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China Investment Corporation
China Investment Corporation (CIC) (Chinese: 中国投资有限责任公司; pinyin: ''zhōngguó tóuzī yǒuxiàn zérèn gōngsī'') is a sovereign wealth fund that manages part of the People's Republic of China's foreign exchange reserves. China's largest sovereign wealth fund, CIC was established in 2007 with about US$200 billion of assets under management, a number that grew to US$941 billion in 2017 and US$1.2 trillion in 2021. History As of 2007, the People's Republic of China has US$1.4 trillion in currency reserves. (By 2013, US$3.44 trillion.China Investment Corporation Profile Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute. July 2, 2008. Retrieved August 27, 2013.) The China Investment Corporation was established with the intent of using these reserves for the benefit of the state, modeled a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Beijing Poly Plaza
The New Beijing Poly Plaza is a building complex in Beijing, China. Completed in 2007 for the China Poly Group Corporation, it houses the company headquarters, other office space, retail, restaurants, and the Poly Museum. The New Beijing Poly Plaza sits northeast of the Forbidden City on the 2nd Ring Road, near the Beijing Subway entrance of Exit D of Dongsi Shitiao Station of Line 2. Its large atrium looks out onto a major highway intersection and across the road to the earlier China Poly Headquarters. Architecture For their new headquarters, China Poly Group wanted a design that would reflect their multiple corporate interests in a unified structure. The structure has three main components: an L-shaped office building, a 21-story high glass-enclosed atrium, and a hanging structure referred to as the ‘lantern.’ The overall footprint on the 65,000-square-meter site is of a right triangle. Each leg of the L-shaped building measures 76.5 m long by 22.5 m wide. The hypote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Blackstone Group
Blackstone Inc. is an American alternative investment management company based in New York City. Blackstone's private equity business has been one of the largest investors in leveraged buyouts in the last three decades, while its real estate business has actively acquired commercial real estate. Blackstone is also active in credit, infrastructure, hedge fund solutions, insurance solutions, secondaries and growth equity. As of Q3 2022, the company's total assets under management were approximately United States dollar, US$951 billion, making it the largest alternative investment firm globally. Blackstone was founded in 1985 as a mergers and acquisitions firm by Peter George Peterson, Peter G. Peterson and Stephen A. Schwarzman, who had previously worked together at Lehman Brothers, Kuhn, Loeb Inc., Lehman Brothers. History Founding and early history Blackstone was founded in 1985 by Peter G. Peterson and Stephen A. Schwarzman with $400,000 in Seed money, seed capital. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CSSC Carnival Cruise Shipping
Adora Cruises (CSSC Carnival Cruise Shipping) is a Chinese-British-American cruise line that was scheduled to begin operation in 2020, but was delayed due to COVID-19 pandemic. History CSSC Carnival was founded in October 2015 as a joint venture, worth about $4 billion over ten years, between British-American cruise line Carnival Corporation & plc, Chinese sovereign wealth fund China Investment Corporation, and Chinese shipbuilder China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC). CSSC Carnival is headquartered in Hong Kong and is majority owned by the Chinese shareholders, which collectively own 60% of the company, with Carnival holding the remainder. In September 2016, the company announced plans to order two new ships, with options for two more, with deliveries planned to begin in 2022. In February 2017, two more options were added to the order, and it was announced that the vessels would be built at the Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Company through a joint venture between CSSC, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uralkali
Uralkali ( rus, Уралка́лий, p=ʊrɐɫ'kalʲɪj) is a Russian potash fertilizer producer and exporter. It is traded on the Moscow Exchange using the symbol, URKA. The company’s assets consist of five mines and seven ore-treatment mills situated in the towns of Berezniki and Solikamsk (Perm Krai, Russian Federation). Uralkali employs about 12,000 people (in the main production unit). The company produces standard and granular potassium chloride (KCl), sodium chloride (NaCl in the form of halite), and carnalite. It supplies products (through its own trader Uralkali Trading) to over 60 countries, with the major markets including Brazil, India, China, Southeast Asia, Russia, USA, and Europe. In 2018 Uralkali produced 11.5 million tonnes of potash (KCl) Uralkali develops Verkhnekamskoye field of potassium and magnesium salts, world's second largest in terms of potash ore reserves. The company’s total ore reserves total approximately 8.2 billion tonnes. Uralkali holds th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Potash
Potash () includes various mined and manufactured salts that contain potassium in water-soluble form.Potash USGS 2008 Minerals Yearbook The name derives from ''pot ash'', plant ashes or soaked in water in a pot, the primary means of manufacturing potash before the . The word '''' is derived from ''potash''. Potash is produced worldwide in amounts exceeding 90 million |
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eighth of Earth's inhabitable landmass. Russia extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones and shares Borders of Russia, land boundaries with fourteen countries, more than List of countries and territories by land borders, any other country but China. It is the List of countries and dependencies by population, world's ninth-most populous country and List of European countries by population, Europe's most populous country, with a population of 146 million people. The country's capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city is Moscow, the List of European cities by population within city limits, largest city entirely within E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toronto
Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America. The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe, an urban agglomeration of 9,765,188 people (as of 2021) surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario, while the Greater Toronto Area proper had a 2021 population of 6,712,341. Toronto is an international centre of business, finance, arts, sports and culture, and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world. Indigenous peoples have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area, located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers, deep ravines, and urban forest, for more than 10,000 years. After the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase, when the Mississauga surrendered the area to the British Crown, the British established the town of York in 1793 and later designat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lawrence Lau
Lawrence Lau Juen-yee, GBS, JP (; born 1944) is a Hong Kong economist and the former Vice-Chancellor of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He was a non-official member of the Executive Council of Hong Kong from 2009 to 2012. Before joining CUHK he was an economics professor at Stanford University. Personal life Lau was born on 12 December 1944 in Zunyi, Guizhou, Republic of China. His maternal grandfather was famed calligrapher and Kuomintang leader Yu Youren of Shaanxi Province. He received his secondary education from St. Paul's Co-educational College in Hong Kong, his B.S. degree in Physics and Economics, with Great Distinction, from Stanford University in 1964, and his M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in Economics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1966 and 1969 respectively. He joined the faculty of the Department of Economics of Stanford University in 1966 and was promoted to Professor of Economics in 1976. Academic career In 1992, Lau was named the first Kwoh-Ti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santiago Principles
The Santiago Principles or formally the Sovereign Wealth Funds: Generally Accepted Principles and Practices (GAPP) are designed as a common global set of 24 voluntary guidelines that assign best practices for the operations of Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs). They are a consequence of the concern of investors and regulators to establish management principles addressing the inadequate transparency, independence, and governance in the industry. They are guidelines to be followed by sovereign wealth fund management to maintain a stable global financial system, proper controls around risk, regulation and a sound governance structure. As of 2016 30 funds have formally signed up to the Principles and joined the IFSWF representing collectively 80% of assets managed by sovereign funds globally or US$5.5 trillion. The principles are maintained and promoted by the International Forum of Sovereign Wealth Funds (IFSWF) and whose membership have to either have implemented or aspire to implement t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Forum Of Sovereign Wealth Funds
The International Forum of Sovereign Wealth Funds (IFSWF) is a nonprofit international group of sovereign wealth funds managers which was established in 2009. It is based in London, England. History In 2009, a group of 23 leading state-owned international investors from around the world established the IFSWF's precursor, the International Working Group of Sovereign Wealth Funds, following discussions with global groups such as the G20, International Monetary Fund, IMF, and the U.S. Department of Treasury in 2007 and 2008. The Working Group created a set of Generally Accepted Principles and Practices, better known as the "Santiago Principles", for sovereign wealth funds' institutional governance and risk-management frameworks. Following the Kuwait Declaration in 2009, the International Working Group became the IFSWF with the mandate of helping members implement the Principles. Overview As of February 2018 IFSWF had 32 members, including some of the world's largest sovereign we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interest
In finance and economics, interest is payment from a borrower or deposit-taking financial institution to a lender or depositor of an amount above repayment of the principal sum (that is, the amount borrowed), at a particular rate. It is distinct from a fee which the borrower may pay the lender or some third party. It is also distinct from dividend which is paid by a company to its shareholders (owners) from its profit or reserve, but not at a particular rate decided beforehand, rather on a pro rata basis as a share in the reward gained by risk taking entrepreneurs when the revenue earned exceeds the total costs. For example, a customer would usually pay interest to borrow from a bank, so they pay the bank an amount which is more than the amount they borrowed; or a customer may earn interest on their savings, and so they may withdraw more than they originally deposited. In the case of savings, the customer is the lender, and the bank plays the role of the borrower. Interest diff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Renminbi
The renminbi (; symbol: ¥; ISO code: CNY; abbreviation: RMB) is the official currency of the People's Republic of China and one of the world's most traded currencies, ranking as the fifth most traded currency in the world as of April 2022. The yuan ( or ) is the basic unit of the renminbi, but the word is also used to refer to the Chinese currency generally, especially in international contexts. One yuan is divided into 10 jiao (), and the jiao is further subdivided into 10 fen (). The renminbi is issued by the People's Bank of China, the monetary authority of China. Valuation Until 2005, the value of the renminbi was pegged to the US dollar. As China pursued its transition from central planning to a market economy and increased its participation in foreign trade, the renminbi was devalued to increase the competitiveness of Chinese industry. It has previously been claimed that the renminbi's official exchange rate was undervalued by as much as 37.5% against its purchas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
