidae
The Chthamalidae are a family of chthamaloid barnacles, living entirely in intertidal/subtidal habitats, characterized by a primary shell wall of eight, six, or four plates, lacking imbricating plate whorls, and either membraneous or more rarely calcareous basis. They are not found below immediate subtidal habitats, and more likely are found in the highest tier of shallow-water barnacle fauna. They can be found in the most rigorous wave-washed locations, and some species are found in the surf zone above high tide mark, only receiving water from wave action at high tide. Definition and Discussion The shell wall consists of eight wall plates, which reduce to six, and four in some species. Plate reduction is accomplished by fusion of rostrolatera with adjacent laterals, or initially by suppression of carinolatus II, reducing plate number from eight to six. Unlike the superfamilies Coronuloidea and Balanoidea, the rostrum rarely fuses with rostrolatus. In soft parts, caud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rehderella
''Rehderella'' is an unusual and monotypic barnacle genus restricted to Easter Island and Pitcairn Island. ''Rehderella belyaevi'' is its only species. Two other barnacle species are found in the intertidal zone of these islands. '' Euraphia devaneyi'' is much larger, and possesses calcareous basis. '' Tesseropora'' sp. has four shell plates with a single row of pores in shell wall. Both ''Euraphia'' and ''Rehderella'' have six shell wall plates. ''Rehderella'' differs from both in its membraneous basis and fusion of opercular plates on each side. '' Nesochthamalus intertextus'' is the only other Pacific Ocean barnacle with fused opercular plates. ''Nesochthamalus'' possesses a partially calcareous saucer-shaped basis, and fused opercular plates which show no visible trace of former articulation. ''Rehderella'' shows a line at the former articulation. Diagnosis and discussion Shell wall of six plates with membraneous basis, and no basal infolding of shell wall. Sutures between ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nesochthamalus
The barnacle genus ''Nesochthamalus'' was erected by Foster & Newman, 1987, to include sole species ''Chthamalus intertextus'' originally named by Darwin in 1854. It is widespread on islands in Western Pacific Ocean, including Hawaii, and presents combinations of unusual features which make easily recognizable for field workers. These include dirty white shell exterior with deep purple colored interior, operculars colored purple. Opercular plates on each side calcify together in all but youngest individuals, and cannot be separated or easily distinguished from each other. This feature is shared only by '' Rehderella belyaevi'', but in latter species, scutum and tergum can be distinguished by raised ridge replacing old articular margin. Unique feature of ''Nesochthamalus'' is its basis. In young individuals, it is entirely membraneous, and with age, becomes secondarily calcareous progressively inwards, leaving only the center membraneous. As the basis calcifies, it rises off the sub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chthamalus
''Chthamalus'' (χθαμαλός, "flat" or "on the ground") is a genus of barnacles that is found along almost all non-boreal coasts of the northern hemisphere, as well as many regions in the southern hemisphere. These small barnacles have been studied in part because of the taxonomic confusion over a group of species that, by and large, are morphologically and ecologically quite similar. In recent years, molecular techniques have identified a number of cryptic species that have been subsequently confirmed by taxonomists using morphological measurements. Most recently the genus has been shown to be paraphyletic, with the genus ''Microeuraphia'' nested within ''Chthamalus''. Field Identification Identification of barnacles in the field can be challenging, and identification of particular species of ''Chthamalus'' is not considered reliable in the field other than a few species. However, a notable distinction in the arrangement of wall plates can help biologists distinguish Chth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Notochthamalus
''Notochthamalus scabrosus'', the only species in the genus ''Notochthamalus'', is a species of barnacle found along the south-western and south-eastern coasts of South America, from Peru to the Falkland Islands. The species is found almost exclusively higher in the intertidal zone than the mussel ''Perumytilus'', often codistributed with the confamilial barnacle '' Jehlius cirratus'' and '' Balanus flosculus''. Diagnosis and discussion ''Notochthamalus'' is composed of 6 compartmental plates, composed of a carina, rostrum, and paired carinolatera and rostrolatera. Sutures between plates made up of poorly developed oblique folded laminae with membraneous basis. Plates are colored dull purplish brown, weathering to gray. Free-growing shellis are conic, crowded colonies become cylindrical, with plate sutures obscured. Opercular plates are narrow and deeply interlocked. The interior of the tergum shows a tergal depressor muscle pit with overhang and no crests, or only relics there ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euraphia
''Euraphia'' is a genus of star barnacles in the family Chthamalidae The Chthamalidae are a family of chthamaloid barnacles, living entirely in intertidal/subtidal habitats, characterized by a primary shell wall of eight, six, or four plates, lacking imbricating plate whorls, and either membraneous or more rare .... There are at least three described species in ''Euraphia''. Species These species belong to the genus ''Euraphia'': * '' Euraphia calcareobasis'' (Henry, 1957) * '' Euraphia devaneyi'' Foster & Newman, 1987 * '' Euraphia hembeli'' Conrad, 1837 References Barnacles {{crustacean-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Octomeris
''Octomeris'' is a genus of star barnacles in the family Chthamalidae The Chthamalidae are a family of chthamaloid barnacles, living entirely in intertidal/subtidal habitats, characterized by a primary shell wall of eight, six, or four plates, lacking imbricating plate whorls, and either membraneous or more rare .... There are at least three described species in ''Octomeris''. Species These species belong to the genus ''Octomeris'': * '' Octomeris angulosa'' (Sowerby, 1825) (eightshell barnacle) * '' Octomeris brunnea'' Darwin, 1854 * '' Octomeris intermedia'' Nilsson-Cantell, 1921 References External links * Barnacles {{crustacean-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chthamalus Proteus
''Chthamalus'' (χθαμαλός, "flat" or "on the ground") is a genus of barnacles that is found along almost all non-boreal coasts of the northern hemisphere, as well as many regions in the southern hemisphere. These small barnacles have been studied in part because of the taxonomic confusion over a group of species that, by and large, are morphologically and ecologically quite similar. In recent years, molecular techniques have identified a number of cryptic species that have been subsequently confirmed by taxonomists using morphological measurements. Most recently the genus has been shown to be paraphyletic, with the genus ''Microeuraphia'' nested within ''Chthamalus''. Field Identification Identification of barnacles in the field can be challenging, and identification of particular species of ''Chthamalus'' is not considered reliable in the field other than a few species. However, a notable distinction in the arrangement of wall plates can help biologists distinguish Chth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allozyme
Alloenzymes (or also called allozymes) are variant forms of an enzyme which differ structurally but not functionally from other allozymes coded for by different alleles at the same locus. These are opposed to isozymes, which are enzymes that perform the same function, but which are coded by genes located at different loci. Alloenzymes are common biological enzymes that exhibit high levels of functional evolutionary conservation throughout specific phyla and kingdoms. They are used by phylogeneticists as molecular markers to gauge evolutionary histories and relationships between different species. This can be done because allozymes do not have the same structure. They can be separated by capillary electrophoresis. However, some species are monomorphic for many of their allozymes which would make it difficult for phylogeneticists to assess the evolutionary histories of these species. In these instances, phylogeneticists would have to use another method to determine the evolutionary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamaesipho
''Chamaesipho'' is a genus of four-plated notochthamaline barnacles in the Pacific Ocean limited to Australian/New Zealand temperate waters. They are intertidal in preference, and tend to form crowded columnar colonies. They can be identified in the field by having a four-plated wall, an unfused rostrum, and narrow opercular plates. ''Elminius'', which also inhabits the same area, has four plates in its shell wall. However, in ''Elminius'', the rostrum and rostrolatera are fused completely, and the compound rostrum receives the alae of the adjacent carinolaterals. In ''Chamaesipho'', the unfused rostrum bears alae, and closely resembles the carina in appearance. Definition and Discussion The primary shell wall is four plated, reduced from six by fusion of rostrolatera and carinolatera during ontogeny. No sutural interfolding is observed. With age, all plate sutures become concrescent. The basis is membraneous. Opercular plates are deeply articulated, but do not fuse together. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Springer Science+Business Media
Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing. Originally founded in 1842 in Berlin, it expanded internationally in the 1960s, and through mergers in the 1990s and a sale to venture capitalists it fused with Wolters Kluwer and eventually became part of Springer Nature in 2015. Springer has major offices in Berlin, Heidelberg, Dordrecht, and New York City. History Julius Springer founded Springer-Verlag in Berlin in 1842 and his son Ferdinand Springer grew it from a small firm of 4 employees into Germany's then second largest academic publisher with 65 staff in 1872.Chronology ". Springer Science+Business Media. In 1964, Springer expanded its business internationally, o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |