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Charles Heath
Charles Theodosius Heath (1 March 1785 – 18 November 1848) was a British engraver, currency and stamp printer, book publisher and illustrator. Life and career He was the illegitimate son of James Heath, a successful engraver who enjoyed the patronage of King George III and successive monarchs. Early in life he became a fellow of the Society of British Artists, and contributed for some years to their exhibitions. The American connection Jacob Perkins the American inventor developed siderography, a steel engraving technique, and in 1809 met Joseph Chessborough Dyer, an American who moved to England and acted as Perkins's agent. Perkins went to England in 1819, with his eldest son Ebenezer and associates, to bid for a Bank of England contract to print banknotes. He gained the contract. Heath had encouraged Perkins to come to England. From 1819 Charles Heath and then (1820) his half-brother George Heath (1779–1852) were in partnership with Perkins, working with the new ...
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Heath - Silvia
A heath () is a shrubland habitat found mainly on free-draining infertile, acidic soils and characterised by open, low-growing woody vegetation. Moorland is generally related to high-ground heaths with—especially in Great Britain—a cooler and damper climate. Heaths are widespread worldwide but are fast disappearing and considered a rare habitat in Europe. They form extensive and highly diverse communities across Australia in humid and sub-humid areas where fire regimes with recurring burning are required for the maintenance of the heathlands.Specht, R.L. 'Heathlands' in 'Australian Vegetation' R.H. Groves ed. Cambridge University Press 1988 Even more diverse though less widespread heath communities occur in Southern Africa. Extensive heath communities can also be found in the Texas chaparral, New Caledonia, central Chile, and along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. In addition to these extensive heath areas, the vegetation type is also found in scattered locations across ...
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Literary Annual
Gift books, literary annuals, or keepsakes were 19th-century books, often lavishly decorated, which collected essays, short fiction, and poetry. They were primarily published in the autumn, in time for the holiday season and were intended to be given away rather than read by the purchaser. They were often printed with the date of the coming new year, but copyrighted with the actual year of publication. History Gift books first appeared in England in the 1820s. They were modelled after the long-established literary almanacs published in France and Germany such as the '' Almanach des Muses'' (1765–1833) and Schiller's ''Musen-Almanach'' (1796–1800), but lacked some of the critical prestige of their Continental counterparts.Paula R. Feldman's introduction to a re-edition of ''The Keepsake for 1829.'' Broadview Press, 2006. The first known example is Rudolph Ackermann's ''Forget Me Not'', subtitled ''a Christmas and New Year’s Present for 1823'', published in November 1822. I ...
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Richard Westall
Richard Westall (2 January 1765 – 4 December 1836) was an English painter and illustrator of portraits, historical and literary events, best known for his portraits of Byron. He was also Queen Victoria's drawing master. Biography Westall was the more successful of two half-brothers (both sons of a Benjamin Westall, from Norwich) who both became painters. His younger half-brother was William Westall (1781–1850), a much-travelled landscape painter. Born on 2 January 1765 in Reepham near Norwich (where he was baptised at All Saints on 13 January in the same year), Richard Westall moved to London after the death of his mother and the bankruptcy of his father in 1772. Westall was apprenticed to a heraldic silver engraver in 1779, where he was encouraged to become a painter by John Alefounder; he then began studying at the Royal Academy School of Arts from 10 December 1785. He exhibited at the Academy regularly between 1784 and 1836, became an Associate in November ...
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Benjamin West
Benjamin West, (October 10, 1738 – March 11, 1820) was a British-American artist who painted famous historical scenes such as '' The Death of Nelson'', ''The Death of General Wolfe'', the '' Treaty of Paris'', and '' Benjamin Franklin Drawing Electricity from the Sky''. Entirely self-taught, West soon gained valuable patronage and toured Europe, eventually settling in London. He impressed King George III and was largely responsible for the launch of the Royal Academy, of which he became the second president (after Sir Joshua Reynolds). He was appointed historical painter to the court and Surveyor of the King's Pictures. West also painted religious subjects, as in his huge work ''The Preservation of St Paul after a Shipwreck at Malta'', at the Chapel of St Peter and St Paul at the Old Royal Naval College in Greenwich, and ''Christ Healing the Sick'', presented to the National Gallery. Early life West was born in Springfield, Pennsylvania, in a house that is now in the bo ...
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Waverley Novels
The Waverley Novels are a long series of novels by Sir Walter Scott (1771–1832). For nearly a century, they were among the most popular and widely read novels in Europe. Because Scott did not publicly acknowledge authorship until 1827, the series takes its name from ''Waverley'', the first novel of the series, released in 1814. The later books bore the words "by the author of ''Waverley''" on their title pages. The ''Tales of my Landlord'' sub-series was not advertised as "by the author of ''Waverley''" and thus is not always included as part of the Waverley Novels series. Order of publication Chronological order, by setting *1097: ''Count Robert of Paris'' *1187–94: ''The Betrothed, The Talisman, Ivanhoe'' (3) *1307: ''Castle Dangerous'' *1396: ''The Fair Maid of Perth'' *1468–77: ''Quentin Durward, Anne of Geierstein'' (2) *1547–75: ''The Monastery, The Abbot, Kenilworth, The Siege of Malta'' (4) *1616–18: ''The Fortunes of Nigel'' *1644–89: ''A Legend of Montr ...
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James Henry Watt
James is a common English language surname and given name: *James (name), the typically masculine first name James * James (surname), various people with the last name James James or James City may also refer to: People * King James (other), various kings named James * Saint James (other) * James (musician) * James, brother of Jesus Places Canada * James Bay, a large body of water * James, Ontario United Kingdom * James College, a college of the University of York United States * James, Georgia, an unincorporated community * James, Iowa, an unincorporated community * James City, North Carolina * James City County, Virginia ** James City (Virginia Company) ** James City Shire * James City, Pennsylvania * St. James City, Florida Arts, entertainment, and media * ''James'' (2005 film), a Bollywood film * ''James'' (2008 film), an Irish short film * ''James'' (2022 film), an Indian Kannada-language film * James the Red Engine, a character in ''Thomas the Tank En ...
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William Henry Mote
William Henry Mote (1803–1871) was a British stipple and line engraver, primarily known for his portraits. He produced etchings for reference books, as well as original etchings. Mote became a member of the Royal Academy in his twenties and his portraits hang in the National Portrait Gallery, London. Life Mote was first mentioned in publications as working under the supervision of Charles Heath when he was sixteen or seventeen years old. He became a member of the Royal Academy when he was roughly twenty eight years old. He also was one of many engravers to sign a petition addressed to the King and the Royal Academy in 1837 to protest the limitation of engravers to distinction as "associates". His sons are listed as engravers in contemporary census records and the London Directories. It is unknown exactly how much Mote's sons worked under their father's name. He was commissioned by King George IV to produce an engraving for the Greenwich Hospital, which was presented a year af ...
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George Thomas Doo
George Thomas Doo (6 January 1800 – 13 November 1886) was an English engraver. Life Doo was born near Christ Church in Southwark, London. His teacher was Charles Heath. He went to Paris in 1825. There he studied in the ''atelier'' of Suisse, and also attended the school of Gros, according to Thompson Cooper; the ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' suggests his study under Charles-Alexandre Suisse might have been later. He acquired the techniques of drawing from the life, and passed them on to pupils in England. He took on William Duffield as a non-paying pupil, and William Thomas Roden was an apprentice. Another pupil was Thomas Leeming Grundy. In 1836 Doo was made ''Engraver in Ordinary'' to William IV, and later to Queen Victoria. At this period he worked for Francis Moon. Doo became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1851. He was made a Royal Academician in 1857. Doo died in Sutton, Surrey. Works In 1824 he published his first plate, after a portrait of Pr ...
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William Wyon
William Wyon (Birmingham 1795 – 29 October 1851), was official chief engraver at the Royal Mint from 1828 until his death. Biography Wyon was born in Birmingham and, in 1809, was apprenticed to his father, Peter Wyon who was an engraver and die sinker. In 1816, he went to London. He studied the works of John Flaxman, attended the schools of the Royal Academy, and gained a gold medal from the Society of Arts for a copy of the head of Ceres, and a second for an original group. In 1816 he was appointed assistant engraver to the mint, and in 1828 chief engraver. In 1831 he was elected associate and in 1838 full member of the Royal Academy. He died in Brighton, United Kingdom. Wyon is buried under a simple rectangular York stone slab at West Norwood Cemetery. He was the father of engraver Leonard Charles Wyon. Designs Under the influence of Flaxman, a master of relief sculpture, Wyon was a highly visible proponent of the Neoclassicist vogue. In 1834 he modelled the head of Pr ...
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Penny Black
The Penny Black was the world's first adhesive postage stamp used in a public postal system. It was first issued in the United Kingdom (referred to in philatelic circles as Great Britain), on 1 May 1840, but was not valid for use until 6 May. The stamp features a profile of Queen Victoria. In 1837, British postal rates were high, complex and anomalous. To simplify matters, Sir Rowland Hill proposed an adhesive stamp to indicate pre-payment of postage. At the time it was normal for the recipient to pay postage on delivery, charged by the sheet and on distance travelled. By contrast, the Penny Black allowed letters of up to to be delivered at a flat rate of one penny, regardless of distance. Treasury competition On 13 February 1837, Sir Rowland Hill proposed to a government enquiry both the idea of a pre-paid stamp and a pre-paid envelope, a separate sheet folded to form an enclosure for carrying letters. Hill was given a two-year contract to run the new system, and tog ...
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Henry Corbould
Henry Corbould (1787–1844) was an English artist. Life The third son of Richard Corbould, he was born in London. He studied painting with his father, and was at an early age admitted as a student of the Royal Academy, under Fuseli, where he gained the silver medal for a study from the life. While at the Academy he made the friendship of Flaxman, Stothard, West, Chantrey, and Westmacott. He several times sat as a model to West in whose picture of 'Christ Rejected' his head was painted for that of St. John; as also in that of 'Christ Healing the Sick in the Temple,' in the National Gallery. In 1808 he exhibited a painting of 'Coriolanus'; in the following year 'The Parting of Hector and Andromache,' and 'Thetis comforting Achilles,' &c.; but his name has been comparatively little before the public except as a designer for books, his time having been almost entirely occupied in making drawings from ancient marbles in the possession of various English noblemen. Those of the Wo ...
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Chronicles Of The Canongate
''Chronicles of the Canongate'' is a collection of stories by Sir Walter Scott, published in 1827 and 1828 in the Waverley novels series. They are named after the Canongate, in Edinburgh. * 1st series (1827): ** 'Chrystal Croftangry's Narrative' ** 'The Highland Widow' ** 'The Two Drovers' ** ''The Surgeon's Daughter'' * 2nd series (1828): ** ''St Valentine's Day'', or, '' The Fair Maid of Perth'' Composition After his financial ruin at the beginning of 1826, Scott committed himself to writing works that would produce funds for the Trustees of James Ballantyne & Co., including the massive ''Life of Napoleon''. However, he retained the right to produce less substantial works for his own benefit, and the first result was the collection of shorter fiction known as ''Chronicles of the Canongate''. This was in two volumes, rather than the three occupied by most of the Waverley Novels, and its disparate nature meant that it would not interfere with his official writing project. The fi ...
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