Cavicularia Densa

	Cavicularia Densa ''Cavicularia densa'' is the only species in the liverwort genus ''Cavicularia''. The species was first described in 1897 by Franz Stephani, and is endemic to Japan, where it grows on fine moist soil. Plants are thalloid and flattened, with distinct upper and lower surfaces and a faint central strand. Thin scales grow from the underside in two rows, and in the region between the scales and the central strand are small ear-shaped ''domatia'' which harbor colonies of the blue-green alga ''Nostoc''. The plants are dioicous, with the male antheridia and female archegonia produced by separate plants. Plants may also reproduce asexually from multicellular gemmae produced in crescent-shaped receptacles on the thallus surface. The spores are spherical and apolar, with a surface devoid of ornamentation except for tiny papillae. Gametophyte development is endosporic, so that cell divisions begin inside the spore wall. This pattern of development is normally found in liverworts from xeri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Franz Stephani Franz Stephani (15 April 1842 – 23 February 1927) was a German bryologist specializing in liverworts. This botanist is denoted by the author abbreviation when citing a botanical name. Stephani was born in Berlin, Province of Brandenburg, in 1842. He attended and graduated from the Königliches Gymnasium, whereupon he began training to be a businessman in the wool-spinning industry. He worked both in a toy shop, and in a publishing house. In 1869, he married Marie Kell, daughter of the novelist Julius Kell and had two children. By the age of 34, Stephani began publishing papers on the subject of liverworts. He never attended university, and it is not known how his interest in bryology was sparked. Stephani is most remembered for his ''Species Hepaticarum'', a six-volume attempt to catalog all of the world's species of liverworts and hornworts. In 1894 Stephani met with M. W. Barbey-Boissier, son-in-law of Edmond Boissier Pierre Edmond Boissier (25 May 1810 Geneva – 25 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Sporophyte A sporophyte () is the diploid multicellular stage in the life cycle of a plant or alga which produces asexual spores. This stage alternates with a multicellular haploid gametophyte phase. Life cycle The sporophyte develops from the zygote produced when a haploid egg cell is fertilized by a haploid sperm and each sporophyte cell therefore has a double set of chromosomes, one set from each parent. All land plants, and most multicellular algae, have life cycles in which a multicellular diploid sporophyte phase alternates with a multicellular haploid gametophyte phase. In the seed plants, the largest groups of which are the gymnosperms and flowering plants (angiosperms), the sporophyte phase is more prominent than the gametophyte, and is the familiar green plant with its roots, stem, leaves and cones or flowers. In flowering plants the gametophytes are very reduced in size, and are represented by the germinated pollen and the embryo sac. The sporophyte produces spores (hence t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Blasiales Blasiales is an order of liverworts with a single living family and two species. The order has traditionally been classified among the Metzgeriales, but molecular cladistics suggests a placement at the base of the Marchantiopsida. Taxonomy * Blasiales Stotler & Crandall-Stotler 2000 Blasiaceae von Klinggräff 1858 * ''Blasia'' Linnaeus 1753 ** ''Blasia pusilla'' Linnaeus 1753 * ''Cavicularia'' Stephani 1897 non Pavesi 1881 ** ''Cavicularia densa'' Stephani 1897 †Treubiitaceae Schuster 1980 * †''Treubiites ''Treubiites kidstonii'' is a fossil species of liverworts in the family Treubiitaceae. The only known fossils come from Late Carboniferous deposits of Shropshire, England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It sh ...'' Schuster 1966 †''Treubiites kidstonii'' (Walton 1925) Schuster 1966 References External links Liverwort Tree of Life Liverwort orders {{Bryophyte-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Endemic Flora Of Japan Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can be also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or in scientific literature as an ''endemite''. For example '' Cytisus aeolicus'' is an endemite of the Italian flora. '' Adzharia renschi'' was once believed to be an endemite of the Caucasus, but it was later discovered to be a non-indigenous species from South America belonging to a different genus. The extreme opposite of an endemic species is one with a cosmopolitan distribution, having a global or widespread range. A rare alternative term for a species that is endemic is "precinctive", which applies to s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Bulletin De L'Herbier Boissier Bulletin or The Bulletin may refer to: Periodicals (newspapers, magazines, journals) * Bulletin (online newspaper), a Swedish online newspaper * ''The Bulletin'' (Australian periodical), an Australian magazine (1880–2008) ** Bulletin Debate, a famous dispute from 1892 to 1893 between Henry Lawson and Banjo Paterson * ''The Bulletin'' (alternative weekly), an alternative weekly published in Montgomery County, Texas, U.S. * ''The Bulletin'' (Bend), a daily newspaper in Bend, Oregon, U.S. * ''The Bulletin'' (Belgian magazine), a weekly English-language magazine published in Brussels, Belgium * ''The Bulletin'' (Philadelphia newspaper), a newspaper in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. (2004–2009) * ''The Bulletin'' (Norwich) * ''The Bulletin'' (Pittsburgh), a monthly community newspaper in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S. * ''London Bulletin'', surrealist monthly magazine (1938–1940) * ''The Morning Bulletin'', a daily newspaper published in Rockhampton, Queensland, Austral ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Field Museum Of Natural History The Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH), also known as The Field Museum, is a natural history museum in Chicago, Illinois, and is one of the largest such museums in the world. The museum is popular for the size and quality of its educational and scientific programs, and its extensive scientific-specimen and artifact collections. The permanent exhibitions, which attract up to two million visitors annually, include fossils, current cultures from around the world, and interactive programming demonstrating today's urgent conservation needs. The museum is named in honor of its first major benefactor, Marshall Field, the department-store magnate. The museum and its collections originated from the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition and the artifacts displayed at the fair. The museum maintains a temporary exhibition program of traveling shows as well as in-house produced topical exhibitions. The professional staff maintains collections of over 24 million specimens and objects tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Axial Chirality Axial may refer to: * one of the anatomical directions describing relationships in an animal body * In geometry: :* a geometric term of location :* an axis of rotation * In chemistry, referring to an axial bond * a type of modal frame, in music * axial-flow, a type of fan * the Axial age in China, India, etc. * Axial Seamount and submarine volcano off Oregon, USA * Axial, Colorado, a ghost town See also Axiality (other) Axis (other) An axis (plural ''axes'') is an imaginary line around which an object rotates or is symmetrical. Axis may also refer to: Mathematics * Axis of rotation: see rotation around a fixed axis Axis (mathematics), a designator for a Cartesian-coordinate ... {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:* [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Planar Chirality Planar chirality, also known as 2D chirality, is the special case of chirality for two dimensions. Most fundamentally, planar chirality is a mathematical term, finding use in chemistry, physics and related physical sciences, for example, in astronomy, optics and metamaterials. Recent occurrences in latter two fields are dominated by microwave and terahertz applications as well as micro- and nanostructured planar interfaces for infrared and visible light. In chemistry This term is used in chemistry contexts, e.g., for a chiral molecule lacking an asymmetric carbon atom, but possessing two non-coplanar rings that are each dissymmetric and which cannot easily rotate about the chemical bond connecting them: 2,2'-dimethylbiphenyl is perhaps the simplest example of this case. Planar chirality is also exhibited by molecules like (''E'')-cyclooctene, some di- or poly-substituted metallocenes, and certain monosubstituted paracyclophanes. Nature rarely provides planar chiral molecules, c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Optical Activity Optical rotation, also known as polarization rotation or circular birefringence, is the rotation of the orientation of the plane of polarization about the optical axis of linearly polarized light as it travels through certain materials. Circular birefringence and circular dichroism are the manifestations of optical activity. Optical activity occurs only in chiral materials, those lacking microscopic mirror symmetry. Unlike other sources of birefringence which alter a beam's state of polarization, optical activity can be observed in fluids. This can include gases or solutions of chiral molecules such as sugars, molecules with helical secondary structure such as some proteins, and also chiral liquid crystals. It can also be observed in chiral solids such as certain crystals with a rotation between adjacent crystal planes (such as quartz) or metamaterials. When looking at the source of light, the rotation of the plane of polarization may be either to the right (dextrorotatory ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Cavicularin Cavicularin is a natural phenolic secondary metabolite isolated from the liverwort '' Cavicularia densa''. This macrocycle is unusual because it was the first compound isolated from nature displaying optical activity solely due to the presence of planar chirality and axial chirality. The specific rotation for (+)-cavicularin is +168.2°. It is also a very strained molecule. The ''para''-substituted phenol ring is bent about 15° out of planarity, adopting a somewhat boat-like geometry. This type of angle strain in aromatic compounds is normally reserved for synthetic cyclophanes. The liverwort was obtained from Mount Ishizuchi in the district of Shikoku. The material was dried for one day, ground to a powder and 5 grams were refluxed in methanol for 4 months 'reference needed''/sup> to yield 2.5 mg (0.049%) of cavicularin after column chromatography and preparative TLC. Total synthesis In 2005 and again in 2011, the compound was prepared by total synthesis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Jungermanniopsida Jungermanniopsida is the largest of three classes within the division Marchantiophyta (liverworts). Phylogeny Based on the work by Novíkov & Barabaš-Krasni 2015. Taxonomy * Jungermanniidae Engler 1893 Jungermanniales von Klinggräff 1858 * Cephaloziineae Schljakov ** Adelanthaceae Grolle 1972 amesoniellaceae He-Nygrén et al. 2006 Anastrophyllaceae Söderström et al. 2010b Cephaloziaceae Migula 1904 Cephaloziellaceae Douin 1920 hycolepidoziaceae Schuster 1967 Lophoziaceae Cavers 1910 Scapaniaceae Migula 1904 iplophyllaceae Potemk. 1999; Chaetophyllopsaceae Schuster 1960* Jungermanniineae Schuster ex Stotler & Crandall-Stotler 2000 ** Acrobolbaceae Hodgson 1962 Antheliaceae Schuster 1963 Arnelliaceae Nakai 1943 Balantiopsidaceae Buch 1955 sotachidaceae Blepharidophyllaceae Schuster 2002 Calypogeiaceae Arnell 1928 izutaniaceae Furuki & Iwatsuki 1989 Endogemmataceae Konstantinova, Vilnet & Troitsky ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Marchantiopsida Marchantiopsida is a class of liverworts within the phylum Marchantiophyta. The species in this class are known as complex thalloid liverworts. The species in this class are widely distributed and can be found worldwide. Phylogeny Based on the work by Villarreal et al. 2015 Taxonomy * Blasiidae He-Nygrén et al. 2006 Blasiales Stotl. & Crand.-Stotl. 2000 * Blasiaceae H.Klinggr. 1858 *** †Treubiitaceae Schuster 1980 * Marchantiidae Engl. 1893 sensu He-Nygrén et al. 2006 Lunulariales H.Klinggr. 2006 * Lunulariaceae H.Klinggr. 1858 Marchantiales Limpr. 1877 (complex thalloids) * Aytoniaceae Cavers 1911 ebouliaceae; Grimaldiaceae* Cleveaceae Cavers 1911 auteriaceae* Conocephalaceae Müll.Frib. ex Grolle 1972 * Corsiniaceae Engl. 1892 * Cyathodiaceae Stotler & Crand.-Stotl. 2000 * Dumortieraceae Long 2006 * Exormothecaceae Müll.Frib. ex Grolle 1972 * Marchantiaceae Lindl. 1836 * Monocleaceae A.B.Frank 1877 * Monosoleniaceae Inoue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR:** [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]