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Charles Du Paty De Clam
Charles Mercier du Paty de Clam (16 February 1895 – 8 April 1948), was a French soldier and civil servant who served as Commissioner-General for Jewish Affairs under the Vichy government between March and May 1944. Biography Charles du Paty de Clam was born on 16 February 1895 in Paris, the son of Armand du Paty de Clam, key figure of the Dreyfus Affair.Archives de Paris en ligne, Paris 7, acte de naissance V4E 8623, vue 16/31, acte 203 du 18 février 1895. He graduated with a law bachelor from Sciences Po and was mobilized during World War I. In 1920, Du Paty de Clam was appointed colonial officer in Damascus by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, then under a French mandate. As the governor of North Lebanon, he repressed the Sunni Tripoli riots of 1936. Hesitating between De Gaulle and Pétain, he eventually chose to become Director-General of the Levant States Office for the Vichy regime in 1941. Du Paty de Clam was appointed Commissioner-General for Jewish Affairs on 1 Mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commissariat-General For Jewish Affairs
The Commissariat-General for Jewish Affairs (french: Commissariat général aux questions juives; C.G.Q.J.) was a special administration established in March 1941 by the collaborationist Vichy government of France in order to introduce anti-Jewish legislation. History While anti-Jewish legislation had already been introduced by the Vichy regime by October 1940, the creation of the C.G.Q.J. was initiated by the German occupiers. Theodor Dannecker, ''Judenreferent'' in France, called in his memoir for the establishment of a "Jewish central office" on 21 January 1941. The C.G.Q.J. was founded by the law of 29 March 1941, with Xavier Vallat as Commissioner-General, followed by Louis Darquier de Pellepoix in May 1942. The organization was responsible for proposing all legislative measures concerning Jews to the Vichy government, such as the confiscation of Jewish property in France.Joly, Laurent. ÂPostuler un emploi auprès du commissariat général aux Questions juives (1941-194 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfred Dreyfus
Alfred Dreyfus ( , also , ; 9 October 1859 – 12 July 1935) was a French artillery officer of Jewish ancestry whose trial and conviction in 1894 on charges of treason became one of the most polarizing political dramas in modern French history. The incident has gone down in history as the Dreyfus affair, the reverberations from which were felt throughout Europe. It ultimately ended with Dreyfus's complete exoneration. Early life Born in Mulhouse, Alsace in 1859, Dreyfus was the youngest of nine children born to Raphaël and Jeannette Dreyfus (née Libmann). Raphaël Dreyfus was a prosperous, self-made Jewish textile manufacturer who had started as a peddler. Alfred was 10 years old when the Franco-Prussian War broke out in the summer of 1870 and following the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine by Germany after the war, he and his family first moved to Basel in Switzerland, where he went to high school and later on to Paris. The childhood experience of seeing his family uprooted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sciences Po Alumni
Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science may be as old as the human species, and some of the earliest archeological evidence for scientific reasoning is tens of thousands of years old. The earliest written records in the history of science come from Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, knowledge of Greek conceptions of the world deteriorated in Western Europe during the early centuries (400 to 1000 CE) of the Middle Ages, but was preserved in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age and later by the efforts of Byzantine Greek scholars who brought Greek man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1948 Deaths
Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect. ** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British Railways. * January 4 – Burma gains its independence from the United Kingdom, becoming an independent republic, named the ''Union of Burma'', with Sao Shwe Thaik as its first President, and U Nu its first Prime Minister. * January 5 ** Warner Brothers shows the first color newsreel (''Tournament of Roses Parade'' and the '' Rose Bowl Game''). ** The first Kinsey Report, ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Male'', is published in the United States. * January 7 – Mantell UFO incident: Kentucky Air National Guard pilot Thomas Mantell crashes while in pursuit of an unidentified flying object. * January 12 – Mahatma Gandhi begins his fast-unto-death in Delhi, to stop communal violence during the Partition of India. * January 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1895 Births
Events January–March * January 5 – Dreyfus affair: French officer Alfred Dreyfus is stripped of his army rank, and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island. * January 12 – The National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty is founded in England by Octavia Hill, Robert Hunter and Canon Hardwicke Rawnsley. * January 13 – First Italo-Ethiopian War: Battle of Coatit – Italian forces defeat the Ethiopians. * January 17 – Félix Faure is elected President of the French Republic, after the resignation of Jean Casimir-Perier. * February 9 – Mintonette, later known as volleyball, is created by William G. Morgan at Holyoke, Massachusetts. * February 11 – The lowest ever UK temperature of is recorded at Braemar, in Aberdeenshire. This record is equalled in 1982, and again in 1995. * February 14 – Oscar Wilde's last play, the comedy ''The Importance of Being Earnest'', is first shown at St Jam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Collaborators With Nazi Germany
French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with France ** French cuisine, cooking traditions and practices Fortnite French places Arts and media * The French (band), a British rock band * "French" (episode), a live-action episode of ''The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!'' * ''Française'' (film), 2008 * French Stewart (born 1964), American actor Other uses * French (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name) * French (tunic), a particular type of military jacket or tunic used in the Russian Empire and Soviet Union * French's, an American brand of mustard condiment * French catheter scale, a unit of measurement of diameter * French Defence, a chess opening * French kiss, a type of kiss involving the tongue See also * France (other) * Franch, a surname * French ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laurent Joly
Laurent Joly (born 26 July 1976) is a French historian and a specialist of Vichy France and antisemitism. Life and career Born in 1976, Joly earned a doctorate in history at the Pantheon-Sorbonne University, following a thesis on "Vichy and the Commissariat-General for Jewish Affairs (1941-1944)". He joined the CNRS The French National Centre for Scientific Research (french: link=no, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, CNRS) is the French state research organisation and is the largest fundamental science agency in Europe. In 2016, it employed 31,637 ... in 2006, and was a member of the Research Center for Quantitative History until January 2015. Joly is now a Research Director at the CNRS. He earned the "prize of the Jewish research book" in 2007. Works * ''Xavier Vallat (1891-1972) : du nationalisme chrétien à l'antisémitisme d'État''. Grasset, 2001. (). * ''Darquier de Pellepoix et l'antisémitisme français''. Berg international, 2002. (). * ''Vichy dans l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Édouard Drumont
Édouard Adolphe Drumont (3 May 1844 – 5 February 1917) was a French antisemitic journalist, author and politician. He initiated the Antisemitic League of France in 1889, and was the founder and editor of the newspaper ''La Libre Parole''. After spending years of research, he synthesised three major types of antisemitism. The first type was traditional Catholic attitudes toward the alien " Christ killers" augmented by vehement antipathy toward the French Revolution. The second type was hostility toward capitalism. The third type was so-called scientific racism, based on the argument that races have fixed characteristics, and asserting that Jews have negative characteristics. Drumont's biographer, Grégoire Kauffmann, places Drumont within the counter-revolutionary tradition of Louis Veuillot, Antoine Blanc de Saint-Bonnet, and anti-modern Catholicism. Socialist leader Jean Jaurès stated that "all the ideas and arguments of Drumont were taken from certain clerical oppone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La France Juive
''La France juive'' ("Jewish France"), subtitled ''Essai d'histoire contemporaine'' ("Essay on Contemporary History"), is an antisemitic tract published by Édouard Drumont in 1886.Michael Curtis ''Verdict on Vichy: power and prejudice in the Vichy France regime'' 2002 p. 39 "The most widely read of the three writers was Drumont (1844–1917), Catholic and royalist, who in 1886 published his vitriolic La France Juive, arguing that Jews had virtually conquered France. As a premature national-socialist appealing to ..." Publication and success A work of 1,200 pages, released in two volumes, it ran to 140 printings during the two years following its initial publication. In 1888 an abridged version of one volume was published. The book was reissued by the publisher Flammarion in 1938, then by Éditions du Trident in 1986. In 2012, it was reissued by the publishing house KontreKulture, run by the nationalist Equality and Reconciliation political group. ''La France juive'' became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maurrassisme
''Maurrassisme'' is a political doctrine originated by Charles Maurras (1868–1952), most closely associated with the ''Action française'' movement. ''Maurassisme'' advocates absolute integral nationalism, monarchism, corporatism, national syndicalism, and opposition to democracy, liberalism, capitalism, and communism. The doctrine of ''Maurrassisme'' A state of decadence ''Maurrassisme'' had as its ambition to be a counter-revolutionary doctrine, affirming the cohesion of France and its greatness. It began from a slogan "Politics first", from a postulate, patriotism, which the French Revolution had erased in preference to nationalism, and a state: for Maurras, the French society of the late 19th century was undermined by decadence and corruption. According to him, these ills arose from the Revolution and caused their paroxysm in the Dreyfus affair. Maurras' philosophical influences ranged from Plato and Aristotle to Joseph de Maistre, passing through Dante, Thomas Aquina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Antignac
Joseph Antignac (29 July 1895 – 16 July 1976), was a French soldier and businessman who served as Commissioner-General for Jewish Affair under the Vichy government between May and August 1944. Biography Joseph Antignac was born on 29 July 1895 in Bordeaux, France. Initially a soldier, he became the president of a wood-veneer and insulation company in Belgium in 1935. Fighting the Germans from 3 September 1939, he was demobilized in October 1940. A refugee in Périgueux after the Fall of France, Antignac lost his entire business in the German invasion of Belgium and decided to apply for a job in the Commissariat-General for Jewish Affair. In October 1941, he was appointed director of the Police for Jewish Affairs in Limoges. In August 1942, he became director of the Investigation and Control Section (S.E.C.) for the ''Zone libre''; then director of cabinet in the Commissariat-General for Jewish Affair from January 1943 to 1 April 1944. In April and May 1943, he wrote three re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aryanization
Aryanization (german: Arisierung) was the Nazi term for the seizure of property from Jews and its transfer to non-Jews, and the forced expulsion of Jews from economic life in Nazi Germany, Axis-aligned states, and their occupied territories. It entailed the transfer of Jewish property into " Aryan" or non-Jewish, hands. "Aryanization" is , according to Kreutzmüller and Zaltin in ''Dispossession:Plundering German Jewry, 1933-1953'', "a Nazi slogan that was used to camouflage theft and its political consequences." The process started in 1933 in Nazi Germany with transfers of Jewish property and ended with the Holocaust. Two phases have generally been identified: a first phase in which the theft from Jewish victims was concealed under a veneer of legality, and a second phase, in which property was more openly confiscated. In both cases, Aryanization corresponded to Nazi policy and was defined, supported, and enforced by Germany's legal and financial bureaucracy. Michael Bazyler ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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