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Chola Range
Dongkya or Dongkhya range, is a mountain range in the lower Himalayas that forms the eastern border of Sikkim, currently a state of India. Its northern tip extends to Dongkha La, and as it moves southwards, sometimes referred to as the Chola range, it is cut by Cho La, Yak La, Nathu La and Jelep La passes. Dongkya range and Chola range S. K. Samanta explains in the ''Indian Journal of Landscape Systems and Ecological Studies'', Political importance It was established as the border between Sikkim and Tibet's Chumbi Valley by the 1890 Convention of Calcutta reached between British India and Qing China. The Convention deemed the Dongkya Range to end at Mount Gipmochi at the southern end, which was defined as the trijunction between India, Tibet and Bhutan. However the Doklam plateau at the southern end gives rise to complications and the present day border dispute between Bhutan and China. Dongkya Range is politically important, however S. G. Burrard, H. H. Hayden and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mountain Range
A mountain range or hill range is a series of mountains or hills arranged in a line and connected by high ground. A mountain system or mountain belt is a group of mountain ranges with similarity in form, structure, and alignment that have arisen from the same cause, usually an orogeny. Mountain ranges are formed by a variety of geological processes, but most of the significant ones on Earth are the result of plate tectonics. Mountain ranges are also found on many planetary mass objects in the Solar System and are likely a feature of most terrestrial planets. Mountain ranges are usually segmented by highlands or mountain passes and valleys. Individual mountains within the same mountain range do not necessarily have the same geologic structure or petrology. They may be a mix of different orogenic expressions and terranes, for example thrust sheets, uplifted blocks, fold mountains, and volcanic landforms resulting in a variety of rock types. Major ranges Most geolo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trijunction
A tripoint, trijunction, triple point, or tri-border area is a geographical point at which the boundaries of three countries or subnational entities meet. There are 175 international tripoints as of 2020. Nearly half are situated in rivers, lakes or seas. On dry land, the exact tripoints may be indicated by markers or pillars, and occasionally by larger monuments. Usually, the more neighbours a country has, the more international tripoints that country has. China with 16 international tripoints and Russia with 11 to 14 lead the list of states by number of international tripoints. Other countries, like Brazil, India and Algeria, have several international tripoints. Argentina has four international tripoints. South Africa, Pakistan and Nigeria have three international tripoints while Bangladesh and Mexico have only one. Within Europe, landlocked Austria has nine tripoints, among them two with Switzerland and Liechtenstein. Island countries, such as Japan and Australia, have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Army Map Service
The Army Map Service (AMS) was the military cartographic agency of the United States Department of Defense from 1941 to 1968, subordinated to the United States Army Corps of Engineers. On September 1, 1968, the AMS was redesignated the U.S. Army Topographic Command (USATC) and continued as an independent organization until January 1, 1972, when it was merged into the new Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) and redesignated as the DMA Topographic Center (DMATC). On October 1, 1996, DMA was folded into the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA), which was redesignated as the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) in 2003. The major task of the Army Map Service was the compilation, publication and distribution of military topographic maps and related products required by the Armed Forces of the United States. The AMS was also involved in the preparation of extraterrestrial maps of satellite and planetary bodies; the preparation of national intelligence studies; the establishment o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Frederick Travers O'Connor
Lieutenant-Colonel Sir William Frederick Travers O'Connor (30 July 1870 – 14 December 1943) was an Irish diplomat and officer in the British and British Indian armies. He is remembered for his travels in Asia, cartography, study and publication of local cultures and language, his actions on the Younghusband expedition to Tibet, Royal Geographic Society council member, member of the Royal Automobile Club and for his work negotiating and signing the Nepal–Britain Treaty of 1923. Early life O'Connor was born in 1870, Longford, Ireland, son of land agent Matthew Weld O'Connor, and Harriet Georgina, daughter of Anthony O’Reilly, of Baltrasna, County Meath. He had a sister, Lina O'Connor, and two younger brothers Matthew O'Connor and Myles O'Connor. He was educated at Charterhouse School as a Junior Scholar, in Verites house, 1884-1887. Member of Charterhouse shooting team in 1885, and placing 7th, winning the House Shooting Cup in 1885. He passed through the Royal Militar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laurence Waddell
Lieutenant Colonel Laurence Austine Waddell, Order of the Bath, CB, Order of the Indian Empire, CIE, Linnean Society of London, F.L.S., Doctor of Laws, L.L.D, Master of Surgery, M.Ch., Indian Medical Service, I.M.S. Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, RAI, Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, F.R.A.S (29 May 1854 – 19 September 1938) was a Scotland, Scottish explorer, Professor of Tibetan, Professor of Chemistry and Pathology, Indian Army surgeon, collector in Tibet, and amateur archaeologist. Waddell also studied Sumerian language, Sumerian and Sanskrit; he made various translations of Seal (emblem), seals and other inscriptions. His reputation as an Assyriologist gained little to no academic recognition and his books on the history of civilization have caused controversy. Some of his book publications however were popular with the public, and he is regarded by some today to have been a real-life precursor of the fictional character Ind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pauhunri
Pauhunri is a mountain in the Eastern Himalayas. It is located on the border of Sikkim, India and Tibet and is situated about 75 km northeast of Kangchenjunga. It marks the origin of Teesta river. First ascent Pauhunri has an elevation of and was first climbed in 1911 by Scottish mountaineer, Alexander Mitchell Kellas, along with two Sherpas known only as "Sony" and "Tuny’s brother". Unknown at the time, it was revealed 80 years later that this climb made Pauhunri the highest climbed summit on Earth from 1911 to 1930. CaledonianMercury.com. Retrieved 2011-11-24. See also * |
Alexander Heron
Alexander Macmillan Heron, BSc DSc FGS FRGS, FRSE (31 July 1884 – 1971), was a Scottish geologist who became Director of the Geological Survey of India. He participated in the 1921 British Mount Everest reconnaissance expedition following which he produced a geological map of the Everest region of Tibet. Early life and professional career Alexander Heron was born in Duddingston, Edinburgh on 31 July 1884, son of William Heron, a coal agent for William Baird & Co of Garthsherrie, who later became a macer (court usher), and Joan Heron, née Macmillan. He graduated from University of Edinburgh in engineering in 1906 and in that year he joined the Geological Survey of India. In 1911, in South Stoneham, Hampshire, he married Margaret Kirsopp of Musselburgh and in 1915 they had a daughter, Marjorie Edgware Heron. Returning to study at the University of Edinburgh, he was granted his D.Sc. in 1919. He was elected fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1925 and, succeeding Sir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Hubert Hayden
Sir Henry Hubert Hayden (25 July 1869 – 28 August 1923) was a geologist who worked in the Geological Survey of India and a mountaineer. Hayden was born at Derry and studied at Hilton College in South Africa and then geology at Trinity College, Dublin. On 3 January 1895 he joined the Geological Survey of India (GSI). He studied stratigraphy in various parts of the Himalayas, especially the Spiti area, during the course of his work which included being a geologist in the Tirah Expeditionary Force, 1897–98 and with the Tibet Frontier Commission of 1903 along with Francis Younghusband. He also worked in Afghanistan from 1907–8. He served as Director of the GSI from 1910 to 1920 and was awarded C.I.E. in 1911 and knighted in the 1920 Birthday Honours. He published on the ''Geology of Spiti with parts of Bushahr and Rupshu'' (1904) and a ''Sketch of the Geography and Geology of the Himalaya Mountains'' with S.G. Burrard (1907). Hayden was one of the founders of the Indian Sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sidney Gerald Burrard
Sir Sidney Gerald Burrard, 7th Baronet, (12 August 1860 – 16 March 1943) was a British army officer who served as Surveyor General of India and played a major role in the Great Trigonometrical Survey's work in the Himalayas and identified the source of errors resulting from the displacement of the plumbline by the mountains. Early life Burrard was born on the Isle of Wight in a family of eminence, his father being Lieutenant-Colonel Sidney Burrard of the Grenadier Guards. Their home at The Mount had been built by his grandfather, The Reverend Sir George Burrard. He was educated at school in Lymington and then Uppingham School from 1873 where he showed his mathematical talents. In 1874 he moved to Wellington College where again he excelled at mathematics which led his father to decide that he was suited for the Royal Engineers. Career He received a commission in the Royal Engineers on 6 April 1879 and trained at the School of Military Engineering at Chatham. He sailed to Indi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bhutan–China Border
The Bhutan–China border is the international boundary between Bhutan and Tibet, China, running for through the Himalayas between the two tripoints with India. Description The border starts in the west at the western tripoint with India just north of Mount Gipmochi. It then proceeds overland to the north-east, across mountains such as Jomolhari (part of this stretch is disputed). The border turns east near Mount Masang Gang, though a large stretch of this section is also in dispute. Near the town of Singye Dzong it turns broadly south-eastwards, terminating at the eastern tripoint with India. The only land crossing between Bhutan and China is a secret road/trail connecting Tsento Gewog and Phari () known as Tremo La. History The Kingdom of Bhutan and the People's Republic of China do not maintain official diplomatic relations, and relations are historically tense. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doklam
Doklam (), called Donglang () by China, is an area in Bhutan with a high plateau and a valley, lying between China's Chumbi Valley to the north, Bhutan's Haa District, Ha District to the east and India's Sikkim state to the west. It has been depicted as part of Bhutan in the Bhutanese maps since 1961, but it is also claimed by China. The dispute has not been resolved despite several rounds of border negotiations between Bhutan and China. The area is of strategic importance to all three countries. In June 2017 a 2017 China–India border standoff, military standoff occurred between China and India, as China attempted to extend a road on the Doklam plateau southwards near the Doka La pass and Indian troops moved in to prevent further road construction. India claimed to have acted on behalf of Bhutan, with which it has a 'special relationship'. Bhutan has formally objected to China's road construction in the disputed area. Geography The ''Imperial Gazetteer of India'', rep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gipmochi
Gipmochi (Gyemo Chen or Gamochen, 'The Great Queen') is a mountain in the Lower Himalayan Range, Lower Himalayas in south central Asia. Rising to a height of , the mountain sits on the Bhutan–India border, border between the northern Indian state of Sikkim and Bhutan. China claims Gipmochi as the China–India–Bhutan tri-junction point. Bhutan and India, however, claim that the tri-junction is 6.5 km to the north, at Batang La. Geography Mount Gipmochi is a Himalayan peak rising to , on the southwestern shoulder of the Doklam plateau. The plateau is at the intersection between India, Bhutan and Tibet, and is formed by the joining of two ridges, Dongkya Range in the north and Zompelri ridge (or Jampheri ridge) in the south, via a Doka La pass in the middle. Technically Gipmochi is part of the Zompelri ridge, which is a curved semicircular formation on the southern side of the plateau. The Dongkya Range, on the northern side, forms the dividing line between Sikkim ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
