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Ceratopsoidea
Ceratopsia or Ceratopia ( or ; Greek: "horned faces") is a group of herbivorous, beaked dinosaurs that thrived in what are now North America, Europe, and Asia, during the Cretaceous Period, although ancestral forms lived earlier, in the Jurassic. The earliest known ceratopsian, ''Yinlong downsi'', lived between 161.2 and 155.7 million years ago.Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2011) ''Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages,'Winter 2010 Appendix./ref> The last ceratopsian species, ''Triceratops prorsus'', became extinct during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, . ''Triceratops'' is by far the best-known ceratopsian to the general public. It is traditional for ceratopsian genus names to end in "''-ceratops''", although this is not always the case. One of the first named genera was ''Ceratops'' itself, which lent its name to the group, although it is considered a ''nomen dubium'' today as its fossil remains have no distinguishing characte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Graciliceratops
''Graciliceratops'' (meaning "slender horn") is a genus of Ceratopsia#Phylogeny, neoceratopsian dinosaurs that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous period. Discovery and naming The holotype, ZPAL MgD-I/156, was discovered at the Bayan Shireh Formation in Mongolia, coming from the Sheeregeen Gashoon locality near Sainshand. The discoveries were made during field exploration by the Polish-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition, in 1971. Four years later, in 1975, the specimen was described by Teresa Maryańska and Halszka Osmólska and referred to the genus ''Microceratops''. However, Paul Sereno noted that the referral for this specimen was injustified and overall, the genus lacked diagnosis, therefore, ''Microceratops'' (now named ''Microceratus'') was considered a nomen dubium. The referred specimen was redescribed by him, creating a new genus and species: ''Graciliceratops mongoliensis''. The holotype is fragmentary, consisting of a very fragmented skull with mandibles; ver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Craspedodon
''Craspedodon'' (meaning 'edge tooth') is an extinct genus of ornithischian dinosaur, possibly a ceratopsian. It lived during the Late Cretaceous (Santonian stage, around 85 million years ago), in what is now Belgium. Only a few teeth have ever been found, which were described as similar to those of ''Iguanodon''. ''Craspedodon lonzeensis'', described by Louis Dollo in 1883,Dollo, L., 1883, "Note sur les restes de dinosauriens rencontrées dans le Crétacé supérieure de la Belgique", ''Bulletin du Musée royale d' Histoire naturelle de Belgique, 2: 205-221 is the type species, although it is considered a ''nomen dubium'' since it is based on fragmentary material (teeth only). It was long thought to be an iguanodontian, but a 2007 restudy suggested that it was actually a neoceratopsian, perhaps closer to Ceratopsoidea than Protoceratopsidae. If the reidentification is correct, ''Craspedodon'' would be the first neoceratopsian known from Europe. See also * Timeline of ceratops ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aquilops
''Aquilops'' is an early herbivorous ceratopsian dinosaur dating from the Early Cretaceous of North America, approximately 109 million to 104 million years ago. The type species is ''A. americanus''. Description The skull is 84.2 mm long. The holotype is possibly not from a full-grown individual. A comparison with related species indicates it might have been at 60% of its adult length. Wedel estimated the total body length of ''Aquilops'' at 60 cm and its weight at 1.5 kg. The authors established some unique traits. The rostral, the bone core of the snout beak, curves downwards and has an arched keel on its top with a bump on the front. In front of the tooth row the upper jaw rim is over its total length concave in side view. The skull opening, the antorbital fenestra, is twice as long as it is tall and has a pointed rear, below the eye socket. Discovery and naming In 1997, paleontologist Scott Madsen found the single fossil, a partial skull, in Carbon County ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Jurassic
The Late Jurassic is the third epoch of the Jurassic Period, and it spans the geologic time from 163.5 ± 1.0 to 145.0 ± 0.8 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic strata.Owen 1987. In European lithostratigraphy, the name "Malm" indicates rocks of Late Jurassic age. In the past, ''Malm'' was also used to indicate the unit of geological time, but this usage is now discouraged to make a clear distinction between lithostratigraphic and geochronologic/chronostratigraphic units. Subdivisions The Late Jurassic is divided into three ages, which correspond with the three (faunal) stages of Upper Jurassic rock: Paleogeography During the Late Jurassic Epoch, Pangaea broke up into two supercontinents, Laurasia to the north, and Gondwana to the south. The result of this break-up was the spawning of the Atlantic Ocean. However, at this time, the Atlantic Ocean was relatively narrow. Life forms of the epoch This epoch is well known for many famous types of dinosau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archaeoceratops
''Archaeoceratops'', meaning "ancient horned face", is a genus of basal neoceratopsian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian stage) of north central China. It appears to have been bipedal and quite small, reaching in length and in body mass. It had a comparatively large head but no horns, possessing only a small bony frill projecting from the back of its head. Discovery and species Two specimens were found in the Middle Gray Unit of the Xinminbao Group, Gongpoquan Basin of the Mazong Shan area of Gansu Province, north central China. The type species, ''A. oshimai'', was named by Dong Zhiming and Azuma in 1997. It is the first basal neoceratopsian discovered in this area. The type specimen, IVPP V11114, consists of a partially complete skeleton including skull, caudal vertebrae, pelvis, and most of a hind foot. The second specimen (paratype), IVPP V11115, consists of an incomplete skeleton with a relatively well preserved caudal series, a partial hind limb, and a co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Notoceratops
''Notoceratops'' (meaning "southern horned face") is a dubious genus of extinct ornithischian dinosaur based on an incomplete, toothless left dentary (now lost) from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia (in Argentina), probably dating to the Campanian or Maastrichtian. It was most likely a ceratopsian and it was found in the Lago Colhué Huapi Formation. Discovery and naming In 1918, palaeontologist Augusto Tapia (1893–1966) discovered the genus holotype. He also named the type species, ''N. bonarellii'' (originally spelt as ''Notoceratops Bonarelli''), in 1918. The generic name is derived from Greek ''notos'', "the south", ''keras'', "horn" and ''ops'', "face". The specific name honours Guido Bonarelli (1871-1951), who advised Tapia in his study of the find. By present conventions the epithet is spelled ''bonarellii'', thus without a capital B. In many later publications the specific name is misspelled "bonarelli", with a single "i", from the incorrect assumption it would be de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serendipaceratops
''Serendipaceratops'' (meaning "serendipitous horned face") is a genus of herbivorous ornithischian dinosaur, possibly an ankylosaur, from the early Cretaceous Period of Australia. The type species, ''S. arthurcclarkei'', was named in 2003. Discovery and species The first known bone from ''Serendipaceratops'', an ulna (lower arm bone), was in 1993 discovered in Australia near Kilcunda, on the south-east coast of Victoria. The find took place during the "Dinosaur Cove" project, uncovering remains at the basis of a cliff face at the shoreline; the fossil was excavated in the "Arch", a small area of sea-floor protected from the waves by a dam. In 2003, the type species ''Serendipaceratops arthurcclarkei'' was named and described by Tom Rich and Patricia Vickers-Rich.T. Rich and P. Vickers-Rich. 2003. Protoceratopsian? ulnae from Australia. ''Records of the Queen Victoria Museum Launceston'' 113:1-12 Initially, the discoverers had not considered the possibility that the fossil migh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helioceratops
''Helioceratops'' is a genus of herbivorous neoceratopsian dinosaur from the Middle Cretaceous of China. Discovery and naming In 2000 and 2002, at the Liufangzi site of China's eastern Jilin province, excavations took place during which the jaws were found of a ceratopsian new to science. The type species ''Helioceratops brachygnathus'' was named and described in 2009 by Jin Liyong, Chen Jun, Zan Shuqin and Pascal Godefroit. The generic name means "sun horned face" from the Greek ''helios'', "sun", ''keras'', "horn" and ''ops'', "face". The reference is that the Sun rises in the East and ceratopsians also "rose" in the East; i.e. they originated in the Orient. The name also refers to a close relationship with '' Auroraceratops'', the "dawn ceratopian". The specific name means "short jaw" from the Greek βραχύς, ''brachys'' and γνάθος, ''gnathos'', in reference to the distinguishing short lower jaw. ''Helioceratops'' was discovered in a layer of the Quantou Forma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microceratus
''Microceratus'' (meaning "small-horned") is a genus of small ceratopsian dinosaur that lived in the Cretaceous period in Asia. It walked on two legs, had short front arms, a characteristic ceratopsian frill and beak-like mouth, and was around long. It was one of the first ceratopsians, or horned dinosaurs, along with ''Psittacosaurus'' in Mongolia. Discovery The type species, ''Microceratops gobiensis'', was first described by Bohlin in 1953, and so was the second species, ''M. sulcidens'', which may belong to ''Asiaceratops'' instead. However, the generic name was already preoccupied by an ichneumon wasp (subfamily Cryptinae) with the same name. Though much of the material has since been reassigned to the genus ''Graciliceratops'', a replacement name ''Microceratus'' was created by Mateus in 2008 for the type specimen. Classification ''Microceratus'' belonged to the Ceratopsia (Ancient Greek for "horned face"), a group of herbivorous dinosaurs with parrot-like beaks which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yamaceratops
''Yamaceratops'' is a genus of primitive ceratopsian that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous period in what is now the Javkhlant Formation. Initially, the rocks where it was found in were thought to be from the Early Cretaceous, but the age was reevaluated in 2009. It was a relatively small dinosaur, reaching in length and in body mass. The type species, ''Yamaceratops dorngobiensis'', was described by P. J. Makovicky and M. A. Norell in September, 2006. The authors consider the animal to have had an intermediate phylogenetic position between ''Liaoceratops'' and '' Archaeoceratops'' within Neoceratopia. Examination of the frill of ''Yamaceratops'' has convinced the authors that the frill was not used for display, and that the fossils " intat a more complex evolutionary history for ceratopsian frills." The genus name refers to Yama, a Tibetan Buddhist deity; the species name to the Eastern Gobi. The holotype IGM 100/1315 consists of a partial skull; other material h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leptoceratopsidae
Leptoceratopsidae is an extinct family of neoceratopsian dinosaurs from Asia, North America and Europe. Leptoceratopsids resembled, and were closely related to, other neoceratopsians, such as the families Protoceratopsidae and Ceratopsidae, but they were more primitive and generally smaller. Phylogeny Leptoceratopsidae was originally named by Franz Nopcsa von Felső-Szilvás in 1923 as a subfamily Leptoceratopsinae, and its type species is ''Leptoceratops gracilis''. Mackovicky, in 2001, defined it as a stem-based taxon and a family consisting of ''Leptoceratops gracilis'' and all species closer to ''Leptoceratops'' than to ''Triceratops horridus''.Makovicky, P.J. 2001. A ''Montanoceratops cerorhynchus'' (Dinosauria: Ceratopsia) braincase from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation of Alberta, In: Tanke, D.H. & Carpenter, K. (Eds.). ''Mesozoic Vertebrate Life''. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Pp. 243-262. The cladogram below follows the topologies from a 2015 analysis by Yiming ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
