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Chondrostean
Chondrostei is a group of non- neopterygian ray-finned fish, while the term originally referred to a paraphyletic group of all non-neopterygian ray-finned fish, it was redefined by Patterson in 1982 to be a clade comprising the Acipenseriformes (which includes sturgeon and paddlefish) and their extinct relatives. Taxa commonly suggested to represent relatives of the Acipenseriformes include the Triassic marine fish '' Birgeria'' and the Saurichthyiformes, but their the relationship with the Acipenseriformes has been strongly challenged on cladistical grounds. Coccolepididae, a group of small weakly ossified Jurassic and Cretaceous fish found in both marine and freshwater environments, have been suggested to be close relatives of the Acipenseriformes, however, this has never been subject to cladistical analysis. Classification *Acipenseriformes ** Acipenseridae — sturgeons ** Polyodontidae — paddlefishes **Chondrosteidae(†) ** Errolichthyidae(†) * Cheirolepidiformes(† ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ray Finned Fish
Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fishes, is a class of bony fish. They comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. The ray-finned fishes are so called because their fins are webs of skin supported by bony or horny spines (rays), as opposed to the fleshy, lobed fins that characterize the class Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish). These actinopterygian fin rays attach directly to the proximal or basal skeletal elements, the radials, which represent the link or connection between these fins and the internal skeleton (e.g., pelvic and pectoral girdles). By species count, actinopterygians dominate the vertebrates, and they constitute nearly 99% of the over 30,000 species of fish. They are ubiquitous throughout freshwater and marine environments from the deep sea to the highest mountain streams. Extant species can range in size from ''Paedocypris'', at , to the massive ocean sunfish, at , and the long-bodied oarfish, at . The vast majority of Actinopteryg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atlantic Sturgeon
The Atlantic sturgeon (''Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus'') is a member of the family Acipenseridae and along with other sturgeon it is sometimes considered a living fossil. The Atlantic sturgeon is one of two subspecies of '' A. oxyrinchus'', the other being the Gulf sturgeon (''A. o. desotoi''). The main range of the Atlantic sturgeon is in eastern North America, extending from New Brunswick, Canada, to the eastern coast of Florida, United States. A disjunct population occurs in the Baltic region of Europe (today only through a reintroduction project). The Atlantic sturgeon was in great abundance when the first European settlers came to North America, but has since declined due to overfishing, water pollution, and habitat impediments such as dams. It is considered threatened, endangered, and even locally extinct in many of its original habitats. The fish can reach 60 years of age, in length and over in weight. Physical appearance Rather than having true scales, the Atlant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guildayichthyiformes
Guildayichthyidae is a prehistoric family of marine fish from the Mississippian Bear Gulch Limestone of Montana. It is the only family in the order Guildayichthyiformes. Guildayichthyids possess an uncommon mixture of primitive and modern characteristics in their skull bones. Taxonomy This family consists of the following genera and species: * Genus '' Guildayichthys'' Lund, 2000 ** Species '' Guildayichthys carnegiei'' Lund, 2000 * Genus ''Discoserra'' Lund, 2000 ** Species ''Discoserra pectinodon ''Discoserra'' is a prehistoric Actinopterygii, ray-finned fish from the Mississippian (geology), Mississippian of Montana, a member of the Guildayichthyiformes, with a round body and a skull possessing primitive and modern traits. ''Discoserra' ...'' Lund, 2000 References Prehistoric fish of North America Prehistoric ray-finned fish families {{Paleo-rayfinned-fish-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chondrostei
Chondrostei is a group of non-neopterygian ray-finned fish, while the term originally referred to a paraphyletic group of all non-neopterygian ray-finned fish, it was redefined by Patterson in 1982 to be a clade comprising the Acipenseriformes (which includes sturgeon and paddlefish) and their extinct relatives. Taxa commonly suggested to represent relatives of the Acipenseriformes include the Triassic marine fish ''Birgeria'' and the Saurichthyiformes, but their the relationship with the Acipenseriformes has been strongly challenged on cladistical grounds. Coccolepididae, a group of small weakly ossified Jurassic and Cretaceous fish found in both marine and freshwater environments, have been suggested to be close relatives of the Acipenseriformes, however, this has never been subject to cladistical analysis. Classification *Acipenseriformes ** Acipenseridae — sturgeons **Polyodontidae — paddlefishes **Chondrosteidae(†) ** Errolichthyidae(†) *Cheirolepidiformes(†) * Coc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarrasiiformes
Tarasiiformes is an extinct order of prehistoric ray-finned fish. Taxonomy * Order †Tarrasiiformes sensu Lund & Poplin 2002 aplistiaref name="mikko"> ** Family †Tarrasiidae Traquair 1881 emend. Woodward 1891 *** Genus †'' Apholidotos'' Lund ex Frickinger 1991 nomen novum **** Species †'' Apholidotos ossna'' Lund ex Frickinger 1991 nomen novum *** Genus †'' Paratarrasius'' Lund & Melton 1982 **** Species †'' Paratarrasius hibbardi'' Lund & Melton 1982 *** Genus †'' Tarrasius'' Traquair 1881 **** Species †'' Tarrasius problematicus'' Traquair 1881 Timeline of genera ImageSize = width:1000px height:auto barincrement:15px PlotArea = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px Period = from:-416 till:-285 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:-416 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-416 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify Colors = #legends id:CAR value:claret id:ANK value:rgb(0.4,0.3, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ptycholepiformes
Ptycholepiformes are an extinct order of prehistoric ray-finned fish that existed during the Triassic period and the Early Jurassic epoch. The order includes the genera '' Acrorhabdus'', ''Ardoreosomus'', ''Boreosomus'', '' Chungkingichthys'', '' Ptycholepis'', and '' Yuchoulepis''. Although several families have been proposed, some studies place all these genera in the same family, Ptycholepididae. Ptycholepiformes had a widespread distribution during the Early Triassic, but were restricted to mainly Europe and North America afterwards. They are known from both marine and freshwater deposits. Appearance Typical features of ptycholepiforms are the fusiform body covered in rhombic ganoid scales, the anterior position of the dorsal fin. In most coeval ray-fins the dorsal fin has a more posterior position), usually situated opposite to the anal fin. Moreover, ptycholepiforms show a series of elongate, horizontal suborbital bones. The skull is usually relatively large. The scal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polypteridae
Bichirs and the reedfish comprise Polypteridae , a family of archaic ray-finned fishes and the only family in the order Polypteriformes .Helfman GS, Collette BB, Facey DE, Bowen BW. 2009. The Diversity of Fishes. West Sussex, UK: Blackwell Publishing. 720 p. All the species occur in freshwater habitats in tropical Africa and the Nile River system, mainly swampy, shallow floodplains and estuaries. Cladistia, polypterids and their fossil relatives, are considered the sister group to all other extant ray-finned fishes (Actinopteri).Dai Suzuki, Matthew C. Brandley, Masayoshi Tokita: ''CORRECTION: The mitochondrial phylogeny of an ancient lineage of ray-finned fishes (Polypteridae) with implications for the evolution of body elongation, pelvic fin loss, and craniofacial morphology in Osteichthyes.'' BMC Evolutionary Biology. Bd. 10, Art.-Nr. 209, 2010, They likely diverged from Actinopteri at least 330 million years ago. A closely related group, the Scanilepiformes, are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pholidopleuriformes
Pholidopleuriformes is an extinct order of ray-finned fish. Classification ** Family †Pholidopleuridae Abel 1919/Wade 1932 *** Genus †'' Gracilignathichthys'' Bürgin 1992 **** †'' Gracilignathichthys microlepis'' Bürgin 1992 *** Genus †'' Arctosomus'' Berg 1941 Neavichthys.html"_;"title="'Neavichthys">'Neavichthys''_Whitley_1951****_†''Arctosomus_sibiricus.html" ;"title="Neavichthys">'Neavichthys'' Whitley 1951">Neavichthys.html" ;"title="'Neavichthys">'Neavichthys'' Whitley 1951**** †''Arctosomus sibiricus">Neavichthys">'Neavichthys'' Whitley 1951">Neavichthys.html" ;"title="'Neavichthys">'Neavichthys'' Whitley 1951**** †''Arctosomus sibiricus'' Berg 1941 *** Genus †''Macroaethes'' Wade 1932 **** †''Macroaethes alta, M. alta'' Wade 1935 **** †''Macroaethes brookvalei, M. brookvalei'' Wade 1932 *** Genus †'' Pholidopleurus'' Bronn 1858 **** †'' Pholidopleurus ticinensis, P. ticinensis'' Bürgin 1992 **** †'' P. xiaowaensis'' Liu & Yin 2006 **** †'' P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perleidiformes
Perleidiformes are an extinct order of prehistoric ray-finned fish from the Triassic period Although numerous Triassic taxa have been referred to Perleidiformes, which ones should be included for it to form a monophyletic group is a matter of ongoing scientific debate. Classification ** Family † Cleithrolepididae Wade 1935 corrig. leithrolepidae Wade 1935; Hydropessidae Hutchinson 1973*** Genus †''Hydropessum'' Broom 1909 *** Genus †'' Cleithrolepidina'' Berg 1955 *** Genus †''Cleithrolepis'' Egerton 1864 *** Genus †''Dipteronotus'' Egerton 1864 ** Suborder †Cephaloxenoidei Lehman 1966 *** Family † Cephaloxenidae Brough 1939 **** Genus †''Cephaloxenus'' Brough 1939 ** Suborder †Perleidoidei *** Family †Platysiagidae Brough 1939 sensu Neuman & Mutter 2005 **** Genus †'' Caelatichthys'' Lombardo 2002 **** Genus †'' Helmolepis'' Stensiö 1932 **** Genus †'' Platysiagum'' Egerton 1872 *** Family † Polzbergiidae Griffin 1977 **** Genus †'' Luopingichth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palaeoniscidae
Palaeoniscidae is an extinct family of ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) ascribed to the order Palaeonisciformes. The family includes the genus '' Palaeoniscum'' and potentially other Palaeozoic and Mesozoic early actinopterygian genera. The name is derived from the Ancient Greek words παλαιός (''palaiós'', ancient) and ὀνίσκος (''oniskos'', 'cod-fish' or woodlouse). Historic background The family was first named "Palaeoniscini" by Charles Lucien Bonaparte in 1846, and "Palaeonisciden" by Carl Vogt in 1851. Later, the family name was standardized to Palaeoniscidae. The authorship of the family Palaeoniscidae is variably attributed to either Bonaparte or Vogt in the literature. Vogt ascribed the following genera to Palaeoniscidae: ''Palaeoniscum'', '' Platysomus'' (misspelled as ''Platysemius''), '' Amblypterus'', '' Eurynotus'', '' Pygopterus'', and '' Acrolepis''. With the exception of ''Palaeoniscum'', these genera were later placed in separate families ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birgeriidae
''Birgeria'' is a genus of carnivorous marine ray-finned fish from the Triassic period. ''Birgeria'' had a global distribution. Fossils were found in Madagascar, Spitsbergen, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Slovenia, China, Russia, Canada and Nevada, United States. The oldest fossils are from Griesbachian aged beds of the Wordie Creek Formation of East Greenland. The type species was first described as ''Saurichthys mougeoti''. Following a reinvestigation, Erik Stensiö concluded that this species cannot be ascribed to '' Saurichthys''. He thus erected a new genus, which he named after his colleague Birger Sjöström, who had joined him on an expedition to the Arctic island of Spitsbergen ( Svalbard) in 1915. Appearance The scale cover of ''Birgeria'' is reduced. Most of the body is devoid of scales. Scales are only developed on the upper lobe of the caudal fin and the hind portion of the caudal peduncle. The scales are small, rhombic and lack a ganoine layer. The heterocerc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
