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Cemal Azmi
Cemal Azmi (1868 – April 17, 1922), also spelled Jemal Azmi, was an Ottoman politician and governor of the Trebizond (now Trabzon) Vilayet (province) during World War I and the final years of the Ottoman Empire. He was one of the perpetrators of the Armenian genocide and was mainly responsible for the liquidation of Armenians in Trebizond Vilayet. He was known as the "butcher of Trebizond". Family Cemal Azmi was born in Arapgir, Ottoman Empire, in 1868. His father, Osman Nuri Bey, was a title agent and his mother's name was Gülsüm. In 1891 he studied at the ''Mulkiye Mektep''. Role in the Armenian genocide Azmi was one of the founders of the Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa (Special Organization). Many members of this organization eventually participated in the Turkish national movement and played special roles in the Armenian Genocide. Just prior to World War I, Azmi became the governor of Trebizond on July 7, 1914. During the Armenian Genocide in 1915, Azmi continued serving hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arapgir
Arapgir ( hy, Արաբկիր; ku, Erebgir) is a town and district of Malatya Province, Turkey. As of 2000 it had a population of 17,070 people. It is situated at the confluence of the eastern and western Euphrates, but some miles from the right bank of the combined streams. Arapgir is connected with Sivas by a ''chaussée'', prolonged to the Euphrates river. The present town was built in the mid-19th century, but about 2 miles north-east is the old town, now called Eskişehir ("old city" in Turkish). Demographics Arapgir town is populated by Kurds. In descending order of population, the district is populated by Turks and Kurds and also historically had an Armenian population. Composition History Arapgir is a market town and received significant Seljuk Turkish arrivals in the 12th century. Population According to Donald Quataert, Arapgir in the 1880s was made up of 4,802 Muslim and 1,200 Armenian households, with a total population of about 29,000 persons. According to a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Google Books
Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) is a service from Google Inc. that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition (OCR), and stored in its digital database.The basic Google book link is found at: https://books.google.com/ . The "advanced" interface allowing more specific searches is found at: https://books.google.com/advanced_book_search Books are provided either by publishers and authors through the Google Books Partner Program, or by Google's library partners through the Library Project. Additionally, Google has partnered with a number of magazine publishers to digitize their archives. The Publisher Program was first known as Google Print when it was introduced at the Frankfurt Book Fair in October 2004. The Google Books Library Project, which scans works in the collections of library partners and adds them to the digital invent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People Convicted By The Ottoman Special Military Tribunal
A person ( : people) is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of property, or legal responsibility. The defining features of personhood and, consequently, what makes a person count as a person, differ widely among cultures and contexts. In addition to the question of personhood, of what makes a being count as a person to begin with, there are further questions about personal identity and self: both about what makes any particular person that particular person instead of another, and about what makes a person at one time the same person as they were or will be at another time despite any intervening changes. The plural form "people" is often used to refer to an entire nation or ethnic group (as in "a people"), and this was the original meaning of the word; it subsequently acquired its use as a plural form of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trabzon During The Armenian Genocide
Trebizond (now Trabzon) was a city in the Ottoman Empire where the Armenian genocide occurred. The method employed to kill was mainly by mass drowning, resulting in estimated deaths of 50,000 Armenians. The city was also an important location of subsequent trials held to prosecute those involved with the systematic massacre. Background The city was the site of one of the key battles between the Ottoman and Russian armies during the Caucasus Campaign of World War I which resulted in the capture of Trebizond by the Russian Caucasus Army under command of Grand Duke Nicholas and Nikolai Yudenich in April 1916. The Russian Army retreated from the city and the rest of eastern and northeastern Anatolia with the Russian Revolution of 1917. The genocide Eitan Belkind was a Nili member who infiltrated the Ottoman army as an official. He was assigned to the headquarters of Camal Pasha. He claimed to have witnessed the burning of 5,000 Armenians, Lt. Hasan Maruf, of the Ottoman army, desc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Committee Of Union And Progress
The Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) ( ota, اتحاد و ترقى جمعيتی, translit=İttihad ve Terakki Cemiyeti, script=Arab), later the Union and Progress Party ( ota, اتحاد و ترقى فرقهسی, translit=İttihad ve Terakki Fırkası, script=Arab), was a secret revolutionary organization and political party active between 1889 and 1926 in the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey. The foremost faction within the Young Turk movement, it instigated the 1908 Young Turk Revolution, which ended absolute monarchy and began the Second Constitutional Era. From 1913 to 1918, the CUP ruled the empire as a one-party state and committed genocides against the Armenian, Greek, and Assyrian peoples as part of a broader policy of ethnic erasure during the late Ottoman period. The CUP was associated with the wider Young Turk movement, and its members have often been referred to as Young Turks, although the movement produced other political parties as well. Within t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bahattin Şakir
Baha al-Din or Bahaa ad-Din ( ar, بهاء الدين, Bahāʾ al-Dīn, splendour of the faith), or various variants like Bahauddin, Bahaeddine or (in Turkish) Bahattin, may refer to: Surname * A. K. M. Bahauddin, Bangladeshi politician and the Member of Parliament from Comilla *Salaheddine Bahaaeddin (born 1950), Kurdish Iraqi politician Middle name *AFM Bahauddin Nasim, Bangladeshi politician and former Member of Parliament from Madaripur Given name * Bahaedin Adab (1945–2007), Iranian Kurdish politician and engineer *Bahauddin Baha (born 1942), contemporary Afghan judge *Bahauddin Dagar (born 1970), Indian musician * Mufti Baha-ud-din Farooqi, contemporary Indian judge *Bahaddin Gaziyev (born 1965), Azerbaijani journalist *Rafic Hariri, full name: Rafic Baha El Deen Al-Hariri (1944–2005), Lebanese businessman and politician * Bahaa el-Din Ahmed Hussein el-Akkad (born 1949), Egyptian former Muslim sheikh who converted to Christianity *Qawwal Bahauddin Khan (1934–2006), P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arshavir Shirakian
Arshavir Shirakian (also Shiragian, hy, Արշաւիր Շիրակեան; January 1, 1902 or 1900 – April 12, 1973) was an Armenians, Armenian killer who was noted for his assassination of Said Halim Pasha and Cemal Azmi as an act of vengeance for their roles in the Armenian genocide. His memoirs, ''It was the Will for the Martyrs'' (Կտակն էր Նահատակներուն), is a description of his life during the Armenian genocide and the Operation Nemesis. Life Arshavir Shirakian was born in Constantinople, Ottoman Empire, in 1900. Shirakian grew up around many members of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. During the Armenian Genocide, Shirakian was entrusted the job of smuggling weapons and delivering secret messages amongst party members. Shirakian would describe in his memoirs that during those days, there were many hate rallies against Armenians and that many Armenian establishments were vandalized such as the Tokatlian Hotels, Tokatlian Hotel.Arshavir Shiragian, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aram Yerganian
Aram Yerganian ( hy, Արամ Երկանեան; 20 May 1900 – 2 August 1934) was an Armenian revolutionary who was noted for his assassination of Behaeddin Sakir and Fatali Khan Khoyski as an act of vengeance for their roles in the Armenian genocide and the massacre of Armenians in Baku respectively. He is considered an Armenian national hero. Early life Aram Yerganian was born in Erzurum on 20 May 1900. He was the third child of Sarkis Yerganian and Mariam Soghoyan-Yerganian. He attended a local school in Erzurum. Yerganian, who witnessed the Armenian genocide, sought refuge in the Caucasus. In 1917 he enlisted for the Armenian volunteer detachments and fought for General Dro in the Battle of Bash Abaran. After the victory over the Ottoman forces and the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Armenia in 1918, Yerganian enlisted in Operation Nemesis, the covert operation led by a special body of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation aimed at assassinating all key org ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Nemesis
Operation Nemesis () was a program to assassinate both Ottoman perpetrators of the Armenian genocide and officials of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic), or simply as Azerbaijan in Paris Peace Conference, 1919–1920,''Bulletin d'Information de l'Azerbaidjan'', No. I, September 1, 1919, pp. 6–7''125 H.C.Debs.'', 58., February 24, 1920, p. 1467. Caucasian A ... responsible for the massacre of Armenians during the September Days of 1918 in Baku. Masterminded by Shahan Natalie, Armen Garo, and Aaron Sachaklian, it was named after the Greek goddess of divine retribution, Nemesis (mythology), Nemesis. Between 1920 and 1922, a clandestine cell of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation carried out seven killings, the best-known being the assassination of Talaat Pasha, the main orchestrator of the Armenian genocide, by Armenian Soghomon Tehlirian in March 1921 in Berlin. Background The Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) was active within ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giresun
Giresun (), formerly Cerasus (Ancient Greek: Κερασοῦς, Greek: Κερασούντα), is the provincial capital of Giresun Province in the Black Sea Region of northeastern Turkey, about west of the city of Trabzon. Etymology Giresun was known to the ancient Greeks as ''Choerades'' or more prominently as Kerasous or Cerasus ( grc, Κερασοῦς), the origin of the modern name. The name Kerasous corresponds to κερασός (kerasós) " cherry" + -ουντ (a place marker). Thus, the Greek root of the word "cherry", κερασός (kerasós), predates the name of the city, and the ultimate origin of the word cherry (and thus the name of the city) is probably from a Pre-Greek substrate, likely of Anatolian origin, given the intervocalic σ in Κερασοῦς and the apparent cognates of it found in other languages of the region. Another theory derives Kerasous from κέρας (keras) "horn" + -ουντ (a place marker), for the prominent horn-shaped peninsula tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samsun
Samsun, historically known as Sampsounta ( gr, Σαμψούντα) and Amisos (Ancient Greek: Αμισός), is a List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, city on the north coast of Turkey and is a major Black Sea port. In 2021, Samsun recorded a population of 710,000 people. The city is the provincial capital of Samsun Province which has a population of 1,356,079. The city is home to Ondokuz Mayıs University, several hospitals, three large shopping malls, Samsunspor football club, an opera and a large and modern manufacturing district. A former Greeks, Greek settlement, the city is best known as the place where Mustafa Kemal Atatürk began the Turkish War of Independence in 1919. Name The present name of the city is believed to have come from its former Greek name of () by a Rebracketing#In Greek, reinterpretation of (meaning "to Amisós") and (Greek suffix for place names) to (: ) and then Samsun (). The early Greek historian Hecataeus of Miletus, Hecataeus wrote t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hafiz Mehmet
Hafiz () or Hafez may refer to: * Hafiz (Quran), a term used by Muslims for people who have completely memorized the Qur'an ** ''Al-Ḥafīẓ'', one of the names of God in Islam, meaning "the Ever-Preserving/ Guardian/ All-Watching/ Protector" People * Hafiz (name), including a list of people with the name * Hafez, a 14th-century Persian mystic and poet. Sometimes credited as "Hafiz" or "Hafiz of Shiraz" * Hafiz, starring role played by actor Ronald Coleman in ''Kismet'' (1944 film) *Abdel Halim Hafez, Egyptian singer Places * Hafez, Iran, a village in East Azerbaijan Province, Iran * Tomb of Hafez, one of two memorial structures in Shiraz, Iran, erected in memory of the Persian poet Hafez Others * ''Hafez'' (opera), 2013 Persian-language opera by Behzad Abdi * Hafiz (horse), French Thoroughbred racehorse * ''Hafís'' (drift ice), work for choir and orchestra by Jón Leifs * Al-Hafez, Salafi Islamist channel from Egypt. * Hafez Awards Hafez Awards is an annual awards cer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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