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Chilean Cruiser Esmeralda (1895)
''Esmeralda'' was developed as a custom design by naval architect Philip Watts (naval architect), Philip Watts for the Chilean Navy during the Argentine–Chilean naval arms race. Background and design This ''Esmeralda'' was purchased in part with US$1,500,000 in funds garnered from the sale of an earlier Chilean cruiser Esmeralda (1883), protected cruiser of the same name to Japan via Ecuador. The new ship was defined by historian Adrian J. English as "the first armored cruiser to be built for any navy," and the contemporary ''Naval Annual'' called it "one of the most powerful cruisers in the world." Another historian, Peter Brook, believes that the newer ''Esmeralda'' should be classified as a lesser "belted" cruiser due to design faults present after its conversion from a protected cruiser while under construction.Peter Brook, ''Warships for Export: Armstrong Warships, 1867–1927'' (Gravesend, UK: World Ship Society, 1999), 101–02. Service On 18 December 1907, the shi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Esmeralda (1791)
''Esmeralda'' was a 44-gun frigate built in Port Mahón, Balearic Islands in 1791 for the Spanish Navy.Gerardo EtcheverryPrincipales naves de guerra a vela hispanoamericanas retrieved 10. Januar 2011 The First Chilean Navy Squadron, under the command of Thomas Cochrane, captured her on the night of 5 November 1820. She was renamed ''Valdivia'' in Chilean service. She was beached at Valparaíso in June 1825. Spanish career The ship was 950 tons burthen frigate designed by engineer Bouyón in the Balearic Islands. After the defeat in the Battle of Chacabuco the Spanish government ordered ''Esmeralda'' to sail from Cádiz on 6 May 1817 under the command of Captain Luis Goic with a convoy that included the ships ''Reina de los Ángeles'', ''San José'', ''San Juan'', ''Castilla'', ''Tagle'', and ''Primorosa Mariana''. The convoy arrived in Callao on 30 September 1817; ''Tagle'' had already arrived on 21 August.Pérez Turrado (1996), p. 96. On 31 March 1818 ''Esmeralda'', the most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chilean Navy
The Chilean Navy ( es, Armada de Chile) is the naval warfare service branch of the Chilean Armed Forces. It is under the Ministry of National Defense. Its headquarters are at Edificio Armada de Chile, Valparaiso. History Origins and the Wars of Independence (1817–1830) The origins of the Chilean Navy date back to 1817, when General Bernardo O'Higgins prophetically declared after the Chilean victory at the Battle of Chacabuco that a hundred such victories would count for nothing if Chile did not gain control of the sea. This led to the development of the Chilean Navy, and the first legal resolutions outlining the organization of the institution were created. Chile's First National Fleet and the Academy for Young Midshipmen, which was the predecessor of the current Naval Academy, were founded, as well as the Marine Corps and the Supply Commissary. The first commander of the Chilean Navy was Manuel Blanco Encalada. Famous British naval commander Lord Cochrane, who former ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Decommissioned Ships Of The Chilean Navy
The list of decommissioned ships of the Chilean Navy is mostly compiled from information given in the website of thChilean Navy It consists of over 500 ''historical units'' including ships of the Patria Vieja, prizes, fireships, armed merchant ships, auxiliary ships, capital ships and, of course, regular warships of the navy ranging from the capital ship to small torpedo boats and early wooden vessels. At the beginning, the Chilean Navy was almost entirely composed of merchant ships enlisted into naval service in time of war, hence the distinction between warships and merchant ships is often blurred and ships changed their status quickly and subtly. See also: * Ships under Chilean Letter of marque (in this article) * List of undelivered ships (in this article) * List of active ships of the Chilean Navy Key *Shipname - is a shortened form of the official name but includes the launch year (or commissioning year). Rank and titles of persons are not shown. *HCS - Hull classif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South American Dreadnought Race
A naval arms race among Argentina, Brazil and Chile—the wealthiest and most powerful countries in South America—began in the early twentieth century when the Brazilian government ordered three dreadnoughts, formidable battleships whose capabilities far outstripped older vessels in the world's navies. In 1904, the Brazilian legislature allocated substantial funds to improve the country's naval forces. The plan's proponents believed that a strong navy was a requirement in becoming an international power, and was needed to combat recent naval expansions in Argentina and Chile. The revolutionary design of the 1906 British warship induced the Brazilians to alter these plans, redirecting their money into constructing three larger dreadnoughts; two were constructed immediately. These warships, the most powerful in the world, entered service at a time when dreadnoughts were a measure of international prestige. They therefore brought global attention to what was perceived to be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swiss Museum Of Transport
The Swiss Museum of Transport or Verkehrshaus der Schweiz (literally "Transportation House of Switzerland") in Lucerne opened in July 1959 and exhibits all forms of transport including trains, automobiles, ships and aircraft as well as communication technology. It is Switzerland's most popular museum. The museum also maintains a large collection of work by Hans Erni, a local painter and sculptor. There are several other attractions in the museum besides the collection, including a planetarium, a large-format cinema and a 1:20,000 scale aerial photograph of Switzerland. History The museum traces its history to 1897, when the first attempts at creating a museum of railway equipment were made. Following a national exhibition in 1914, the Swiss Railway Museum was founded by Swiss Federal Railways in 1918 in Zurich. The concept eventually grew to encompass all transportation and, in 1942, the Swiss Museum of Transport association was established. Swiss Federal Railways was joined b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santa María School Massacre
The Santa María School massacre was a massacre of striking workers, mostly saltpeter works (nitrate) miners, along with wives and children, committed by the Chilean Army in Iquique, Chile on December 21, 1907. The number of victims is undetermined but is estimated to be over 2,000. It occurred during the peak of the nitrate mining era, which coincided with the Parliamentary Period in Chilean political history (1891–1925). With the massacre and an ensuing reign of terror, not only was the strike broken, but the workers' movement was thrown into limbo for over a decade. For decades afterward there was official suppression of knowledge of the incident, but in 2007 the government conducted a highly publicized commemoration of its centenary, including an official national day of mourning and the reinterment of the victims' remains. The site of the massacre was the Domingo Santa María School, where thousands of miners from different nitrate mines in Chile's far north had bee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naval Annual
''The Naval Annual'' was a periodical that provided considerable text and graphic information (largely concerning the British Royal Navy) which had previously been obtainable only by consulting a wide range of often foreign language publications. During its life it underwent a number of title changes. The ''Annual'' was started by Thomas Brassey, 1st Earl Brassey, in 1886. Though often compared with ''Jane's Fighting Ships'', the two British annuals were, in fact quite different. The Brassey series began a dozen years earlier, and its special strength was the dozen or more detailed articles on naval (plus, from 1920 through 1935, merchant marine) matters, authored by experts. They covered British and other nations' naval developments ranging from the latest ships to overall policy. The first five or six Brassey volumes used a second printing colour (a light blue green) to highlight armored portions of naval vessels' hulls. Through 1949, the series was also known for its ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chilean Cruiser Esmeralda (1883)
The Chilean cruiser ''Esmeralda'' was the first protected cruiser, a ship type named for the arched armored deck that protected its most vital areas, including its propulsion plant and magazines. Constructed by the British shipbuilder Armstrong Mitchell in the early 1880s, ''Esmeralda'' was hailed as "the swiftest and most powerfully armed cruiser in the world" by William Armstrong, the company's founder.The 'Esmeralda,' ''Record'' (Valparaiso) 13, no. 183 (4 December 1884): 5. ''Esmeralda'' was completed in 1884, and the ship was quickly deployed to Panama in the following year to show the Chilean flag and conduct |
Argentine–Chilean Naval Arms Race
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the South American nations of Argentina and Chile engaged in an expensive naval arms race to ensure the other would not gain supremacy in the Southern Cone. Although the Argentine and Chilean navies possessed insignificant naval forces in the 1860s, with zero and five warships, respectively, Argentina's concern over a strong Imperial Brazilian Navy and the Chilean war against Spain caused them to add capable warships to their fleets in the 1870s. During this time, diplomatic relations between Argentina and Chile soured due to conflicting boundary claims, particularly in Patagonia. By the beginning of the 1880s, after the War of the Pacific, the Chilean government possessed possibly the strongest navy in the Americas. They planned to add to it with an 1887 appropriation for one battleship, two protected cruisers, and two torpedo gunboats. Argentina responded a year later with an order for two battleships of its own. The naval ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philip Watts (naval Architect)
Sir Philip Beverley Watts (born 25 June 1945) is a former chairman of the multinational energy company Shell and a priest in the Church of England. Early life Watts was born on 25 June 1945 in Leicester and grew up in the Midlands where his father worked in the textile industry. He attended the Wyggeston and Dixie grammar schools in Leicestershire and the University of Leeds where he studied physics, graduating as BSc in 1968. After university he taught briefly in Sierra Leone before returning to Leeds to study for a master's degree in geophysics (MA). In 1969 Watts joined Shell for whom he worked until 2004. In October 2012, he was appointed priest-in-charge of Waltham St Lawrence parish church. Shell career *1969–1983; Seismologist *1983–1987; Exploration director, Shell UK *1987–1991; Various in Shell's production liaison and planning operations *1991–1994; managing director, Shell Nigeria *1994–1995; Regional coordinator, Shell Europe *1995–1998; Director f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armstrong Mitchell
Sir W G Armstrong Whitworth & Co Ltd was a major British manufacturing company of the early years of the 20th century. With headquarters in Elswick, Newcastle upon Tyne, Armstrong Whitworth built armaments, ships, locomotives, automobiles and aircraft. The company was founded by William Armstrong in 1847, becoming Armstrong Mitchell and then Armstrong Whitworth through mergers. In 1927, it merged with Vickers Limited to form Vickers-Armstrongs, with its automobile and aircraft interests purchased by J D Siddeley. History In 1847, the engineer William George Armstrong founded the Elswick works at Newcastle, to produce hydraulic machinery, cranes and bridges, soon to be followed by artillery, notably the Armstrong breech-loading gun, with which the British Army was re-equipped after the Crimean War. In 1882, it merged with the shipbuilding firm of Charles Mitchell to form Armstrong Mitchell & Company and at the time its works extended for over a mile (about 2 km) along th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harvey Armor
Harvey armor was a type of steel naval armor developed in the early 1890s in which the front surfaces of the plates were case hardened. The method for doing this was known as the Harvey process, and was invented by the American engineer Hayward Augustus Harvey. This type of armor was used in the construction of capital ships until superseded by Krupp armor in the late 1890s. The Harvey United Steel Company was a steel cartel whose chairman was Albert Vickers. The year 1894 would see the ten main producers of armor plate, including Vickers, Armstrong, Krupp, Schneider, Carnegie and Bethlehem Steel, form the Harvey Syndicate. Predecessors Before the appearance of compound armor in the 1880s, armor plating was made from uniform homogeneous iron or steel plates backed by several inches of teak to absorb the shock of projectile impact. Compound armor appeared in the mid-1880s and was made from two different types of steel, a very hard but brittle high-carbon steel front ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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