Chiam See Tong
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Chiam See Tong
Chiam See Tong (; born 12 March 1935) is a Singaporean retired politician and lawyer who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Potong Pasir SMC between 1984 and 2011. He was one of the two opposition MPs in Parliament. Lawyer by profession, Chiam contested in the 1976 general election and 1979 by-elections as an independent candidate in Cairnhill SMC and Potong Pasir SMC but lost both. He founded the Singapore Democratic Party (SDP) in 1980 and became its secretary-general, and contested in the 1980 general election but was defeated again. Chiam succeeded on his fourth attempt during the 1984 general election and won Potong Pasir SMC against People's Action Party candidate Mah Bow Tan. He joined J. B. Jeyaretnam from the Workers' Party as the second of only two opposition Members of Parliament. Chiam left the SDP after a falling-out with his protégé Chee Soon Juan and joined the Singapore People's Party (SPP). In 2001, Chiam convinced three other opposition pa ...
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Zhan (surname)
Zhan () is the pinyin romanization of several Chinese names, also spelled Chan in the Wade–Giles system common in Taiwan and in older publications List of people with the surname Zhǎn (展) *Zhan Ziqian ( 6th century), painter and official during the Sui dynasty *Zhan Zhao, fictional Song dynasty hero from the novel ''The Seven Heroes and Five Gallants'' *Zhan Wang (born 1962), Chinese sculptor *Zhan Tao (born 1963), Chinese mathematician List of people with the surname Zhàn (湛) 369 湛 0.0079% 10.50 Hunan Also spelled 'Cham' based on the Cantonese pronunciation (Yale Romanization of Cantonese, Yale Romanization: ; Jyutping: ) *Zhan Ruoshui (1466–1560), Chinese philosopher *Kim Cham (born 1946), Hong Kong businessman and politician List of people with the surname Zhān (詹) 127 詹 0.110% 147.00 Guangdong Also spelled Chim based on the Cantonese pronunciation (Yale Romanization: ; Jyutping: ), Vietnamese_name, Chiem, and Cheam or Chiam based on the Hokkien pronunciati ...
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Singapore Democratic Alliance
The Singapore Democratic Alliance (abbreviation: SDA) is a political coalition between the National Solidarity Party (NSP) and Singapore Justice Party (SJP) in Singapore. History Prior to the founding in 2001, then-opposition Member of Parliament (MP) for Potong Pasir Chiam See Tong was a member of Singapore Democratic Party (SDP). Chiam resigned to join Singapore People's Party (SPP) ahead of the 1997 elections due to a leadership schism with another member, Chee Soon Juan, who was made the party's secretary-general. The party was first established in 2001 by Chiam where he want to provide a common grouping under which different opposition parties could stand as a political coalition in elections against the ruling People's Action Party (PAP). The alliance was initially a four-party coalition, which consist of his party of SPP (which adopted the party's logo at the time), as well as the National Solidarity Party (NSP), the Singapore Justice Party (SJP) and the Singapore M ...
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Mah Bow Tan
Mah Bow Tan ( zh, s=马宝山, p=Mǎ Bǎoshān; born 12 September 1948) is a Singaporean former politician who served as Leader of the House between 2007 and 2011, Minister for National Development between 1999 and 2011, Minister for the Environment between 1993 and 1995, and Minister for Communications between 1991 and 1999. A former member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), he was the Member of Parliament (MP) representing the Tampines East ward of Tampines GRC between 1988 and 2015. Education Mah attended St. Michael's School and St. Joseph's Institution before graduating from the University of New South Wales in 1971 with a Bachelor of Engineering with first class honours degree in industrial engineering under the President's Scholarship and Colombo Plan Scholarship. Mah also won the University Medal for being the top student in engineering. He subsequently went on to complete a Master of Engineering degree in operations research at the University of New So ...
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1984 Singaporean General Election
General elections were held in Singapore on 22 December 1984. President of Singapore, President Devan Nair dissolved parliament on 4 December 1984 on the advice of Prime Minister of Singapore, Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew. The result was a victory for the People's Action Party, which won 77 of the 79 seats, marking the first time since 1963 Singaporean general election, 1963 that at least one opposition candidate was elected to parliament in a general election, although the first presence of an opposition MP was in the 1981 Anson by-election, 1981. Background In his 1983 National Day Rally speech, Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew lamented that declining birth rates and large number of graduate women remaining single or not marrying their intellectual equal could see Singapore's talent pool shrink. The PAP government then proceeded to launch the "Population control in Singapore, Graduate Mothers' Scheme" to entice graduate women with incentives to get married and grant graduate mothers p ...
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1980 Singaporean General Election
General elections were held in Singapore on 23 December 1980. The result was a victory for the People's Action Party, which won all 75 seats, the last of four consecutive elections in which they repeated the feat. Voter turnout was 95.5%, although this figure represents the turnout in the 38 constituencies to be contested, with PAP candidates earning walkovers in the other 37. 685,141 voters out of the total electorate of 1,290,426 went to vote on the elections. Background Prior to this election, a series of by-elections were held in 1977 and 1979 after two and seven MPs, respectively, were vacated; however, the ruling PAP won every seat, allowing nine new candidates, which include Devan Nair and Tony Tan (both would later go on to become Presidents of Singapore) to enter Parliament. During the election, PAP also introduced a few other prominent members, such as future ministers Lee Yock Suan and S. Jayakumar, as well as a backbencher (and later Progress Singapore Party secretar ...
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Cairnhill Single Member Constituency
Cairnhill Single Member Constituency (SMC) was a former single member constituency in Singapore. It used to exist from 1955 to 1988 as Cairnhill Constituency and was renamed as Cairnhill Single Member Constituency (SMC) as part of Singapore's political reforms. The SMC was merged into Kampong Glam Group Representation Constituency (GRC) in 1991. Lim Kim San was the elected Member of Parliament from 1959 to 1980 and then Wong Kwei Cheong from 1980 to 1991. History The constituency was formed during the 1955 Singaporean general election, encompassing Balestier, Rochore and Tanglin wards. During the 1959 Singaporean general election General elections were held in Singapore on 30 May 1959. They were held under the new constitution and were the first in which all 51 seats in the Legislative Assembly were filled by election. This was the first election victory for the People ..., part of the constituency was split to form River Valley Constituency. In 1988, the constitu ...
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1979 Singaporean By-elections
The by-election was held on 10 February 1979 while the nomination day was held on 31 January 1979. For the Anson Single Member Constituency (SMC), People's Action Party (PAP) candidate Devan Nair defeated Democratic Progressive Party (Singapore), Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) candidate Johnny Wee Lai Deng with 86.2% of valid votes. Devan Nair was declared to be the MP for Anson SMC. For the Mountbatten Single Member Constituency, Mountbatten SMC, People's Action Party (PAP) candidate Eugene Yap Giau Cheng defeated Democratic Progressive Party (Singapore), Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) candidate Seow Khee Leng with 79.9% of valid votes. Eugene Yap Giau Cheng was declared to be the MP for Mountbatten SMC. For Potong Pasir Single Member Constituency, Potong Pasir SMC, PAP candidate Howe Yoon Chong defeated Independent (politician), Independent candidate Chiam See Tong with 66.8% of valid votes. Howe Yoon Chong was declared to be the MP for Potong Pasir SMC. For Sembawan ...
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1976 Singaporean General Election
General elections were held in Singapore on 23 December 1976. The result was a victory for the People's Action Party, which won all 69 seats, the third of four consecutive elections in which they repeated the feat. Voter turnout was 95.1%, out of 857,297 voters eligible (from the total electorate of 1,095,817) from the 53 contested constituencies.Parliamentary general election 1976
Singapore Elections


Electoral system

The 69 members of were elected from 69 single-member constitu ...
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Parliament Of Singapore
The Parliament of Singapore is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of Singapore, which governs the country alongside the president of Singapore. Largely based upon the Westminster system, the Parliament is made up of Members of Parliament (MPs) who are elected, as well as Non-constituency Members of Parliament (NCMPs) and Nominated Members of Parliament (NMPs) who are appointed. Following the 2020 general election, 93 (currently 92) MPs and two NCMPs were elected to the 14th Parliament. Nine NMPs will usually be appointed by the president. The speaker of Parliament has overall charge of the administration of Parliament and its secretariat, and presides over parliamentary sittings. The leader of the house is an MP appointed by the prime minister to arrange government business and the legislative programme of Parliament, while the leader of the opposition is the MP who leads the largest political party not in the government. Some of Parliament's work is carried out b ...
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Independent Politician
An independent or non-partisan politician is a politician not affiliated with any political party or bureaucratic association. There are numerous reasons why someone may stand for office as an independent. Some politicians have political views that do not align with the platforms of any political party, and therefore choose not to affiliate with them. Some independent politicians may be associated with a party, perhaps as former members of it, or else have views that align with it, but choose not to stand in its name, or are unable to do so because the party in question has selected another candidate. Others may belong to or support a political party at the national level but believe they should not formally represent it (and thus be subject to its policies) at another level. In running for public office, independents sometimes choose to form a party or alliance with other independents, and may formally register their party or alliance. Even where the word "independent" is used, s ...
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Singapore People's Party
The Singapore People's Party (abbreviation: SPP) is a political party in Singapore. History SPP was founded on 21 November 1994 by Sin Kek Tong, who led a pro-Chiam See Tong faction out of the Singapore Democratic Party (SDP). Over two years, Sin stood as the pro-tem leader until Chiam joined the party and assumed leadership in December 1996, at the time the Parliament was dissolved ahead of the 1997 general election. Chiam then became the party's first Member of Parliament (MP) when he won the constituency of Potong Pasir at the election, where he also did under the SDP banner. Membership of the Singapore Democratic Alliance In 2001, the SPP became a founding member of the Singapore Democratic Alliance (SDA), along with the National Solidarity Party (NSP), the Singapore Justice Party (SJP) and the Singapore Malay National Organisation (PKMS). Chiam became the founding Chairman of SDA, which aimed to provide a common grouping under which different opposition parties could st ...
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British Malaya
The term "British Malaya" (; ms, Tanah Melayu British) loosely describes a set of states on the Malay Peninsula and the island of Singapore that were brought under British hegemony or control between the late 18th and the mid-20th century. Unlike the term "British India", which excludes the Indian princely states, British Malaya is often used to refer to the Federated and Unfederated Malay States, which were British protectorates with their own local rulers, as well as the Straits Settlements, which were under the sovereignty and direct rule of the British Crown, after a period of control by the East India Company. Before the formation of the Malayan Union in 1946, the territories were not placed under a single unified administration, with the exception of the immediate post-war period when a British military officer became the temporary administrator of Malaya. Instead, British Malaya comprised the Straits Settlements, the Federated Malay States, and the Unfederated Ma ...
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