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Chiquitano
The Chiquitano or Chiquitos are an indigenous people of Bolivia, with a small number also living in Brazil. The Chiquitano primarily live in the Chiquitania tropical savanna of Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia, with a small number also living in Beni Department and in Mato Grosso, Brazil. In the 2012 census, self-identified Chiquitanos made up 1.45% of the total Bolivian population or 145,653 people, the largest number of any lowland ethnic group. A relatively small proportion of Bolivian Chiquitanos speak the Chiquitano language. Many reported to the census that they neither speak the language nor learned it as children. The Chiquitano ethnicity emerged among socially and linguistically diverse populations required to speak a common language by the Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos. Name The name Chiquitos means "little ones" in Spanish. This ethnonym is commonly said to have been chosen by the Spanish Conquistadores, when they found the small doors of the Indian huts in the region. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiquitano Language
Chiquitano (also ''Bésɨro'' or ''Tarapecosi'') is an indigenous language isolate spoken in the central region of Santa Cruz Department of eastern Bolivia and the state of Mato Grosso in Brazil. Classification Chiquitano is usually considered to be a language isolate. Joseph Greenberg linked it to the Macro-Jê languages in his proposal, but the results of his study have been later questioned due to methodological flaws. Kaufman (1994) suggests a relationship with the Bororoan languages. Adelaar (2008) classifies Chiquitano as a Macro-Jê language, while Nikulin (2020) suggests that Chiquitano is rather a sister of Macro-Jê.Nikulin, Andrey. 2020. Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo'. Doctoral dissertation, University of Brasília. Varieties Mason (1950) Mason (1950) lists: ;Chiquito *North (Chiquito) **Manasí (Manacica) **Penoki (Penokikia) **Pinyoca; Kusikia **Tao; Tabiica *Churapa Loukotka (1968) According to Čestmír Loukotka (1968), dialects were ''Tao (Yún ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiquito Language
Chiquitano (also ''Bésɨro'' or ''Tarapecosi'') is an indigenous language isolate spoken in the central region of Santa Cruz Department of eastern Bolivia and the state of Mato Grosso in Brazil. Classification Chiquitano is usually considered to be a language isolate. Joseph Greenberg linked it to the Macro-Jê languages in his proposal, but the results of his study have been later questioned due to methodological flaws. Kaufman (1994) suggests a relationship with the Bororoan languages. Adelaar (2008) classifies Chiquitano as a Macro-Jê language, while Nikulin (2020) suggests that Chiquitano is rather a sister of Macro-Jê.Nikulin, Andrey. 2020. Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo'. Doctoral dissertation, University of Brasília. Varieties Mason (1950) Mason (1950) lists: ;Chiquito *North (Chiquito) **Manasí (Manacica) **Penoki (Penokikia) **Pinyoca; Kusikia **Tao; Tabiica *Churapa Loukotka (1968) According to Čestmír Loukotka (1968), dialects were ''Tao (Y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jesuit Missions Of Chiquitos
The Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos are located in Santa Cruz department in eastern Bolivia. Six of these former missions (all now secular municipalities) collectively were designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1990. Distinguished by a unique fusion of European and Amerindian cultural influences, the missions were founded as reductions or ''reducciones de indios'' by Jesuits in the 17th and 18th centuries to convert local tribes to Christianity. The interior region bordering Spanish and Portuguese territories in South America was largely unexplored at the end of the 17th century. Dispatched by the Spanish Crown, Jesuits explored and founded eleven settlements in 76 years in the remote Chiquitania – then known as Chiquitos – on the frontier of Spanish America. They built churches (''templos'') in a unique and distinct style that combined elements of native and European architecture. The indigenous inhabitants of the missions were taught European music as a means of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chiquitania
Chiquitania ("Chiquitos" or "Gran Chiquitania") is a region of tropical savannas in the Santa Cruz Department in eastern Bolivia. Geography "Chiquitos" is the colonial name for what is now essentially five of the six provinces that make up the Chiquitania, a region in Bolivia's Santa Cruz department. "Chiquitos" refers to a region, not a tribe. Today, the Chiquitania lies within five provinces of Santa Cruz Department: Ángel Sandoval, Germán Busch, José Miguel de Velasco, Ñuflo de Chávez and Chiquitos province. Peoples One of the many tribes inhabiting Chiquitos were the Chiquitano, who still speak the Chiquitano language today. The name Chiquitos means "little ones" in Spanish. It was chosen by the Spanish conquistadores, when they found the small doors of the Indian huts in the region. Around 20 ethnic groups live in the Chiquitania. Languages Languages historically spoken in the Chiquitania included: *Chiquitano * Gorgotoqui (extinct) * Otuke (extinct) *Ayoreo * Guar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Juan De Taperas
San Juan de Taperas is a village in San José de Chiquitos Municipality in Chiquitos Province, Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia. The ruins of the mission of San Juan Bautista, one of the Jesuit Missions of the Chiquitos, lie near the village. Since only the ruins of a stone tower survive near the present village of San Juan de Taperas, San Juan Bautista is not one of the six Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. San Juan de Taperas has a population of 832 as of the 2012 census. History The Jesuit mission of San Juan Bautista was initially founded in 1699 by the Jesuit missionaries Juan Bautista Zea and Juan Patricio Fernández after the mission of San José had grown too big. San Juan Bautista mission was inhabited by the indigenous Subereca, Peta, and Piñoca tribes. The mission was closed in 1705 due to an epidemic. The reduction would have needed to be relocated, but the Indians refused; hence the mission was closed. In 1713, the mission reope ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Rafael De Velasco
San Rafael de Velasco or San Rafael is the seat of the San Rafael Municipality in the José Miguel de Velasco Province, Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia. It is part of the Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos. In 1990 it was declared a World Heritage Site. History In 1695, the mission of San José was founded by Jesuit missionaries Juan Bautista Zea and Francisco Hervás. The mission was relocated and rebuilt multiple times due to epidemics (in 1701 and again in 1705) and fires (in 1719). In 1750, the mission was rebuilt yet again. Languages The Tao (Yúnkarirsh) dialect of Chiquitano was spoken in San Rafael. Today, Camba Spanish, which has many words from Chiquitano, is spoken in San Rafael. See also * List of Jesuit sites This list includes past and present buildings, facilities and institutions associated with the Society of Jesus. In each country, sites are listed in chronological order of start of Jesuit association. Nearly all these sites have bee ... * List o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santiago De Chiquitos
Santiago de Chiquitos is a small town in Roboré Municipality in Chiquitos Province, Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia. The mission of Santiago de Chiquitos is one of the Jesuit Missions of the Chiquitos. The town is located 467 km east of the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra and 22 km from the town of Roboré. It has a population of 1,927 as of the 2012 census, and is located within the Tucavaca Valley Municipal Reserve. History In 1754, the Jesuit Mission of Santiago de Chiquitos was founded by Jesuit missionaries Gaspar Troncoso and Gaspar Campos. Languages Camba Spanish is the most commonly used everyday language. The Santiagueño dialect of Chiquitano is also spoken in the town.Nikulin, Andrey. 2020. Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo'. Doctoral dissertation, University of Brasília. Culture The annual fiesta takes place on July 25. The town maintains religious musical traditions. See also * List of Jesuit sites * List of the Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos The followin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San José De Chiquitos
San José de Chiquitos or simply San José is the capital of Chiquitos Province in the Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia. It is known as part of the ''Jesuit Missions of the Chiquitos'', which is declared in 1990 a World Heritage Site, as a former Jesuit Reduction. The ruins of the mission of San Juan Bautista, one of the Jesuit Missions of the Chiquitos, lie near the village of San Juan de Taperas in San José de Chiquitos Municipality. History In 1698, the mission of San José was founded by Jesuit missionaries Felipe Suárez and Fr. Dionisio Ávila. The mission hosted the Penoqui Indians. Languages Today, Camba Spanish is the most commonly used everyday language. In the past, the Penoqui dialect of Chiquitano was spoken at the mission of San José de Chiquitos. See also * List of Jesuit sites This list includes past and present buildings, facilities and institutions associated with the Society of Jesus. In each country, sites are listed in chronological orde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santa Cruz Department (Bolivia)
Santa Cruz () is the largest of the nine constituent departments of Bolivia, occupying about one-third (33.74%) of the country's territory. With an area of , it is slightly smaller than Japan or the US state of Montana. It is located in the eastern part of the country, sharing borders in the north and east with Brazil and with Paraguay in the south. In the 2012 census, it reported a population of 3,412,921, making it the most populated department. The capital is the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra. The department is one of the wealthiest departments in Bolivia, with huge reserves of natural gas. Besides, it has experienced the highest increase of economic growth during the last 50 years in Bolivia and South America. Government and administration According to the current Constitution, the highest authority in the department lies with the governor. The former figure of prefect was appointed by the President of the Republic till 2005, when the prefect for the first time was e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Ignacio De Velasco
San Ignacio de Velasco, is the capital of the José Miguel de Velasco Province and the San Ignacio de Velasco Municipality in the Santa Cruz Department of Bolivia. History The Jesuit mission of San Ignacio de Velasco was founded in 1748 by the Jesuit missionaries Diego Contreras and Michael Streicher (also known as Areijer). The mission was inhabited by indigenous Ugaraños (Ayoreo). It was partially settled by inhabitants of San Ignacio de Zamucos, another Jesuit mission which had been abandoned in 1745. People In 1996, the municipal government published the population as 12,600 persons. It is the largest city in Velasco, and the largest city between metropolitan Santa Cruz and the Brazilian border. Languages Camba Spanish is the most commonly used everyday language. The most common indigenous language in San Ignacio and surroundings is the Ignaciano dialect of Chiquitano. Geography San Ignacio is located in the south-central region of the province of Velasco. It is conn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Concepción, Santa Cruz
Concepción is a town in the lowlands of eastern Bolivia. It is known as part of the ''Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos'', declared in 1990 a World Heritage Site, as a former Jesuit Reduction. Location Concepción is the capital of Ñuflo de Chávez Province in the Santa Cruz Department and is located at an elevation of 500 m above sea level, circa 250 kilometers northeast of Santa Cruz de la Sierra, the department's capital. History Concepción was founded in 1699 by Jesuits Francisco Lucas Caballero and Francisco Hervás. It served as a mission for the Christianization of the Chiquitano and Guaraní peoples. In 1722 the village moved to its present place, and in 1745 it was inhabited by circa 2,000 people of the ''Punasicas, Boococas, Tubasicas, Paicones, Puyzocas, Quimonecas, Quitemos, Napecas, Paunacas'' and '' Tapacuracas'' tribes. Between 1753 and 1756 the cathedral of Concepción was built (see photo), which still is the center of the blooming town. In 1766, Concepción ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous Peoples Of The Americas
The Indigenous peoples of the Americas are the inhabitants of the Americas before the arrival of the European settlers in the 15th century, and the ethnic groups who now identify themselves with those peoples. Many Indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers and many, especially in the Amazon basin, still are, but many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. While some societies depended heavily on agriculture, others practiced a mix of farming, hunting, and gathering. In some regions, the Indigenous peoples created monumental architecture, large-scale organized cities, city-states, chiefdoms, states, kingdoms, republics, confederacies, and empires. Some had varying degrees of knowledge of engineering, architecture, mathematics, astronomy, writing, physics, medicine, planting and irrigation, geology, mining, metallurgy, sculpture, and gold smithing. Many parts of the Americas are still populated by Indigenous peoples; some countries have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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