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Ceratodontiformes
Ceratodontoidei is a suborder of lungfish that is defined as "the clade including all taxa more closely related to ''Lepidosiren'', '' Neoceratodus'' and '' Gnathorhiza'' than to '' Uronemus'', '' Conchopoma'' and ''Sagenodus''". Members of this suborder are known as ceratodontoids. The only presently extant lungfish in the families Neoceratodontidae and Lepidosirenidae belong to this suborder. Taxonomy The suborder was formerly defined as being within the order Ceratodontiformes and including the families Neoceratodontidae and Ceratodontidae, as they were formerly thought to be closely related to one another. However, phylogenetic analyses indicate that this classification is paraphyletic, as Ceratodontidae was found to be a sister group to a clade containing Lepidosirenidae, which was formerly classified as Lepidosireniformes, a distinct order from Ceratodontiformes. Due to this, Lepidosireniformes and Ceratodontiformes were redefined as families within the order Dipnoi, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceratodontiformes
Ceratodontoidei is a suborder of lungfish that is defined as "the clade including all taxa more closely related to ''Lepidosiren'', '' Neoceratodus'' and '' Gnathorhiza'' than to '' Uronemus'', '' Conchopoma'' and ''Sagenodus''". Members of this suborder are known as ceratodontoids. The only presently extant lungfish in the families Neoceratodontidae and Lepidosirenidae belong to this suborder. Taxonomy The suborder was formerly defined as being within the order Ceratodontiformes and including the families Neoceratodontidae and Ceratodontidae, as they were formerly thought to be closely related to one another. However, phylogenetic analyses indicate that this classification is paraphyletic, as Ceratodontidae was found to be a sister group to a clade containing Lepidosirenidae, which was formerly classified as Lepidosireniformes, a distinct order from Ceratodontiformes. Due to this, Lepidosireniformes and Ceratodontiformes were redefined as families within the order Dipnoi, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lungfish
Lungfish are freshwater vertebrates belonging to the order Dipnoi. Lungfish are best known for retaining ancestral characteristics within the Osteichthyes, including the ability to breathe air, and ancestral structures within Sarcopterygii, including the presence of lobed fins with a well-developed internal skeleton. Lungfish represent the closest living relatives of the tetrapods. Today there are only six known species of lungfish, living in Africa, South America, and Australia. The fossil record shows that lungfish were abundant since the Triassic. While vicariance would suggest this represents an ancient distribution limited to the Mesozoic supercontinent Gondwana, the fossil record suggests advanced lungfish had a widespread freshwater distribution and the current distribution of modern lungfish species reflects extinction of many lineages subsequent to the breakup of Pangaea, Gondwana and Laurasia. Lungfish have historically been referred to as salamanderfish, but this t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lungfish
Lungfish are freshwater vertebrates belonging to the order Dipnoi. Lungfish are best known for retaining ancestral characteristics within the Osteichthyes, including the ability to breathe air, and ancestral structures within Sarcopterygii, including the presence of lobed fins with a well-developed internal skeleton. Lungfish represent the closest living relatives of the tetrapods. Today there are only six known species of lungfish, living in Africa, South America, and Australia. The fossil record shows that lungfish were abundant since the Triassic. While vicariance would suggest this represents an ancient distribution limited to the Mesozoic supercontinent Gondwana, the fossil record suggests advanced lungfish had a widespread freshwater distribution and the current distribution of modern lungfish species reflects extinction of many lineages subsequent to the breakup of Pangaea, Gondwana and Laurasia. Lungfish have historically been referred to as salamanderfish, but this t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dipnoi
Lungfish are freshwater vertebrates belonging to the order Dipnoi. Lungfish are best known for retaining ancestral characteristics within the Osteichthyes, including the ability to breathe air, and ancestral structures within Sarcopterygii, including the presence of lobed fins with a well-developed internal skeleton. Lungfish represent the closest living relatives of the tetrapods. Today there are only six known species of lungfish, living in Africa, South America, and Australia. The fossil record shows that lungfish were abundant since the Triassic. While vicariance would suggest this represents an ancient distribution limited to the Mesozoic supercontinent Gondwana, the fossil record suggests advanced lungfish had a widespread freshwater distribution and the current distribution of modern lungfish species reflects extinction of many lineages subsequent to the breakup of Pangaea, Gondwana and Laurasia. Lungfish have historically been referred to as salamanderfish, but th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ceratodontidae
Ceratodontidae is an extinct family of lungfish with fossils known from the earliest Triassic to the Eocene. Taxonomy Although the extant Queensland lungfish was formerly also classified in this family due to its similar appearance, phylogenetic evidence indicates that it belongs in a different family, Neoceratodontidae. Despite the family's name, Neoceratodontidae actually diverged from other lungfish earlier than Ceratodontidae did, although both are estimated to have diverged during the Late Carboniferous along with the rest of Ceratodontoidei. Due to diverging later, Ceratodontidae is also closer to the crown group of the suborder Ceratodontoidei (which contains the extinct Gnathorhizidae and the extant Lepidosirenidae) than Neoceratodontidae is. Ceratodontidae serves as a sister group to a clade containing Ptychoceratodontidae, Lepidosirenidae, and Gnathorhizidae, whereas Neoceratodontidae is a sister group to the clade of Ceratodontidae and the other three families. Ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Permian
The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.9 Mya. It is the last period of the Paleozoic Era; the following Triassic Period belongs to the Mesozoic Era. The concept of the Permian was introduced in 1841 by geologist Sir Roderick Murchison, who named it after the region of Perm in Russia. The Permian witnessed the diversification of the two groups of amniotes, the synapsids and the sauropsids ( reptiles). The world at the time was dominated by the supercontinent Pangaea, which had formed due to the collision of Euramerica and Gondwana during the Carboniferous. Pangaea was surrounded by the superocean Panthalassa. The Carboniferous rainforest collapse left behind vast regions of desert within the continental interior. Amniotes, which could better cope with these drier conditions, rose to dominance in place of their am ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pennsylvanian (geology)
The Pennsylvanian ( , also known as Upper Carboniferous or Late Carboniferous) is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy, ICS geologic timescale, the younger of two period (geology), subperiods (or upper of two system (stratigraphy), subsystems) of the Carboniferous Period. It lasted from roughly . As with most other geochronology, geochronologic units, the stratum, rock beds that define the Pennsylvanian are well identified, but the exact date of the start and end are uncertain by a few hundred thousand years. The Pennsylvanian is named after the U.S. state of Pennsylvania, where the coal-productive beds of this age are widespread. The division between Pennsylvanian and Mississippian (geology), Mississippian comes from North American stratigraphy. In North America, where the early Carboniferous beds are primarily marine limestones, the Pennsylvanian was in the past treated as a full-fledged geologic period between the Mississippian and the Permian. In parts of Europe, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gnathorhizidae
The Gnathorhizidae are an extinct family of lungfish that lived from the late Carboniferous until the middle Triassic. Gnathorhizid fossils have been found in North America, Madagascar, Australia, and possibly Eastern Europe and South Africa. They are characterized by high-ridged toothplates that form cutting blades and a reduction in cranial bones. Taxonomy Phylogenetic evidence supports Gnathorhizidae being the sister group to the extant family Lepidosirenidae, which still lives in South America and Africa. The clade containing Gnathorhizidae and Lepidosirenidae is the crown group of the suborder Ceratodontoidei, which also contains the extant family Neoceratodontidae and many other extinct families. Distribution Gnathorhizids are found in North America, Eastern Europe, Australia, and Africa. Gnathorhizids from North America range from the Gzhelian through the Roadian. In Africa, gnathorhizids are found in Olenekian of Madagascar and possibly South Africa. Lungfish t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ptychoceratodontidae
''Ptychoceratodus'' is an extinct genus of lungfish living from Early Triassic to Middle Jurassic. It was established by Otto Jaekel for one species (''P. runcinatus''), transferred from ''Ceratodus'' genus. Type species is ''P. serratus'' from the Middle Triassic of Switzerland and Germany. ''Ptychoceratodus'' had two pairs of massive dental plates, bearing 4-6 acute ridges. Its skull roof was composed from massive, plate-like bones. In the central part of skull roof was localized an unossified fenestra. Most of the ''Ptychoceratodus'' findings are isolated dental plates, some associated with jaws. Other parts of skull or postcranial skeleton are relatively rarely found as fossils. The anatomy of skull is the best recognized in ''P. serratus'', whereas less complete cranial material is available also for ''P. concinuus, P. phillipsi,'' and ''P. rectangulus''. Although ''Ptychoceratodus'' is known exclusively from the Triassic and Jurassic, there were also Cretaceous specimens ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferganoceratodus
''Ferganoceratodus'' is a genus of prehistoric lungfish known from the Jurassic and possibly Early Cretaceous of Asia. It is a basal member of the suborder Ceratodontoidei. Despite only being known from Mesozoic-aged rocks, phylogenetic analyses indicate that it diverged from the rest of the suborder around 300 million years ago, during the late Carboniferous. Species The following species are currently classified in the genus: * †''Ferganoceratodus annekempae'' Cavin, Deesri & Chanthasit, 2020 (named after Anne Kemp) Phu Kradung Formation, Thailand, Late Jurassic-?earliest Cretaceous * †''Ferganoceratodus jurassicus'' Nessov and Kaznyshkin, 1985 Balabansai Formation The Balabansai Formation (sometimes transcribed Balabansay, also known as Balabansai Svita) is a geological formation in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan whose strata date back to the Bathonian and Callovian stages of the Middle Jurassic. D ..., Kyrgyzstan, Middle Jurassic. * †''Ferganoceratodu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraceratodus
''Paraceratodus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric lungfish. Only one species, ''P. germaini'', is known from the latest Permian or earliest Triassic period of Madagascar. Phylogenetic evidence supports it being the most basal member of the suborder Ceratodontoidei, which contains modern lungfish, and as with the rest of the order it likely diverged during the late Carboniferous. See also * Sarcopterygii * List of sarcopterygians * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College Albert A. List College of Jewish Studies, known simply as List College, is the undergraduate school of the J ... References Prehistoric lobe-finned fish genera {{paleo-lobefinned-fish-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister Group
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other extant or extinct descendants of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), form a monophyletic group, the clade AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the leaves and among larger, more deeply rooted clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same taxonomic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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