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Central Union Of Commercial Employees
The Central Union of Commercial Employees (german: Zentralverband der Handlungsgehilfen, ZdH) was a trade union representing white collar commercial workers in Germany. The union was founded on the 5 July 1897, and launched the journal ''Handlungsgehilfenblatt''. It affiliated to the General Commission of German Trade Unions. Initially, it had just 253 members, and by 1904 this had only risen to 1,386. In 1912, the union moved its headquarters to Berlin. On 1 January 1913, the Union of Warehouse Workers merged in. The union became divided between anti- and pro-World War I tendencies, with president Otto Urban trying to maintain a middle course. The end of the war led to a boom in membership, which by 1918 had reached 66,228. In 1919, it was a founding constituent of the General German Trade Union Federation, but in October, it merged with the Union of Office Employees of Germany, to form the Central Union of Employees. Presidents :1897: Gustav Segnitz :1902: Max Josephson : ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trade Union
A trade union (labor union in American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers intent on "maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment", ch. I such as attaining better wages and benefits (such as holiday, health care, and retirement), improving working conditions, improving safety standards, establishing complaint procedures, developing rules governing status of employees (rules governing promotions, just-cause conditions for termination) and protecting the integrity of their trade through the increased bargaining power wielded by solidarity among workers. Trade unions typically fund their head office and legal team functions through regularly imposed fees called ''union dues''. The delegate staff of the trade union representation in the workforce are usually made up of workplace volunteers who are often appointed by members in democratic elections. The trade union, through an elected leadership and bargaining committee, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White-collar Worker
A white-collar worker is a person who performs professional, desk, managerial, or administrative work. White-collar work may be performed in an office or other administrative setting. White-collar workers include job paths related to government, consulting, academia, accountancy, business and executive management, customer support, design, engineering, market research, finance, human resources, operations research, marketing, public relations, information technology, networking, law, healthcare, architecture, and research and development. Other types of work are those of a grey-collar worker, who has more specialized knowledge than those of a blue-collar worker, whose job requires manual labor. Etymology The term refers to the white dress shirts of male office workers common through most of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in Western countries, as opposed to the blue overalls worn by many manual laborers. The term "white collar" is credited to Upton Sinclair, an Amer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Commission Of German Trade Unions
The General Commission of German Trade Unions (german: Generalkommission der Gewerkschaften Deutschlands) was an umbrella body for German trade unions during the German Empire, from the end of the Anti-Socialist Laws in 1890 up to 1919. In 1919, a successor organisation was named the Allgemeiner Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund, and then in 1949, the current Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund was formed. History In January 1890, the Reichstag refused to extend the Anti-Socialist Laws which had prohibited socialist political parties and trade unions. Despite this, many of those trade unions which did exist, the Free Trade Unions (Germany), Free Trade Unions, had come to work closely with the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). Large celebrations marked May Day in 1890. In Hamburg, employers Lockout (industry), locked out workers who took the day off. In response, the various unions representing metal and engineering workers called for a union conference, to look at the implications of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fighting occurring throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. Millions more died in genocides within the Ottoman Empire and in the 1918 influenza pandemic, which was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. Prior to 1914, the European great powers were divided between the Triple Entente (comprising France, Russia, and Britain) and the Triple Alliance (containing Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy). Tensions in the Balkans came to a head on 28 June 1914, following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Urban
Otto Urban (25 March 1877 – 31 March 1947) was a German trade unionist. Born in Berlin, Urban completed an apprenticeship as a commercial assistant. He then became an accountant, before moving to become an agent. In 1896, he joined the Free Union of Merchants of Berlin, and moved to work for Albrecht & Meister. In 1903, he became his union's first member of staff, with particular responsibility for its finances. From 1904, he represented the union on the Berlin Trades Council, and in 1908, he was elected as its treasurer. This experience led him to start campaigns in his own union, against on Sundays or after 20:00, and for the rights of women workers. The union became the Central Union of Commercial Employees, and in 1912, it moved its headquarters to Berlin. Urban was elected as its new president, defeating Paul Richter, the executive's preferred candidate. The majority of the executive opposed World War I, and although Urban supported the Socialist Party of Germa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General German Trade Union Federation
The General German Trade Union Federation (german: Allgemeiner Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund, ADGB) was a confederation of German trade unions in Germany founded during the Weimar Republic. It was founded in 1919 and was initially powerful enough to organize a general strike in 1920 against a right-wing coup d'état. After the 1929 Wall Street crash, the ensuing global financial crisis caused widespread unemployment. The ADGB suffered a dramatic loss of membership, both from unemployment and political squabbles. By the time the Nazis seized control of the government, the ADGB's leadership had distanced itself from the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and was openly cooperating with Nazis in an attempt to keep the organization alive. Nonetheless, on May 2, 1933, the SA and SS stormed the offices of the ADGB and its member trade unions, seized their assets and arrested their leaders, crushing the organization. History The ADGB was founded on July 5, 1919 [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Union Of Office Employees Of Germany
The Union of Office Employees of Germany (german: Verbandes der Bureauangestellten Deutschlands) was a trade union representing office workers in Germany. The union was founded in 1895 as the Central Union of Office Employees in Germany, on the initiative of the Free Union of Office Employees in Berlin and the Surrounding Area. The union affiliated to the General Commission of German Trade Unions, but struggled to grow. On founding, it had 200 members, and by 1904, this had only risen to 703. In 1908, the union absorbed the larger Union of Health Insurance Administrative Officers, and on the initiative of new leader Karl Giebel, it also set up a pension fund. It thereafter grew rapidly, reaching 5,783 members by 1910, and 27,804 by 1918. In 1919, it was a founding affiliate of the General German Trade Union Federation, but in October, it merged with the Central Union of Commercial Employees, to form the Central Union of Employees. Presidents :1895: Gustav Bauer Gustav Adolf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Union Of Employees
The Central Union of Employees (german: Zentralverband der Angestellten, ZdA) was a trade union representing white collar, private sector workers in Germany. The union was founded on 9 September 1919 at a conference in Weimar, when the Central Union of Commercial Employees merged with the Union of Office Employees of Germany, and the Union of Insurance Workers. It affiliated to the General German Trade Union Confederation (ADGB), and by 1920 had 363,521 members. On 29 May 1921, the Workers' Union of the Book and Newspaper Industry also joined the ZdA, while the German Union of Lawyers and Notaries joined in 1922. In 1921, the ZdA became a founding constituent of the General Federation of Free Employees, leaving the AGDB, but remaining aligned with it through the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). In the same year, it was a founding affiliate of the International Federation of Commercial, Clerical, Professional and Technical Employees (FIET), and its joint leader became th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Max Josephson
Max Josephson (29 January 1868 – 2 February 1938) was a German trade union leader. Born to a Jewish family in Oberbarnim, Josephson became an office assistant in Hamburg, and in 1892 was a founder of a small trade union, initially aiming to reduce the number of apprentices in the trade. He was appointed as the auditor of the union and, although he initially hoped that the union was stay out of politics, he accepted a decision to align with the Free Trade Unions, which were linked to the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). The union did not initially grow, so at the start of 1893, Josephson proposed that it was dissolved. The proposal was voted down, and he was instead elected as vice president, in which role he argued the unions should campaign for shorter working hours and no work on Sundays or public holidays. In 1894, he was elected as president of the union, and by this time, he was also coming to prominence in the Hamburg Trades Council. In 1895, he joined ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clerical Trade Unions
Clerical may refer to: * Pertaining to the clergy * Pertaining to a clerical worker * Clerical script, a style of Chinese calligraphy * Clerical People's Party See also * Cleric (other) Cleric is a member of the clergy. Cleric may also refer to: * Cleric (band), an American avant-garde metal band *Cleric (character class), a character class in fantasy role playing games **Cleric (Dungeons & Dragons), the specific character class ... * Clerk (other) {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trade Unions Established In 1897
Trade involves the transfer of goods and services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. Economists refer to a system or network that allows trade as a market. An early form of trade, barter, saw the direct exchange of goods and services for other goods and services, i.e. trading things without the use of money. Modern traders generally negotiate through a medium of exchange, such as money. As a result, buying can be separated from selling, or earning. The invention of money (and letter of credit, paper money, and non-physical money) greatly simplified and promoted trade. Trade between two traders is called bilateral trade, while trade involving more than two traders is called multilateral trade. In one modern view, trade exists due to specialization and the division of labour, a predominant form of economic activity in which individuals and groups concentrate on a small aspect of production, but use their output in trades for other produc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trade Unions Disestablished In 1919
Trade involves the transfer of goods and services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. Economists refer to a system or network that allows trade as a market. An early form of trade, barter, saw the direct exchange of goods and services for other goods and services, i.e. trading things without the use of money. Modern traders generally negotiate through a medium of exchange, such as money. As a result, buying can be separated from selling, or earning. The invention of money (and letter of credit, paper money, and non-physical money) greatly simplified and promoted trade. Trade between two traders is called bilateral trade, while trade involving more than two traders is called multilateral trade. In one modern view, trade exists due to specialization and the division of labour, a predominant form of economic activity in which individuals and groups concentrate on a small aspect of production, but use their output in trades for other products an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
