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Choujiu
''Choujiu'' is a type of Chinese fermented alcoholic beverage brewed from glutinous rice. It is very thick and has a milky white color, which is sometimes compared to jade. Fermentation is carried out by a combination of the fungus ''Aspergillus oryzae'', which converts the rice starches into fermentable sugars, and yeast, which converts the sugars into alcohol. Varieties of lactic acid bacteria are also commonly present in the fermentation starter. The traditional Chinese name of the fermentation starter is ''qū''. ''Choujiu'' is an ancient variety of Chinese alcoholic beverage. It can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty, where it was praised by the poet Li Bai. In ancient times, ''choujiu'' was referred to as ''láolǐ'' ( 醪 醴) or ''yùjiāng'' ( 玉 浆). In the modern day, the city of Xi'an is known particularly for its ''choujiu''. '' Doburoku'' ( / ) is the Japanese equivalent of ''choujiu'', and in Korea ''gamju'' and ''makgeolli'' are similar. See also * Chines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Makgeolli
''Makgeolli'' ( ko, 막걸리, raw rice wine ), sometimes anglicized to makkoli (, ), is a Korean alcoholic beverage. The milky, off-white, and lightly sparkling rice wine has a slight viscosity that tastes slightly sweet, tangy, bitter, and astringent. Chalky sediment gives it a cloudy appearance. As a low proof drink of six to nine percent alcohol by volume, it is often considered a "communal beverage" rather than hard liquor. In Korea, ''makgeolli'' is often unpasteurized, and the wine continues to mature in the bottle. Because of the short shelf life of unpasteurized "draft" ''makgeolli'', many exported ''makgeolli'' undergo pasteurization, which deprives the beverage of complex enzymes and flavor compounds. Recently, various fruits such as strawberries and bananas are added to makgeolli to drink in new forms. Names The name ''makgeolli'' () is a compound, consisting of ''mak'' (; "roughly, recklessly, carelessly") and a deverbal noun derived from the verb stem ''georeu- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Alcoholic Drinks
There is a long history of alcoholic drinks in China. They include rice and grape wine, beer, whisky and various liquors including '' baijiu'', the most-consumed distilled spirit in the world. Name (''jiǔ'') is the Chinese character referring to any drink containing appreciable quantities of ethanol. Its Old Chinese pronunciation has been reconstructed as ''*tsuʔ'',Baxter, William & al. "Baxter-Sagart Old Chinese reconstruction"p. 151. 20 February 2011. Accessed 5 November 2013. at which point it was generally applied to drinks made from fermented millet. By the time of the first certain use of distillation during the Jin and Southern Song dynasties, the Middle Chinese pronunciation was ''tsjuw''. It is often translated in English as " wine", which misrepresents its current usage. In present-day Mandarin, ''jiǔ'' most commonly refers to pure alcohol, hard liquors, and strong rice wine, while wine and beer are distinguished as ''pútáojiǔ'' (, lit. "grape ''jiu'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Alcoholic Beverage
There is a long history of alcoholic drinks in China. They include rice and grape wine, beer, whisky and various liquors including ''baijiu'', the most-consumed distilled spirit in the world. Name (''jiǔ'') is the Chinese character referring to any drink containing appreciable quantities of ethanol. Its Old Chinese pronunciation has been reconstructed as ''*tsuʔ'',Baxter, William & al. "Baxter-Sagart Old Chinese reconstruction"p. 151. 20 February 2011. Accessed 5 November 2013. at which point it was generally applied to drinks made from fermented millet. By the time of the first certain use of distillation during the Jin and Southern Song dynasties, the Middle Chinese pronunciation was ''tsjuw''. It is often translated in English as "wine", which misrepresents its current usage. In present-day Mandarin, ''jiǔ'' most commonly refers to pure alcohol, hard liquors, and strong rice wine, while wine and beer are distinguished as ''pútáojiǔ'' (, lit. "grape ''jiu''") a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Makgeolli
''Makgeolli'' ( ko, 막걸리, raw rice wine ), sometimes anglicized to makkoli (, ), is a Korean alcoholic beverage. The milky, off-white, and lightly sparkling rice wine has a slight viscosity that tastes slightly sweet, tangy, bitter, and astringent. Chalky sediment gives it a cloudy appearance. As a low proof drink of six to nine percent alcohol by volume, it is often considered a "communal beverage" rather than hard liquor. In Korea, ''makgeolli'' is often unpasteurized, and the wine continues to mature in the bottle. Because of the short shelf life of unpasteurized "draft" ''makgeolli'', many exported ''makgeolli'' undergo pasteurization, which deprives the beverage of complex enzymes and flavor compounds. Recently, various fruits such as strawberries and bananas are added to makgeolli to drink in new forms. Names The name ''makgeolli'' () is a compound, consisting of ''mak'' (; "roughly, recklessly, carelessly") and a deverbal noun derived from the verb stem ''georeu- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Alcoholic Beverages
There is a long history of alcoholic drinks in China. They include rice and grape wine, beer, whisky and various liquors including ''baijiu'', the most-consumed distilled spirit in the world. Name (''jiǔ'') is the Chinese character referring to any drink containing appreciable quantities of ethanol. Its Old Chinese pronunciation has been reconstructed as ''*tsuʔ'',Baxter, William & al. "Baxter-Sagart Old Chinese reconstruction"p. 151. 20 February 2011. Accessed 5 November 2013. at which point it was generally applied to drinks made from fermented millet. By the time of the first certain use of distillation during the Jin and Southern Song dynasties, the Middle Chinese pronunciation was ''tsjuw''. It is often translated in English as "wine", which misrepresents its current usage. In present-day Mandarin, ''jiǔ'' most commonly refers to pure alcohol, hard liquors, and strong rice wine, while wine and beer are distinguished as ''pútáojiǔ'' (, lit. "grape ''jiu''") and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fermentation (food)
In food processing, fermentation is the conversion of carbohydrates to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms—yeasts or bacteria—under anaerobic (oxygen-free) conditions. Fermentation usually implies that the action of microorganisms is desired. The science of fermentation is known as zymology or zymurgy. The term "fermentation" sometimes refers specifically to the chemical conversion of sugars into ethanol, producing alcoholic drinks such as wine, beer, and cider. However, similar processes take place in the leavening of bread (CO2 produced by yeast activity), and in the preservation of sour foods with the production of lactic acid, such as in sauerkraut and yogurt. Other widely consumed fermented foods include vinegar, olives, and cheese. More localised foods prepared by fermentation may also be based on beans, grain, vegetables, fruit, honey, dairy products, and fish. History and prehistory Natural fermentation precedes human history. Since ancient ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zutho
''Zutho'' is a fermented drink, originating from the Indian state of Nagaland, obtained from rice. It is a drink of the Angami and Chakhesang Nagas and is commonly consumed by all Nagas in both urban and rural regions of Nagaland. It contains approximately 5%(v/v) of ethanol, and is known for its fruity odor, which is partly imparted by the acetyl esters in generous amounts. Traditionally zutho is prepared by allowing starch-rich solutions to broken down by enzymes into sugars that are fermented by yeast. Starch in rice has to be made into malt by sprouting, or digested by enzymes that Nagas learned to grow in a separate process on a plant. See also *'' Choujiu''–Chinese equivalent of Zutho *''Makgeolli ''Makgeolli'' ( ko, 막걸리, raw rice wine ), sometimes anglicized to makkoli (, ), is a Korean alcoholic beverage. The milky, off-white, and lightly sparkling rice wine has a slight viscosity that tastes slightly sweet, tangy, bitter, and ast ...''—Korean equivalent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rice Wine
Rice wine is an alcoholic beverage fermented and distilled from rice, traditionally consumed in East Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia. Rice wine is made by the fermentation of rice starch that has been converted to sugars. Microbes are the source of the enzymes that convert the starches to sugar.Huang, H. T. "Science and civilization in China. Volume 6. Biology and biological technology. Part V: fermentations and food science." (2000). Rice wine typically has an alcohol content of 18–25% ABV. Rice wines are used in East Asian, Southeast Asian and South Asian gastronomy at formal dinners and banquets and in cooking. List of rice wines See also * Beer * Rice wine cup * Japanese rice wine * Korean alcoholic beverages * Chinese alcoholic beverages References Further reading * Campbell-Platt, Geoffrey (2009)''Food Science and Technology'' John Wiley & Sons John Wiley & Sons, Inc., commonly known as Wiley (), is an American multinational publishing company foun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nigori
''Nigori'' or is a variety of sake, an alcoholic beverage produced from rice. Its name translates roughly to "cloudy" because of its appearance. It is about 12–17% alcohol by volume, averaging 15% with some as high as 20%. Description Sake is usually filtered to remove grain solids left behind after the fermentation process. ''Nigori'' sake is filtered using a broader mesh, resulting in the permeating of fine rice particles and a far cloudier drink. Unfiltered sake is known as ''doburoku'' (どぶろく, but also 濁酒) and was originally brewed across Japan by farming families. However, it was banned in the Meiji period, though it has since been revived as a local brewing tradition. The area around Mihara village in southern Shikoku is especially well known for its ''doburoku'' breweries. Commercial reintroduction Brewer Tokubee Masuda, of Kyoto-based Tsukino Katsura brewery, which began in 1675, looked to bring back hundred-year-old recipes and traditional productio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gamju
''Dansul'' () or ''gamju'' (), translated as sweet wine, is a milky (or cloudy) rice wine made with rice, glutinous rice, and ''nuruk'' (fermentation starter). Due to the incomplete fermentation of the rice, the wine has relatively low alcohol content (2‒3% ABV) and sweet and slightly tangy notes. Preparation Steamed rice and/or glutinous rice is mixed with ''nuruk'' (fermentation starter), lightly pounded, and heated in water until the temperature reaches . It is left to ferment for several hours at , and sieved before served. See also *''Jiuniang'' – Chinese equivalent of ''Dansul'' *''Amazake is a traditional sweet, low-alcohol or non-alcoholic Japanese drink made from fermented rice. ''Amazake'' dates from the Kofun period, and it is mentioned in the Nihon Shoki. It is part of the family of traditional Japanese foods made usin ...'' – Japanese equivalent of ''Dansul'' References Korean alcoholic drinks Rice wine {{Korea-cuisine-st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amazake
is a traditional sweet, low-alcohol or non-alcoholic Japanese drink made from fermented rice. ''Amazake'' dates from the Kofun period, and it is mentioned in the Nihon Shoki. It is part of the family of traditional Japanese foods made using the koji mold , which also includes miso, soy sauce, and sake. There are several recipes for ''amazake'' that have been used for hundreds of years. By a popular recipe, ''kōji'' is added to cooled whole grain rice causing enzymes to break down the carbohydrates into simpler unrefined sugars. As the mixture incubates, sweetness develops naturally. By another recipe, sake kasu is mixed with water and sugar is added. ''Amazake'' can be used as a dessert, snack, natural sweetening agent, baby food, salad dressing or smoothie. One traditional ''amazake'' drink, prepared by combining ''amazake'' and water, heated to a simmer, and often topped with a pinch of finely grated ginger, was popular with street vendors, and it is still served at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gamju
''Dansul'' () or ''gamju'' (), translated as sweet wine, is a milky (or cloudy) rice wine made with rice, glutinous rice, and ''nuruk'' (fermentation starter). Due to the incomplete fermentation of the rice, the wine has relatively low alcohol content (2‒3% ABV) and sweet and slightly tangy notes. Preparation Steamed rice and/or glutinous rice is mixed with ''nuruk'' (fermentation starter), lightly pounded, and heated in water until the temperature reaches . It is left to ferment for several hours at , and sieved before served. See also *''Jiuniang'' – Chinese equivalent of ''Dansul'' *''Amazake is a traditional sweet, low-alcohol or non-alcoholic Japanese drink made from fermented rice. ''Amazake'' dates from the Kofun period, and it is mentioned in the Nihon Shoki. It is part of the family of traditional Japanese foods made usin ...'' – Japanese equivalent of ''Dansul'' References Korean alcoholic drinks Rice wine {{Korea-cuisine-st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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