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Central Advisory Council
The , lead=yes was the name given to bodies established by the Japanese military administration in Java and Sumatra in 1943 during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies to notionally provide Indonesians with popular representation. Background In early 1942, the Japanese invaded the Dutch East Indies, overrunning the archipelago in less than two months. The Dutch in Java surrendered on March 8. Initially, Indonesians welcomed the Japanese as liberators from the colonial regime. The Japanese divided the countries into three regions: Sumatra was under the 25th Army, Java and Madura under the 16th Army and Borneo and eastern Indonesia were controlled by Imperial Japanese Navy. The Japanese came to realize that if they wanted to exploit the nation's resources, they would have to give something back to the people in return, especially given the repressive nature of the occupation regime. The administration therefore decided to work with prominent Indonesian nationalists, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kunrei-shiki Romanization
is the Cabinet-ordered romanization system for transcribing the Japanese language into the Latin alphabet. Its name is rendered ''Kunreisiki rômazi'' in the system itself. Kunrei-shiki is sometimes known as the Monbushō system in English because it is taught in the Monbushō-approved elementary school curriculum. The ISO has standardized Kunrei-shiki, under ISO 3602. Kunrei-shiki is based on the older Nihon-shiki romanization, which was modified for modern standard Japanese. For example, the word かなづかい, romanized ''kanadukai'' in Nihon-shiki, is pronounced ''kanazukai'' in standard modern Japanese and is romanized as such in Kunrei-shiki. The system competes with the older Hepburn romanization system, which was promoted by the SCAP during the Allied occupation of Japan, after World War II. History Before World War II, there was a political conflict between supporters of Hepburn romanisation and supporters of the Nihon-shiki romanisation. In 1930, a board of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soeroso
Raden Panji Soeroso ( EYD: Suroso) (born in Porong, Sidoarjo, East Java, Dutch East Indies, 3 November 1893 - died in Indonesia, 16 May 1981 at the age of 87 years) was a politician, Sarekat Islam activist, and a National Hero of Indonesia. He served as Governor of Central Java and Minister of Public Works and Manpower under the Great Indonesia Party. He was also a vice chairman of the BPUPK and a member of PPKI. He was the founder of the Civil Servants Cooperative Republic of Indonesia. Soeroso was born in Porong, Sidoarjo, East Java, Dutch East Indies. Soeroso was posthumously honored as an Indonesian National Hero through a Presidential Decree issued on October 23, 1986. He died in Indonesia. Personal life One of his sons was Raden Panji Soejono (1926–present), an antiquities expert and senior archaeologist in Indonesia. Soejono is professor of prehistoric archeology at several universities in Indonesia. Among others: University of Indonesia, Gadjah Mada University ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Saipan
The Battle of Saipan was a battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II, fought on the island of Saipan in the Mariana Islands from 15 June to 9 July 1944 as part of Operation Forager. It has been referred to as the "Pacific D-Day" with the invasion fleet departing Pearl Harbor on 5 June 1944, the day before Operation Overlord in Europe was launched, and launching nine days after. The U.S. 2nd Marine Division, 4th Marine Division, and the Army's 27th Infantry Division, commanded by Lieutenant General Holland Smith, defeated the 43rd Infantry Division of the Imperial Japanese Army, commanded by Lieutenant General Yoshitsugu Saitō. The loss of Saipan, with the deaths of at least 29,000 troops and heavy civilian casualties, precipitated the resignation of Prime Minister of Japan Hideki Tōjō and left the Japanese archipelago within the range of United States Army Air Forces B-29 bombers. Background In the campaigns of 1943 and the first half of 1944, the Allies had ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saipan
Saipan ( ch, Sa’ipan, cal, Seipél, formerly in es, Saipán, and in ja, 彩帆島, Saipan-tō) is the largest island of the Northern Mariana Islands, a Commonwealth (U.S. insular area), commonwealth of the United States in the western Pacific Ocean. According to 2020 estimates by the United States Census Bureau, the population of Saipan was 43,385, a decline of 10% from its 2010 count of 48,220. The legislative and executive branches of Commonwealth government are located in the village of Capitol Hill, Saipan, Capitol Hill on the island while the judicial branch is headquartered in the village of Susupe. Since the entire island is organized as a single municipality, most publications designate Saipan as the Commonwealth's capital. As of 2015, Saipan's mayor is David M. Apatang and the governor of the Northern Mariana Islands is Ralph Torres. History Prehistory Traces of human settlements on Saipan have been found by archaeologists ranging over 4,000 years, includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesia Raya
"" (; "Great Indonesia") is the national anthem of Indonesia. It has been the national anthem since the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence on 17 August 1945. The song was introduced by its composer, Wage Rudolf Supratman, on 28 October 1928 during the Youth Pledge in Jakarta. The song marked the birth of the all-archipelago nationalist movement in Indonesia that supported the idea of one single "Indonesia" as successor to the Dutch East Indies, rather than split into several colonies. The first newspaper to openly publish the musical notation and lyrics of "Indonesia Raya" — an act of defiance towards the Dutch authorities — was the Chinese Indonesian weekly ''Sin Po (newspaper)''. The first stanza of "Indonesia Raya" was chosen as the national anthem when Indonesia proclaimed its independence on 17 August 1945. Jozef Cleber, a Dutch composer, created an arrangement of the tune for philharmonic orchestra in on August 17, 1950 AD when the island of Sumatra became an i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of Indonesia
The Flag of Indonesia is a simple bicolor with two horizontal bands, red (top) and white (bottom) with an overall ratio of 2:3. It was introduced and hoisted in public during the proclamation of independence on 17 August 1945 at 56 Proklamasi Street (formerly Pegangsaan Timur Street) in Jakarta, and again when the Dutch formally transferred sovereignty on 27 December 1949. The design of the flag has remained unchanged since. The flag of Indonesia is graphically similar to the flag of Monaco, with a slight difference in the shade of red, and ratio of its dimensions. The flag of Poland has similar dimensions but has the colours reversed: white on top and red on the bottom. In both, the red is of a slightly darker shade. The "Naval Jack of Indonesia" is reserved for sole use by the Indonesian Navy. It flies from the jackstaff of every active Indonesian warship while anchored or moored pierside and on special occasions. The design of the jack is described as nine alternating ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hideki Tojo
Hideki Tojo (, ', December 30, 1884 – December 23, 1948) was a Japanese politician, general of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA), and convicted war criminal who served as prime minister of Japan and president of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association for most of World War II. He assumed several more positions including chief of staff of the Imperial Army before ultimately being removed from power in July 1944. During his years in power, his leadership was marked by extreme state-perpetrated violence in the name of Japanese ultranationalism, much of which he was personally involved in. Hideki Tojo was born on December 30, 1884, to a relatively low-ranking samurai family in the Kōjimachi district of Tokyo. He began his career in the Army in 1902 and steadily rose through the ranks to become a general by 1934. In March 1937, he was promoted to chief of staff of the Kwantung Army whereby he led military operations against the Chinese in Inner Mongolia and the Chahar-Suiya ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor
An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereignty, sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), mother (empress dowager), or a woman who rules in her own right and name (empress regnant). Emperors are generally recognized to be of the highest monarchic honour, honor and royal and noble ranks, rank, surpassing kings. In Europe, the title of Emperor has been used since the Middle Ages, considered in those times equal or almost equal in dignity to that of Pope due to the latter's position as visible head of the Church and spiritual leader of the Catholic part of Western Europe. The Emperor of Japan is the only currently List of current sovereign monarchs, reigning monarch whose title is translated into English as "Emperor". Both emperors and kings are monarchs or sovereigns, but both emperor and empress are considered the higher monarch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sosrodiningrat V
Sosrodiningrat V (1 December 1902 – 8 February 1967) was a nobleman within the Surakarta Sunanate, serving as its ''pepatih dalem'' between 1939 and 1945. He was also a member of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence. Early life and education Sosrodiningrat was born Sawarno on 1 December 1902 in Surakarta. His father, Djojonagaro, was ''patih'' under Surakarta's Sunanate. Sawarno was educated at an '' Europeesche Lagere School'' in Surakarta, before continuing to a '' Hogere Burgerschool'' in Semarang and graduating in 1913. Afterwards, Sawarno studied in the Netherlands, at the Delft Institute of Technology. However, his engineering studies were interrupted by the First World War, and after it ended in 1918 Sawarno moved to Leiden University to study public administration. Graduating with his bachelors in 1921, he returned to the Indies in 1922. Career After returning, he became a civil servant within the colonial government, first in Boyolali befo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yap Tjwan Bing
Yap Tjwan Bing (1910-1988) was an Indonesian politician active in the Indonesian independence movement. Life and career Bing was born in Kediri, son of a Chinese Indonesian merchant. He trained in pharmacy in Amsterdam (1932-1939) and subsequently returned to Indonesia to work in Bandung. He was a member of the Central Advisory Council during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies. In 1945, he was the sole Chinese member of the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI). After the declaration of Indonesian independence in 1945, he moved to Yogyakarta, where he founded the Chung Hwa Chung Hwee-Central in support of Indonesian independence. In 1948, he merged this organization into the Persatuan Tionghoa. He became a member of the Partai Nasional Indonesia (PNI) and sat in the Indonesian parliament until 1955. He was one of the first members of the Ikatan Apotheker Indonesia (founded in 1955). In May 1963, his house and car were burnt by a mob in an anti- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Yamin
Mohammad Yamin (24 August 1903 – 17 October 1962) was an Indonesian poet, politician and national hero who played a key role in the writing of the draft preamble to the 1945 constitution. Early life and education Yamin was born on 28 August 1903 in Talawi, Sawahlunto on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. He was educated at Dutch schools for natives, firstly at a Hollandsch-Inlandsche School, then at a Algemene Middelbare School in Yogyakarta. In 1932 he obtained a law degree in Jakarta. In the early 1930s, Yamin was active in journalist circles, joining the editorial board of the newspaper ''Panorama'', together with Liem Koen Hian, Sanusi Pane and Amir Sjarifuddin. In mid-1936, together with his colleagues Liem, Pane and Sjarifuddin, Yamin started another newspaper, ''Kebangoenan'' (1936–1941), which—as with ''Panorama''—was published by Phoa Liong Gie's Siang Po Printing Press. Literary legacy Yamin began his literary career as a writer in the 1920s, when Indone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johannes Latuharhary
Johannes Latuharhary (6 July 1900 – 8 November 1959) was an Indonesian politician and nationalist of Moluccan descent, who served as the first Indonesian governor of Maluku from 1945 until 1955, though he did not assume office in Maluku until 1950. A Protestant Christian, Latuharhary was an early proponent of Moluccan inclusion in the Indonesian state and he was an active participant in the struggle for Indonesia's independence. Born in Ullath, Saparua, Latuharhary moved to Batavia to pursue higher education, before receiving a scholarship to study at Leiden University. Upon his return to the East Indies, he worked as a judge in East Java and began participating in the Indonesian nationalist movement through the Ambonese diaspora association ''Sarekat Ambon''. He later resigned from his position as judge and became an advocate and politician, merging the ''Sarekat'' with the mainstream movement of Indonesian nationalism after initial rifts caused by the issue of religion ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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