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Cheerleader Effect
The cheerleader effect, also known as the group attractiveness effect, is the cognitive bias which causes people to think individuals are more attractive when they are in a group. The term was backed up by research by Drew Walker and Edward Vul (2013) and van Osch et al. (2015). Media The phrase was coined by the fictional character Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris) in "Not a Father's Day", an episode of the television series ''How I Met Your Mother'', first aired in November 2008. Barney points out to his friends a group of women that initially seem attractive, but who are all unattractive when examined individually. This point is made again by two other characters, Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor) and Robin Scherbatsky (Cobie Smulders), later in the episode, who note that some of Barney's friends also only seem attractive in a group. Studies 2013 study Across five studies by Walker and Vul (2013), participants rated the attractiveness of male and female faces when shown in a group ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cognitive Bias
A cognitive bias is a systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment. Individuals create their own "subjective reality" from their perception of the input. An individual's construction of reality, not the objective input, may dictate their behavior in the world. Thus, cognitive biases may sometimes lead to perceptual distortion, inaccurate judgment, illogical interpretation, or what is broadly called irrationality. Although it may seem like such misperceptions would be aberrations, biases can help humans find commonalities and shortcuts to assist in the navigation of common situations in life. Some cognitive biases are presumably adaptive. Cognitive biases may lead to more effective actions in a given context. Furthermore, allowing cognitive biases enables faster decisions which can be desirable when timeliness is more valuable than accuracy, as illustrated in heuristics. Other cognitive biases are a "by-product" of human processing limitations, resulting ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barney Stinson
Barnabus Stinson is a fictional character portrayed by Neil Patrick Harris and created by Carter Bays and Craig Thomas for the CBS television series ''How I Met Your Mother'' (2005–2014). One of the show's main characters, Barney is known for his brash, manipulative and opinionated personality. He is a womanizer known for his love of expensive suits, laser tag, and Scotch whisky. The character uses many 'plays' in his 'playbook' to help him have sex with women. In later seasons, he has a few serious relationships, then marries, divorces, and has a child with an unnamed woman from a one-night stand, and then marries the same woman again (as implied in the alternate ending). Barney's catchphrases included "Suit up!", “Go for Barney”, "What up?!", "Stinson out", "Legendary", "Wait for it" (often combining the two as "legen—wait for it—dary!"), "Daddy's home", "Haaaaave you met Ted" and "Challenge accepted". Critics have praised the character and credited Harris’ perf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neil Patrick Harris
Neil Patrick Harris (born June 15, 1973) is an American actor, singer, writer, producer, and television host. Primarily known for his comedic television roles and dramatic and musical stage roles, he has received multiple accolades throughout his career, including a Tony Award, five Primetime Emmy Awards, and nominations for a Grammy Award and three Screen Actors Guild Awards. On television, he is known for playing the title character on the ABC series '' Doogie Howser, M.D.'' (1989–1993), for which he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy, as well as Barney Stinson on the CBS series ''How I Met Your Mother'' (2005–2014, for which he was nominated for four Emmy Awards), and Count Olaf on the Netflix series ''A Series of Unfortunate Events'' (2017–2019). Harris is also known for his role as the title character in Joss Whedon's musical '' Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog'' (2008) and a fictional version of himsel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Not A Father's Day
"Not a Father's Day" is the seventh episode in the fourth season of the television series '' How I Met Your Mother'' and 71st overall. It originally aired on November 10, 2008. Plot In the bar, Barney is unimpressed with the women there, not seeing anyone attractive. Ted points out a group of women in the corner who they agree are hot, but Barney states they are simply experiencing the " cheerleader effect": as a group, they look hot, but seen individually each one is actually unattractive. As he concludes this observation, Barney receives a call, in which he is told he is going to be a father. Not wanting to have kids, he panics and prays to God for help when he receives news that the woman is not actually pregnant. He is so happy he dances down the street to Marshall's office where he announces he is going to create a holiday for childless men like him called "Not a Father's Day". He produces merchandise, including T-shirts, mugs and cards, and the holiday gains a large followin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
How I Met Your Mother
''How I Met Your Mother'' (often abbreviated as ''HIMYM'') is an American sitcom, created by Craig Thomas and Carter Bays for CBS. The series, which aired from September 19, 2005 to March 31, 2014, follows the main character, Ted Mosby, and his group of friends in New York City's Manhattan. As a framing device, Ted, in 2030, recounts to his son, Luke, and daughter, Penny, the events from September 2005 to May 2013 that led him to meet their mother. ''How I Met Your Mother'' is a joint production by Bays & Thomas Productions and 20th Century Fox Television and syndicated by 20th Television (now Disney-ABC Domestic Television). The series was loosely inspired by Thomas and Bays' friendship when they both lived in New York. The vast majority of episodes were directed by Pamela Fryman, who directed 196 episodes out of 208. The other directors were Rob Greenberg (7 episodes), Michael Shea (4 episodes), and Neil Patrick Harris ( 1 episode). Known for its unique structure, humor, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ted Mosby
Theodore Evelyn Mosby is a fictional character and the protagonist in the American sitcom ''How I Met Your Mother'', portrayed by Josh Radnor. He serves as the show's narrator from the future, voiced by Bob Saget, as he tells his children the "long version" of how he met their mother. Character overview Ted is the central character of the show. Born April 25, 1978, he is from Shaker Heights, Ohio (like show creator Carter Bays), a graduate of Wesleyan University (like Bays and show co-creator Craig Thomas), an Eagle Scout, and an architect. Ted continues his profession as an architect in New York City, possibly at Columbia University. After his best friend, Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel), gets engaged in the pilot episode, Ted decides to try to find his soulmate. This quest informs the general direction of the show, along with Ted's relationship with Marshall, Marshall's wife Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan), Ted's on/off girlfriend Robin Scherbatsky (Cobie Smulders), and his othe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Josh Radnor
Joshua Thomas Radnor (born July 29, 1974) is an American actor, filmmaker, author, and musician. He is best known for portraying Ted Mosby on the popular and Emmy Award–winning CBS sitcom ''How I Met Your Mother''. He made his writing and directorial debut with the 2010 comedy drama film ''Happythankyoumoreplease'', for which he won the Sundance Film Festival Audience Award and was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize. In 2012, he wrote, directed and starred in his second film, ''Liberal Arts'', which premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival. In 2014, Radnor portrayed Isaac in the Broadway play ''Disgraced'', which was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Play. He then starred as Dr. Jedediah Foster on the PBS American Civil War drama series ''Mercy Street'', Lou Mazzuchelli in the musical series ''Rise'', and as Lonny Flash in ''Hunters''. Early life and education Radnor was born in Columbus, Ohio to a Jewish family, the son of Carol Radnor (née Hirsch), a high school ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robin Scherbatsky
Robin Charles Scherbatsky Jr. is a fictional character created by Carter Bays and Craig Thomas for the CBS television series ''How I Met Your Mother'', portrayed by Cobie Smulders. Robin is the on and off love interest of Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris) and Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor), and a close friend to Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan) and Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel). Development The creators of ''How I Met Your Mother'', Carter Bays and Craig Thomas, always intended for Robin Scherbatsky not to be " The Mother" of Ted Mosby's children. Rather, Ted perceives Robin as the perfect woman, but "it’s tillnot his final love story." Bays and Thomas have said that "a pretty famous actress" turned down the role of Robin; they revealed in February 2014 that it was Jennifer Love Hewitt. They then cast Cobie Smulders, an unknown actor. Bays and Thomas later said: "Thank God we did for a million reasons... when Ted’s seeing her for the first time, America’s seeing her for the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cobie Smulders
Jacoba Francisca Maria "Cobie" Smulders (born April 3, 1982) is a Canadian actress. She is known for her starring role as Robin Scherbatsky in the CBS sitcom ''How I Met Your Mother'' (2005–2014) and as S.H.I.E.L.D. agent Maria Hill in the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero films '' The Avengers'' (2012), '' Captain America: The Winter Soldier'' (2014), '' Avengers: Age of Ultron'' (2015), '' Avengers: Infinity War'' (2018), '' Avengers: Endgame'' (2019), and '' Spider-Man: Far From Home'' (2019), as well as the ABC action drama series ''Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D'' (2013–2015), the Disney+ animated anthology series '' What If...?'' (2021), and the upcoming Disney+ limited series ''Secret Invasion'' (2023). Smulders' other films include '' Safe Haven'' (2013), ''They Came Together'' (2014), ''Results'' (2015), and '' Jack Reacher: Never Go Back'' (2016). She also starred in the Netflix comedy drama series ''A Series of Unfortunate Events'' (2017), the Netflix comedy series ''Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Atlantic
''The Atlantic'' is an American magazine and multi-platform publisher. It features articles in the fields of politics, foreign affairs, business and the economy, culture and the arts, technology, and science. It was founded in 1857 in Boston, as ''The Atlantic Monthly'', a literary and cultural magazine that published leading writers' commentary on education, the abolition of slavery, and other major political issues of that time. Its founders included Francis H. Underwood and prominent writers Ralph Waldo Emerson, Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and John Greenleaf Whittier. James Russell Lowell was its first editor. In addition, ''The Atlantic Monthly Almanac'' was an annual almanac published for ''Atlantic Monthly'' readers during the 19th and 20th centuries. A change of name was not officially announced when the format first changed from a strict monthly (appearing 12 times a year) to a slightly lower frequency. It was a mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cognitive Psychology
Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning. Cognitive psychology originated in the 1960s in a break from behaviorism, which held from the 1920s to 1950s that unobservable mental processes were outside the realm of empirical science. This break came as researchers in linguistics and cybernetics, as well as applied psychology, used models of mental processing to explain human behavior. Work derived from cognitive psychology was integrated into other branches of psychology and various other modern disciplines like cognitive science, linguistics, and economics. The domain of cognitive psychology overlaps with that of cognitive science, which takes a more interdisciplinary approach and includes studies of non-human subjects and artificial intelligence. History Philosophically, ruminations on the human mind and its processes have been around since the times of the a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Visual System
The visual system comprises the sensory organ (the eye) and parts of the central nervous system (the retina containing photoreceptor cells, the optic nerve, the optic tract and the visual cortex) which gives organisms the sense of sight (the ability to perception, detect and process visible light) as well as enabling the formation of several non-image photo response functions. It detects and interprets information from the optical spectrum perceptible to that species to "build a representation" of the surrounding environment. The visual system carries out a number of complex tasks, including the reception of light and the formation of monocular neural representations, colour vision, the neural mechanisms underlying stereopsis and assessment of distances to and between objects, the identification of a particular object of interest, motion perception, the analysis and integration of visual information, pattern recognition, accurate motor coordination under visual guidance, and mor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
