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Chorasmian Expedition
The Chorasmian Archaeological-Ethnographic Expedition of the Academy of Sciences (also known as Choresmian Expedition, Khorezmian Expedition) of the USSR explored a large area of Central Asia, where between 1937 and 1991, its members found and recorded almost 1,000 archaeological sites. It was the biggest and longest-lasting of all archaeological expeditions of the Soviet Union. History of the Chorasmian Expedition (1937–1991) The expedition was founded in 1937 by Sergey Tolstov, initially with the intention of doing ethnographic studies in Central Asia. Tolstov switched to archaeology when his initial work in the Kyzylkum and Karakum deserts revealed extensive ruins and finds. He spent the rest of his life exploring the archaeology of Chorasmia (Khorezm, Khwarazm), the region southeast of the Aral Sea and between the rivers Amu-Darya and Syr-Darya which today is part of the post-Soviet republics of Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan. For his expedition, he collected a tea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sergey Tolstov
Sergey Pavlovich Tolstov (russian: Сергей Павлович Толстов; 7 February 1907 – 28 December 1976) was a Russian and Soviet archaeologist and ethnographer. Tolstov was the organizer and the first director (between 1937 and 1969) of the Chorasmian Expedition credited with discovery and investigation of archeological monuments of Khwarezm. He is also the author of the book Old Khwarezm, the seminal work in the field. In 1953, Tolstov was elected the corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. Tolstov was born in Saint Petersburg, his father was a military officer. In 1930, he graduated from Moscow State University M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU; russian: Московский государственный университет имени М. В. Ломоносова) is a public research university in Moscow, Russia and the most prestigious ..., where he studied at two faculties simultaneously: Physics and mathematics, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethnography
Ethnography (from Greek ''ethnos'' "folk, people, nation" and ''grapho'' "I write") is a branch of anthropology and the systematic study of individual cultures. Ethnography explores cultural phenomena from the point of view of the subject of the study. Ethnography is also a type of social research that involves examining the behavior of the participants in a given social situation and understanding the group members' own interpretation of such behavior. Ethnography in simple terms is a type of qualitative research where a person puts themselves in a specific community or organization in attempt to learn about their cultures from a first person point-of-view. As a form of inquiry, ethnography relies heavily on participant observation—on the researcher participating in the setting or with the people being studied, at least in some marginal role, and seeking to document, in detail, patterns of social interaction and the perspectives of participants, and to understand these i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chorasmia
Khwarazm (; Old Persian: ''Hwârazmiya''; fa, خوارزم, ''Xwârazm'' or ''Xârazm'') or Chorasmia () is a large oasis region on the Amu Darya river delta in western Central Asia, bordered on the north by the (former) Aral Sea, on the east by the Kyzylkum Desert, on the south by the Karakum Desert, and on the west by the Ustyurt Plateau. It was the center of the Iranian Khwarezmian civilization, and a series of kingdoms such as the Afrighid dynasty and the Anushtegin dynasty, whose capitals were (among others) Kath, Gurganj (now Konye-Urgench) and – from the 16th century on – Khiva. Today Khwarazm belongs partly to Uzbekistan and partly to Turkmenistan. Names and etymology Names Khwarazm has been known also as ''Chorasmia'', ''Khaurism'', ''Khwarezm'', ''Khwarezmia'', ''Khwarizm'', ''Khwarazm'', ''Khorezm'', ''Khoresm'', ''Khorasam'', ''Kharazm'', ''Harezm'', ''Horezm'', and ''Chorezm''. In Avestan the name is '; in Old Persian 𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khorezm
Khwarazm (; Old Persian: ''Hwârazmiya''; fa, خوارزم, ''Xwârazm'' or ''Xârazm'') or Chorasmia () is a large oasis region on the Amu Darya river delta in western Central Asia, bordered on the north by the (former) Aral Sea, on the east by the Kyzylkum Desert, on the south by the Karakum Desert, and on the west by the Ustyurt Plateau. It was the center of the Iranian Khwarezmian civilization, and a series of kingdoms such as the Afrighid dynasty and the Anushtegin dynasty, whose capitals were (among others) Kath, Gurganj (now Konye-Urgench) and – from the 16th century on – Khiva. Today Khwarazm belongs partly to Uzbekistan and partly to Turkmenistan. Names and etymology Names Khwarazm has been known also as ''Chorasmia'', ''Khaurism'', ''Khwarezm'', ''Khwarezmia'', ''Khwarizm'', ''Khwarazm'', ''Khorezm'', ''Khoresm'', ''Khorasam'', ''Kharazm'', ''Harezm'', ''Horezm'', and ''Chorezm''. In Avestan the name is '; in Old Persian 𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khwarazm
Khwarazm (; Old Persian: ''Hwârazmiya''; fa, خوارزم, ''Xwârazm'' or ''Xârazm'') or Chorasmia () is a large oasis region on the Amu Darya river delta in western Central Asia, bordered on the north by the (former) Aral Sea, on the east by the Kyzylkum Desert, on the south by the Karakum Desert, and on the west by the Ustyurt Plateau. It was the center of the Iranian Khwarezmian civilization, and a series of kingdoms such as the Afrighid dynasty and the Anushtegin dynasty, whose capitals were (among others) Kath, Gurganj (now Konye-Urgench) and – from the 16th century on – Khiva. Today Khwarazm belongs partly to Uzbekistan and partly to Turkmenistan. Names and etymology Names Khwarazm has been known also as ''Chorasmia'', ''Khaurism'', ''Khwarezm'', ''Khwarezmia'', ''Khwarizm'', ''Khwarazm'', ''Khorezm'', ''Khoresm'', ''Khorasam'', ''Kharazm'', ''Harezm'', ''Horezm'', and ''Chorezm''. In Avestan the name is '; in Old Persian 𐎢𐎺𐎠𐎼𐏀𐎷𐎡𐏁 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chorasmian Expedition Surveying In 1950
The name Khwarazmian (also Khwarezmian, Khwarizmim, Khorezmian, Chorasmian, Carizmian, and others) may refer to: Places and peoples * Khwarazm, a large oasis region on the Amu Darya river delta in western Central Asia ** Khwarazmshah, the title of various rulers of Khwarazm from four different dynasties * Khwarazmian Empire, a Turko-Persian Sunni Muslim empire that ruled large parts of present-day Central Asia, Afghanistan, and Iran from about 1077 to 1231 ** Khwarazmian dynasty, its ruling dynasty of Khwarazmshahs ** Khwarazmian army between 1231 and 1246, which sacked Jerusalem in 1244 Languages and scripts * Khwarezmian language (6th–13th century), an extinct East Iranian language ** Chorasmian (script), script used in writing the (Iranian) Khwarazmian language ** Chorasmian (Unicode block), the Unicode block containing the script * Khorezmian language (Turkic) (13th–14th century), an extinct Turkic language See also * Al-Khwārizmī (other) Al-Khwarizmi or Muḥam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Numismatist
A numismatist is a specialist in numismatics ("of coins"; from Late Latin ''numismatis'', genitive of ''numisma''). Numismatists include collectors, specialist dealers, and scholars who use coins and other currency in object-based research. Although use of the term numismatics was first recorded in English in 1799, people had been collecting and studying coins long before this, all over the world. The first group chiefly derives pleasure from the simple ownership of monetary devices and studying these coins as private amateur scholars. In the classical field amateur collector studies have achieved quite remarkable progress in the field. Examples are Walter Breen, a well-known example of a noted numismatist who was not an avid collector, and King Farouk I of Egypt was an avid collector who had very little interest in numismatics. Harry Bass by comparison was a noted collector who was also a numismatist. The second group are the coin dealers. Often called professional numismatist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chorasmian Expedition Map Of Activities
The name Khwarazmian (also Khwarezmian, Khwarizmim, Khorezmian, Chorasmian, Carizmian, and others) may refer to: Places and peoples * Khwarazm, a large oasis region on the Amu Darya river delta in western Central Asia ** Khwarazmshah, the title of various rulers of Khwarazm from four different dynasties * Khwarazmian Empire, a Turko-Persian Sunni Muslim empire that ruled large parts of present-day Central Asia, Afghanistan, and Iran from about 1077 to 1231 ** Khwarazmian dynasty, its ruling dynasty of Khwarazmshahs ** Khwarazmian army between 1231 and 1246, which sacked Jerusalem in 1244 Languages and scripts * Khwarezmian language Khwārezmian (Khwarezmian: , ''zβ'k 'y xw'rzm''; also transliterated Khwarazmian, Chorasmian, Khorezmian) is an extinct East Iranian language closely related to Sogdian. The language was spoken in the area of Khwarezm (Chorasmia), centered i ... (6th–13th century), an extinct East Iranian language ** Chorasmian (script), script used in writing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koi Krylgan Kala
Koi Krylgan Kala ( Uzbek: ''Qoʻyqirilgan qalʼa''; Russian: ''Кой-Крылган-Кала'') is an archaeological site located outside the village of Taza-Kel'timinar in the Ellikqal'a District ( Uzbek: ''Ellikqalʼa tumani''; Russian: ''Элликкалинский район'') in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, an autonomous republic of Uzbekistan. In ancient times, it was sited along a canal in the Oxus delta region. There is some relationship between Koi Krylgan Kala and Toprak-Kala, 30 km to the northwest. It is a temple complex of the Chorasmian Dynasty, an Iranian people who ruled the area of Khwarezm. It was built in the 4th-3rd century BCE. The Apa-Saka tribe destroyed it c. 200 BCE, but later it was rebuilt into a settlement, which lasted until c. 400 CE. It was discovered in 1938 by Sergey Pavlovitch Tolstov, leader of the Chorasmian Archaeological-Ethnological Expedition. It contained a Mazdian fire temple and was decorated with frescos of wine cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dzhetyasar Culture
Dzhetyasar Culture (Jeti-Asar, Zhetiasar, from kaz. ''Seven (a lot of) fortresses'') - a group of settlements (possibly up to 100) from the end of the 1st millennium BC - 8th century AD, located in the northern part of the ancient Syrdarya and Kuandarya deltas, north of the so-called Protokuvandari (the system of dry river beds called Eskidaryalyk, ''Old Syrdaryas''). The majority of the settlements are located between 45 – 90 km south of the modern city of Baikonur and the village of Dzhusaly in the Kyzylorda region of Kazakhstan. An important caravan route from the Tien Shan Mountains to Itil in the Volga estuary passed through the Dzhetyasar settlement area. The most significant forts are Altynasar (17 hectares), Kuraylyasar, Karaasar, Bazarasar, Tompakasar, Zhalpakasar. The tells (mounds of settlement debris) rise two to ten meters above the surrounding plain. All settlements of the Dzhetyasar culture are located at the ancient river course, and they are well fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kunya-Urgench
Konye-Urgench ( tk, Köneürgenç / Көнеүргенч; fa, کهنه گرگانج, ''Kuhna Gurgānj'', literally "Old Gurgānj"), also known as Old Urgench or Urganj, is a city of about 30,000 inhabitants in north Turkmenistan, just south from its border with Uzbekistan. It is the site of the ancient town of Gurgānj, which contains the ruins of the capital of Khwarazm. Its inhabitants deserted the town in the early eighteenth century in order to develop a new settlement, and Konye-Urgench has remained undisturbed ever since. In 2005, the ruins of Old Urgench were inscribed on the UNESCO List of World Heritage Sites. Overview Located on the south side of the Amu Darya River, Old Ürgenç was situated on one of the most important medieval paths: the Silk Road, the crossroad of western and eastern civilisations. It is one of the most important archaeological sites in Turkmenistan, lying within a vast zone of protected landscape and containing a large number of well-preserv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chorasmian Expedition Plane Above Adamli-kala
The name Khwarazmian (also Khwarezmian, Khwarizmim, Khorezmian, Chorasmian, Carizmian, and others) may refer to: Places and peoples * Khwarazm, a large oasis region on the Amu Darya river delta in western Central Asia ** Khwarazmshah, the title of various rulers of Khwarazm from four different dynasties * Khwarazmian Empire, a Turko-Persian Sunni Muslim empire that ruled large parts of present-day Central Asia, Afghanistan, and Iran from about 1077 to 1231 ** Khwarazmian dynasty, its ruling dynasty of Khwarazmshahs ** Khwarazmian army between 1231 and 1246, which sacked Jerusalem in 1244 Languages and scripts * Khwarezmian language Khwārezmian (Khwarezmian: , ''zβ'k 'y xw'rzm''; also transliterated Khwarazmian, Chorasmian, Khorezmian) is an extinct East Iranian language closely related to Sogdian. The language was spoken in the area of Khwarezm (Chorasmia), centered i ... (6th–13th century), an extinct East Iranian language ** Chorasmian (script), script used in writing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
