|
Certified Radio Operator (United States)
Certified Radio Operator (CRO) is a title granted to an individual in the United States who passes the examination requirements of the certification. The certification is regulated by the Society of Broadcast Engineers. The CRO title is protected by copyright laws. The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) previously required radio announcers to hold a Third-class License, which was later relaxed to simply require a Restricted Operator's Permit. There is currently no FCC requirement for radio announcer An announcer is a voice artist who relays information to the audience of a broadcast media programme or live event. Television and other media Some announcers work in television production, radio or filmmaking, usually providing narrations ...s. The Radio Operator Certification exam covers much of the information required for a Third-class license, and demonstrates proficiency in radio station operation. The SBE certifications were created to recognize individua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Test (assessment)
An examination (exam or evaluation) or test is an educational assessment intended to measure a test-taker's knowledge, skill, aptitude, physical fitness, or classification in many other topics (e.g., beliefs). A test may be administered verbally, on paper, on a computer, or in a predetermined area that requires a test taker to demonstrate or perform a set of skills. Tests vary in style, rigor and requirements. There is no general consensus or invariable standard for test formats and difficulty. Often, the format and difficulty of the test is dependent upon the educational philosophy of the instructor, subject matter, class size, policy of the educational institution, and requirements of accreditation or governing bodies. A test may be administered formally or informally. An example of an informal test is a reading test administered by a parent to a child. A formal test might be a final examination administered by a teacher in a classroom or an IQ test administered by a psych ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Professional Certification
Professional certification, trade certification, or professional designation, often called simply ''certification'' or ''qualification'', is a designation earned by a person to assure qualification to perform a job or task. Not all certifications that use post-nominal letters are an acknowledgement of educational achievement, or an agency appointed to safeguard the public interest. Overview A certification is a third-party attestation of an individual's level of knowledge or proficiency in a certain industry or profession. They are granted by authorities in the field, such as professional societies and universities, or by private certificate-granting agencies. Most certifications are time-limited; some expire after a period of time (e.g., the lifetime of a product that required certification for use), while others can be renewed indefinitely as long as certain requirements are met. Renewal usually requires ongoing education to remain up-to-date on advancements in the field, evid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Society Of Broadcast Engineers
The Society of Broadcast Engineers (SBE) is a professional organization for engineers in broadcast radio and television. The SBE also offers certification in various radio frequency and video and audio technology areas for its members. Background The organization was founded in 1964. The society elected its first female president, Andrea Cummis, in 2021. Certifications Operator Level Certifications * Certified Radio Operator (CRO) * Certified Television Operator (CTO) Broadcast Networking Certifications * Certified Broadcast Networking Technologist (CBNT) * Certified Broadcast Networking Engineer (CBNE) Engineer Level Certifications * Certified Broadcast Technologist (CBT) * Certified Audio Engineer (CEA) * Certified Video Engineer (CEV) * Certified Broadcast Radio Engineer (CBRE) * Certified Broadcast Television Engineer (CBTE) * Certified Senior Broadcast Radio Engineer (CSRE) * Certified Senior Broadcast Television Engineer (CSTE) * Certified Professional Broadcast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copyright Laws
A copyright is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the exclusive right to copy, distribute, adapt, display, and perform a creative work, usually for a limited time. The creative work may be in a literary, artistic, educational, or musical form. Copyright is intended to protect the original expression of an idea in the form of a creative work, but not the idea itself. A copyright is subject to limitations based on public interest considerations, such as the fair use doctrine in the United States. Some jurisdictions require "fixing" copyrighted works in a tangible form. It is often shared among multiple authors, each of whom holds a set of rights to use or license the work, and who are commonly referred to as rights holders. These rights frequently include reproduction, control over derivative works, distribution, public performance, and moral rights such as attribution. Copyrights can be granted by public law and are in that case considered "territorial rig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Communications Commission
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is an independent agency of the United States federal government that regulates communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable across the United States. The FCC maintains jurisdiction over the areas of broadband access, fair competition, radio frequency use, media responsibility, public safety, and homeland security. The FCC was formed by the Communications Act of 1934 to replace the radio regulation functions of the Federal Radio Commission. The FCC took over wire communication regulation from the Interstate Commerce Commission. The FCC's mandated jurisdiction covers the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the territories of the United States. The FCC also provides varied degrees of cooperation, oversight, and leadership for similar communications bodies in other countries of North America. The FCC is funded entirely by regulatory fees. It has an estimated fiscal-2022 budget of US $388 million. It has 1,482 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Radiotelephone Operator License
The General Radiotelephone Operator License (GROL) is a license granted by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) that is required to operate certain radio equipment. It is required for any person who adjusts, maintains, or internally repairs FCC licensed radiotelephone transmitters in the aviation, maritime, and international fixed public radio services. It is also required to operate any compulsorily equipped ship radiotelephone station with more than 1,500 watts of peak envelope power, a voluntarily equipped ship, or an aeronautical (including aircraft) station with more than 1,000 watts of peak envelope power. The GROL is not required for engineering jobs in radio and television broadcasting. It is obtained by taking a test demonstrating an adequate knowledge of the technical and legal aspects of safe radio operation. The GROL is the most common FCC commercial license, accounting for about 80% of those issued by the commission, because of the wide range of positions tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amateur Radio License
Amateur radio, also known as ham radio, is the use of the radio frequency spectrum for purposes of non-commercial exchange of messages, wireless experimentation, self-training, private recreation, radiosport, contesting, and emergency communications. The term "amateur" is used to specify "a duly authorised person interested in radioelectric practice with a purely personal aim and without pecuniary interest;" (either direct monetary or other similar reward) and to differentiate it from commercial broadcasting, public safety (such as police and fire), or professional two-way radio services (such as maritime, aviation, taxis, etc.). The amateur radio service (''amateur service'' and '' amateur-satellite service'') is established by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) through the Radio Regulations. National governments regulate technical and operational characteristics of transmissions and issue individual station licenses with a unique identifying call sign, which mus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radio Announcer
An announcer is a voice artist who relays information to the audience of a broadcast media programme or live event. Television and other media Some announcers work in television production, radio or filmmaking, usually providing narrations, news updates, station identification, or an introduction of a product in television commercials or a guest on a talk show. Music television announcers were also called video jockeys (VJ). Announcers are often voice actors who read prepared scripts, but in some cases, they have to ad-lib commentary on the air when presenting news, sports, weather, time, and television commercials. Occasionally, announcers are also involved in writing the screenplay or scripts when one is required. Sometimes announcers also interview guests and moderate panels or discussions. Some provide commentary for the audience during sporting events known as sports announcers, parades, and other events. Announcers perform a variety of tasks including presenting news, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Professional Licensure In The United States
In the United States, the state governments have jurisdiction for issuing most professional licenses to individuals and corporations. In areas that naturally cross states' borders, the national government may be the issuer. Thus the Federal Aviation Administration certificates pilots and other aviation related professionals, such as mechanics and instructors. The Federal Communications Commission certifies persons operating and repairing amateur and many (depending on their power and frequencies) commercial radio transmitters. The Environmental Protection Agency requires that technicians recycling Freon be examined. In many of these areas the federal government approves organizations (and for the FAA designated pilot examiners) to test and certify applicants who meet its standards. Fields that are regulated and licensed vary among individual states. Among regulated fields are health care professionals (medical doctors, nurses); psychologists; lawyers; teachers; engineers; soci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Post-nominal Letters
Post-nominal letters are letters placed after the name of a person to indicate that the individual holds a position, office, or honour. An individual may use several different sets of post-nominal letters. Honours are listed first in descending order of precedence, followed by degrees and memberships of learned societies in ascending order. Some obsolete positions are not listed unless recipients who continue to use the post-nominals even after the order becomes obsolete are still living. Antigua and Barbuda Australia Barbados Belgium Brunei Cambodia Canada Hong Kong Ireland Italy Jamaica Malaysia * List of post-nominal letters (Malaysia) by alphabetical order Post-nominal letters of the Federal Authority and Federal Territories: * List of post-nominal letters (Malaysia) Post-nominal letters of sultanates: * List of post-nominal letters (Johor) * List of post-nominal letters (Kedah) * List of post-nominal letters (Kelantan) * List of post-nomin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
