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Cephalopod Dermal Structures
Cephalopods exhibit various dermal structures on their mantles and other parts. These may take the form of conspicuous warts, cushions, papillae or scales, though in many species they are microscopic tubercles.Young, R.E., M. Vecchione & K.M. Mangold (2001)Cephalopod Mantle Armature Tree of Life Web Project. The most elaborate forms are found among the oceanic squid of the order Teuthida.Roper, C.F.E. & C.C. Lu (1990). ''Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology'', Number 493: 1–40. Morphology and composition Most cephalopod dermal structures take the form of tubercles, and these are the only cartilaginous dermal structures (the various "dermal cushions" being composed of other forms of connective tissue). All three main types of cartilage found in vertebrates are represented among the different squid species: hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage. Tubercles of hyaline cartilage are primarily associated with cranchiid or glass squid. The vast majority of cephalopod dermal struc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lepidoteuthis Grimaldii
''Lepidoteuthis grimaldii'', also known as the Grimaldi scaled squid, is a large squid growing to 1 m in mantle length. It is named after the Grimaldi family, reigning house of Monaco. Prince Albert I of Monaco was an amateur teuthologist who pioneered the study of deep sea squids by collecting the 'precious regurgitations' of sperm whales. The Grimaldi scaled squid was first collected from the stomach contents of a sperm whale.Albert 1er of Monaco. "Notes sur un Cachalot." ''Bulletin du Muséum d’histoire naturelle'' 1895, no. 8. It is a widely distributed species in tropical and subtropical areas of the North and South Atlantic, the southern Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, where it has been recorded off Japan and in the west Pacific. File:LepidoJoubin2.jpg, Syntype (86 cm ML) File:Lepidoteuthis grimaldii scales.jpg, Closeup of the mantle scales File:Lepidoteuthis grimaldii gladius.jpg, Gladius See also *Cephalopod size Cephalopods vary enormously in si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cranchia Scabra
''Cranchia scabra'' is a species of glass squid. It is the only species in the genus, and is fairly small (about 150 mm). The mantle is covered by large, multi-pointed cartilagenous tubercles. When disturbed, the squid often pulls its head and arms into the mantle cavity and folds its fins tightly against the mantle to form a turgid ball. The tubercules, presumably, provide some type of protection, but it is unclear what predators are affected and how. In addition, the squid may ink Ink is a gel, sol, or solution that contains at least one colorant, such as a dye or pigment, and is used to color a surface to produce an image, text, or design. Ink is used for drawing or writing with a pen, brush, reed pen, or quill. Thicker ... into the mantle cavity, making the ball opaque. This was thought to be an aberrant behavior due to stress and confinement of shipboard aquaria until the same inking behavior was seen in cranchiids from submersibles. The function of this behavior i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brachioteuthis
''Brachioteuthis'' is a genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ... of squid comprising five species. The genus contains bioluminescent species. Species *'' Brachioteuthis beanii'' *'' Brachioteuthis behnii'' *'' Brachioteuthis bowmani'' * *'' Brachioteuthis picta'', ornate arm squid *'' Brachioteuthis riisei'', common arm squid The species listed above with an asterisk (*) is questionable and needs further study to determine if it is a valid species or a synonym. References External links Squid Taxa named by Addison Emery Verrill Cephalopod genera Bioluminescent molluscs {{squid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chondrocyte
Chondrocytes (, from Greek χόνδρος, ''chondros'' = cartilage + κύτος, ''kytos'' = cell) are the only cells found in healthy cartilage. They produce and maintain the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of collagen and proteoglycans. Although the word ''chondroblast'' is commonly used to describe an immature chondrocyte, the term is imprecise, since the progenitor of chondrocytes (which are mesenchymal stem cells) can differentiate into various cell types, including osteoblasts. Development From least- to terminally-differentiated, the chondrocytic lineage is: # Colony-forming unit-fibroblast # Mesenchymal stem cell / marrow stromal cell # Chondrocyte # Hypertrophic chondrocyte Mesenchymal ( mesoderm origin) stem cells are undifferentiated, meaning they can differentiate into a variety of generative cells commonly known as osteochondrogenic (or osteogenic, chondrogenic, osteoprogenitor, etc.) cells. When referring to bone, or in this case cartilage, the ori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pholidoteuthis Massyae
''Pholidoteuthis'' is a genus of squid in the monotypic family Pholidoteuthidae, comprising at least two species. The defunct genus ''Tetronychoteuthis'' was previously incorporated into Pholidoteuthidae based upon a singular taxon known as ''Tetronychoteuthis massyae''. Following the discovery of ''Pholidoteuthis boschmai'' in 1950, ''T. massaye'' was placed into ''Pholidoteuthis'', with ''Tetronoychoteuthis'' considered a '' nomen dubium''. ''P. boschmai'' is now considered a junior synonym of '' P. massyae''.O'Shea, S., G. Jackson & K.S. Bolstad 2007. ''Rev. Fish Biol. Fisheries'' 17: 425–435. Species *'' Pholidoteuthis adami'' Voss Voss () is a municipality and a traditional district in Vestland county, Norway. The administrative center of the municipality is the village of Vossevangen. Other villages include Bolstadøyri, Borstrondi, Evanger, Kvitheim, Mjølfjell, ..., 1956 *'' Pholidoteuthis massyae'' (Pfeffer, 1912) – coffeebean scaled squid Refer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pholidoteuthidae
''Pholidoteuthis'' is a genus of squid in the monotypic family Pholidoteuthidae, comprising at least two species. The defunct genus ''Tetronychoteuthis'' was previously incorporated into Pholidoteuthidae based upon a singular taxon known as ''Tetronychoteuthis massyae''. Following the discovery of ''Pholidoteuthis boschmai'' in 1950, ''T. massaye'' was placed into ''Pholidoteuthis'', with ''Tetronoychoteuthis'' considered a '' nomen dubium''. ''P. boschmai'' is now considered a junior synonym of '' P. massyae''.O'Shea, S., G. Jackson & K.S. Bolstad 2007. ''Rev. Fish Biol. Fisheries'' 17: 425–435. Species *''Pholidoteuthis adami'' Voss, 1956 *''Pholidoteuthis massyae ''Pholidoteuthis'' is a genus of squid in the monotypic family Pholidoteuthidae, comprising at least two species. The defunct genus ''Tetronychoteuthis'' was previously incorporated into Pholidoteuthidae based upon a singular taxon known as ''Te ...'' (Pfeffer, 1912) – coffeebean scaled squid Referen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pholidoteuthis Adami
''Pholidoteuthis'' is a genus of squid in the monotypic family Pholidoteuthidae, comprising at least two species. The defunct genus ''Tetronychoteuthis'' was previously incorporated into Pholidoteuthidae based upon a singular taxon known as ''Tetronychoteuthis massyae''. Following the discovery of ''Pholidoteuthis boschmai'' in 1950, ''T. massaye'' was placed into ''Pholidoteuthis'', with ''Tetronoychoteuthis'' considered a '' nomen dubium''. ''P. boschmai'' is now considered a junior synonym of '' P. massyae''.O'Shea, S., G. Jackson & K.S. Bolstad 2007. ''Rev. Fish Biol. Fisheries'' 17: 425–435. Species *'' Pholidoteuthis adami'' Voss, 1956 *''Pholidoteuthis massyae ''Pholidoteuthis'' is a genus of squid in the monotypic family Pholidoteuthidae, comprising at least two species. The defunct genus ''Tetronychoteuthis'' was previously incorporated into Pholidoteuthidae based upon a singular taxon known as ''Te ...'' (Pfeffer, 1912) – coffeebean scaled squid Refere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mastigoteuthis Hjorti
''Idioteuthis hjorti'' is a species of whip-lash squid The Mastigoteuthidae, also known as whip-lash squid, are a family of small deep-sea squid. Approximately 20 known species in six genera are represented, with members found in both the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zone of most oceans. Originally d .... itis.gov. Accessed October 23, 2012. References External links Tree of Life web project: ''Idioteuthis hjorti'' Whip-lash squid [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mastigoteuthidae
The Mastigoteuthidae, also known as whip-lash squid, are a family of small deep-sea squid. Approximately 20 known species in six genera are represented, with members found in both the mesopelagic and bathypelagic zone of most oceans. Originally described by Verill in 1881, it was later lowered by Chun (1920) to a subfamily (Mastigoteuthinae) of the Chiroteuthidae. However, Roper et al. (1969) raised it back to the family level, and this has not been changed since. The taxonomy of this family is extremely unstable, and there have been at times one genus (Young, Lindgren, & Vecchione, 2008), two genera and four subgenera(Salcedo-Vargas & Okutani, 1994), two genera and several 'groups' (Salcedo-Vargas, 1997), five genera (Braid, McBride, & Bolstad, 2014) and one species with an uncertain placement, or six genera (Young, Vecchione, & Braid, 2014). Description Mastigoteuthids range in size from quite small species in the genus '' Mastigoteuthis'', to relatively gigantic sizes in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mastigoteuthis Cordiformis
''Idioteuthis cordiformis'' is a species of whip-lash squid found in tropical regions of the west Pacific Ocean. The species is commonly known as the 'love-heart squid' because the species name ''cordiformis'' is Latin for 'heart shaped'. Recently, this species has been found to consume small birdbeak dogfish. Description ''Idioteuthis cordiformis'' is a large, deep-sea species that attains a mantle length (body length) of over one meter in length.Braid, 2013 Although multiple specimens have been carefully observed, they are often damaged during capture. Therefore, different authorities have described variations in the colouration of this species: pale flesh-pink, yellowish with small reddish-brown chromatophores, dark purple pigmentation with purple chromatophores overlaid with greyish tubercles, or having thickly crowded deep brownish chromatophores. In life, these animals appear dark red or purple Like all squids, it has eight arms. Like other species in this family, it also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liocranchia Reinhardti
''Liocranchia reinhardti'' is a deep sea squid. It grows to long and lives up to deep. It is found worldwide in tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ... and subtropical waters. References External linksTree of Life web project: ''Liocranchia reinhardti'' Squid Cephalopods described in 1856 {{squid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lepidoteuthidae
''Lepidoteuthis grimaldii'', also known as the Grimaldi scaled squid, is a large squid growing to 1 m in mantle length. It is named after the Grimaldi family, reigning house of Monaco. Prince Albert I of Monaco was an amateur teuthologist who pioneered the study of deep sea squids by collecting the 'precious regurgitations' of sperm whales. The Grimaldi scaled squid was first collected from the stomach contents of a sperm whale.Albert 1er of Monaco. "Notes sur un Cachalot." ''Bulletin du Muséum d’histoire naturelle'' 1895, no. 8. It is a widely distributed species in tropical and subtropical areas of the North and South Atlantic, the southern Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, where it has been recorded off Japan and in the west Pacific. File:LepidoJoubin2.jpg, Syntype (86 cm ML) File:Lepidoteuthis grimaldii scales.jpg, Closeup of the mantle scales File:Lepidoteuthis grimaldii gladius.jpg, Gladius See also *Cephalopod size Cephalopods vary enormously in si ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
