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Cassia Gum
Cassia gum is the flour and food additives made from the endosperms of the seeds of ''Senna obtusifolia'' and ''Senna tora'' (also called '' Cassia obtusifolia'' or ''Cassia tora''). It is composed of at least 75% polysaccharide, primarily galactomannan with a mannose:galactose ratio of 5:1, resulting in a high molecular mass of 200,000-300,000 Da. Approval Japan In 1995, cassia gum was added to the list of approved food additives in Japan by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare. United States Two GRAS notices were filed to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), one on June 23, 2000 (GRN 51) and one on November 21, 2003 (GRN 139), both of which were not evaluated due to notifier's request to cease evaluation. In June 2008, specialty firm Lubrizol Advanced Material filed a petition to the FDA proposing that food regulations be amended to provide for the use of cassia gum as a stabilizer in frozen dairy desserts. Approval in the US is still pending, with no clear indic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senna Obtusifolia
''Senna obtusifolia'', known by the common names Chinese senna, American sicklepod, sicklepod, etc., is a plant in the genus '' Senna'', sometimes separated in the monotypic genus ''Diallobus''. It grows wild in North, Central, and South America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania, and is considered a particularly serious weed in many places. It has a long-standing history of confusion with ''Senna tora'' and that taxon in many sources actually refers to the present species. In the traditional medicine of Eastern Asia, the seeds are called in Chinese ( simplified: ; traditional: ), ''gyeolmyeongja'' in Korean, and ''ketsumeishi'' in Japanese. The green leaves of the plant are fermented to produce a high-protein food product called "kawal" which is eaten by many people in Sudan as a meat substitute. Its leaves, seeds, and root are also used in folk medicine, primarily in Asia. It is believed to possess a laxative effect, as well as to be beneficial for the eyes. As a folk remedy, the seed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senna Tora
:''This page is about the ''Cassia tora'' described by Linnaeus. Later authors usually applied the taxon to ''Senna obtusifolia. ''Senna tora'' (originally described by Linnaeus as ''Cassia tora'') is a plant species in the family Fabaceae and the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Its name is derived from its Sinhala name tora (තෝර). It grows wild in most of the tropics and is considered a weed in many places. Its native range is in Central America. Its most common English name is sickle senna or sickle wild sensitive-plant. Other common names include sickle pod, tora, coffee pod and foetid cassia. It is often confused with Chinese senna or sickle pod, ''Senna obtusifolia''. Description ''Senna tora'' is an herbaceous annual foetid herb. The plant can grow tall and consists of alternative pinnate leaves with leaflets mostly with three opposite pairs that are obovate in shape with a rounded tip. The leaves grow up to 3–4.5 centimeters long. The stems have distinct smelling fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cassia Obtusifolia
''Senna obtusifolia'', known by the common names Chinese senna, American sicklepod, sicklepod, etc., is a plant in the genus '' Senna'', sometimes separated in the monotypic genus ''Diallobus''. It grows wild in North, Central, and South America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania, and is considered a particularly serious weed in many places. It has a long-standing history of confusion with ''Senna tora'' and that taxon in many sources actually refers to the present species. In the traditional medicine of Eastern Asia, the seeds are called in Chinese ( simplified: ; traditional: ), ''gyeolmyeongja'' in Korean, and ''ketsumeishi'' in Japanese. The green leaves of the plant are fermented to produce a high-protein food product called "kawal" which is eaten by many people in Sudan as a meat substitute. Its leaves, seeds, and root are also used in folk medicine, primarily in Asia. It is believed to possess a laxative effect, as well as to be beneficial for the eyes. As a folk remedy, the seed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cassia Tora
:''This page is about the ''Cassia tora'' described by Linnaeus. Later authors usually applied the taxon to ''Senna obtusifolia. ''Senna tora'' (originally described by Linnaeus as ''Cassia tora'') is a plant species in the family Fabaceae and the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Its name is derived from its Sinhala name tora (තෝර). It grows wild in most of the tropics and is considered a weed in many places. Its native range is in Central America. Its most common English name is sickle senna or sickle wild sensitive-plant. Other common names include sickle pod, tora, coffee pod and foetid cassia. It is often confused with Chinese senna or sickle pod, ''Senna obtusifolia''. Description ''Senna tora'' is an herbaceous annual foetid herb. The plant can grow tall and consists of alternative pinnate leaves with leaflets mostly with three opposite pairs that are obovate in shape with a rounded tip. The leaves grow up to 3–4.5 centimeters long. The stems have distinct smelling fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galactomannan
Galactomannans are polysaccharides consisting of a mannose backbone with galactose side groups, more specifically, a (1-4)-linked beta-D-mannopyranose backbone with branchpoints from their 6-positions linked to alpha-D-galactose, (i.e. 1-6-linked alpha-D-galactopyranose). In order of increasing number of mannose-to-galactose ratio: *fenugreek, fenugreek gum, mannose:galactose ~1:1 *guar gum, mannose:galactose ~2:1 *tara gum, mannose:galactose ~3:1 *locust bean gum or ''carob gum'', mannose:galactose ~4:1 *cassia gum, mannose:galactose ~5:1 Galactomannans are often used in food products to increase the viscosity of the water phase. Guar gum has been used to add viscosity to artificial tears, but is not as stable as Carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose. Food use Galactomannans are used in foods as stabilizer (chemistry), stabilisers. Guar and locust bean gum (LBG) are commonly used in ice cream to improve texture and reduce ice cream meltdown. LBG is also used extensiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Food And Drug Administration (United States)
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or US FDA) is a federal agency of the Department of Health and Human Services. The FDA is responsible for protecting and promoting public health through the control and supervision of food safety, tobacco products, caffeine products, dietary supplements, prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceutical drugs (medications), vaccines, biopharmaceuticals, blood transfusions, medical devices, electromagnetic radiation emitting devices (ERED), cosmetics, animal foods & feed and veterinary products. The FDA's primary focus is enforcement of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C), but the agency also enforces other laws, notably Section 361 of the Public Health Service Act, as well as associated regulations. Much of this regulatory-enforcement work is not directly related to food or drugs, but involves such things as regulating lasers, cellular phones, and condoms, as well as control of disease in contexts varying fro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
E-number
E numbers ("E" stands for "Europe") are codes for substances used as food additives, including those found naturally in many foods such as vitamin C, for use within the European Union (EU) and European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Commonly found on food labels, their safety assessment and approval are the responsibility of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The fact that an additive has an E number implies that its use was at one time permitted in products for sale in the European Single Market; some of these additives are no longer allowed today. Having a single unified list for food additives was first agreed upon in 1962 with food colouring. In 1964, the directives for preservatives were added, in 1970 antioxidants were added, in 1974 emulsifiers, stabilisers, thickeners and gelling agents were added as well. Numbering schemes The numbering scheme follows that of the International Numbering System (INS) as determined by the ''Codex Alimentarius'' committee, thou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edible Thickening Agents
An edible item is any item that is safe for humans to eat. "Edible" is differentiated from "eatable" because it does not indicate how an item tastes, only whether it is fit to be eaten. Nonpoisonous items found in nature – such as some mushrooms, insects, seaweed, and so forth – are referred to as edible. Processed items that normally are not ingested but are specially manufactured to be so, like edible underwear or edible packaging, are also labeled as edible. Edible items in nature It is estimated that approximately half of about 400,000 plant species on earth are edible, yet ''Homo sapiens'' consume only about 200 plant species, because these are the simplest to domesticate. Edible plants found in nature include certain types of mushrooms, flowers, seeds, berries, seaweed, and cacti. Being able to identify the versions of these plants that are safe to eat is an important survival skill. Many animals are also edible, including domesticated livestock as well as wild insec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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