Chełmno Nad Nerem
Chełmno, often known by its full name Chełmno nad Nerem (; meaning ''Chełmno on the Ner river'') is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dąbie, within Koło County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Koło and east of the regional capital Poznań. The village has a population of 350. It is the location of the Chełmno Extermination Camp Museum '' (pl)'' founded in 1994. History The oldest known mention of the village comes from the Bull of Gniezno of 1136. In 1284, Duke of Greater Poland and future King of Poland Przemysł II, confirmed the donation of the village to the Archdiocese of Gniezno. A local parish church surely existed already in 1521. Jan Łaski turned the village into a town, which was confirmed by King Sigismund I the Old of Poland in 1530; however, soon Chełmno became a village again. Administratively it was located in the Łęczyca County in the Łęczyca Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Pr ...
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Chełmno Extermination Camp
, known for = , location = Near Chełmno nad Nerem, ''Reichsgau Wartheland'' (German-occupied Poland) , built by = , operated by = , commandant = Herbert Lange, Christian Wirth , original use = , construction = , in operation = – (1st period), – , gas chambers = 3 gas vans , prisoner type= mostly Jews , inmates = , killed = est. 152,000–200,000 , liberated by = Red Army, , notable inmates = Mordechaï Podchlebnik, Szymon Srebrnik, Szlama Ber Winer , notable books = , website = Chełmno or Kulmhof was the first of Nazi Germany's extermination camps and was situated north of Łódź, near the village of Chełmno nad Nerem. Following the invasion of Poland in 1939, Germany annexed the area into the new territory of Reichsgau Wartheland. The camp, which was specifically intended for no other purpose than mass murder, operated from , to , parallel to Operation Reinhard during the deadliest phase of the Holocaust, and again fro ...
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