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Caseasaurs
Caseasauria is one of the two main clades of early synapsids, the other being the Eupelycosauria. Caseasaurs are currently known only from the Late Carboniferous and the Permian, and include two superficially different families, the small insectivorous or carnivorous Eothyrididae, and the large, herbivorous Caseidae. These two groups share a number of specialised features associated with the morphology of the snout and external naris. The ancestor of caseasaurs can be traced back to an insect eating or an omnivorous reptile-like synapsid from the Pennsylvanian time of the Carboniferous, possibly resembling ''Archaeothyris'', the earliest known synapsid. The caseasaurs were abundant during the later part of the Early Permian, but by the Middle Permian caseasaur diversity declined because the group was outcompeted by the more successful therapsids. The last caseasaurs became extinct at the end of the Guadelupian (Middle Permian). Description Among the most conspicuous charact ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cotylorhynchus
''Cotylorhynchus'' is an Extinction, extinct genus of herbivorous Caseidae, caseid synapsids that lived during the late Cisuralian, Lower Permian (Kungurian) and possibly the early Guadalupian, Middle Permian (Roadian) in what is now Texas and Oklahoma in the United States. The large number of specimens found make it the best-known caseid. Like all large herbivorous caseids, ''Cotylorhynchus'' had a short snout sloping forward and very large Nostril, external nares. The head was very small compared to the size of the body. The latter was massive, barrel-shaped, and ended with a long tail. The limbs were short and robust. The hands and feet had short, broad fingers with powerful claws. The barrel-shaped body must have housed large intestines, suggesting that the animal had to feed on a large quantity of plants of low nutritional value. Caseids are generally considered to be terrestrial, though a Semiaquatic, semi-aquatic lifestyle has been proposed by some authors. The genus ''Cotyl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caseidae
Caseidae are an extinct family of basal synapsids that lived from the Late Carboniferous to Middle Permian between about 300 and 265 million years ago. Fossils of these animals come from the south-central part of the United States (Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas), from various parts of Europe (European Russia, France, Germany, Sardinia, and Poland), and possibly from South Africa if the genus ''Eunotosaurus'' is indeed a caseid as some authors proposed in 2021. Caseids show great taxonomic and morphological diversity. The most basal taxa were small insectivorous and omnivorous forms that lived mainly in the Upper Carboniferous and Lower Permian, such as ''Eocasea'', ''Callibrachion'', and '' Martensius''. This type of caseid persists until the middle Permian with ''Phreatophasma'' and may be ''Eunotosaurus''. During the early Permian, the clade is mainly represented by many species that adopted a herbivorous diet. Some have evolved into gigantic forms that can reach in length, such ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eothyrididae
Eothyrididae is an extinct family of very primitive, insectivorous synapsids. Only three genera are known, ''Eothyris'', '' Vaughnictis'' and '' Oedaleops'', all from the early Permian of North America. Their main distinguishing feature is the large caniniform tooth in front of the maxilla. Eothyridids share with the Caseidae a number of specialised features associated with the morphology of the snout and external naris and it is likely that their common ancestor was close in build to ''Eothyris''. The two together form the clade Caseasauria. ''Eothyris'' is known from a single skull specimen; ''Oedaleops'' is known from three partial skulls and some parts of some limbs. ''Vaughnictis'' is known from a partial skull, six dorsal vertebrae and some hind-limb bones. The skulls are approximately six centimeters in length, suggesting that the total length of the animals was under one meter. The species were found in the lower Permian in what is today North America. In modern clad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ennatosaurus
''Ennatosaurus'' is an extinct genus of caseid synapsid that lived during the Middle Permian (late Roadian - early Wordian) in northern European Russia. The genus is only represented by its type species, ''Ennatosaurus tecton'', which was named in 1956 by Ivan Antonovich Efremov. The species is known from at least six skulls associated with their lower jaws (two of them preserved with the hyoid apparatus), as well as from the postcranial bones of several juvenile individuals. ''Ennatosaurus'' has the typical caseid skull with a short snout tilted forward and very large external nares. However, it differs from other derived caseids by its postcranial skeleton with smaller proportions compared to the size of the skull. As with other advanced caseids, the teeth of ''Ennatosaurus'' were well suited for slicing and cutting vegetation. The presence of a highly developed hyoid apparatus indicates the presence of a massive and mobile tongue, which had to work in collaboration with the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eocasea
''Eocasea'' is an extinct genus of caseid synapsids from the Late Pennsylvanian of Kansas. It is known from a single type species, ''Eocasea martini''. Description ''Eocasea'' is the oldest and most basal member of Caseidae, lacking many of the specialized anatomical features that characterize later members of the group. Caseids are notable for being one of the first groups of tetrapods to evolve herbivory; large-bodied taxa such as ''Casea'' and ''Cotylorhynchus'' have barrel-shaped rib cages and leaf-shaped, serrated teeth that are clear adaptations for breaking down plant cellulose. ''Eocasea'' differs from these taxa in having a narrow rib cage, simple cone-shaped teeth, and a much smaller body size. All of these are plesiomorphic In phylogenetics, a plesiomorphy ("near form") and symplesiomorphy are synonyms for an ancestral character shared by all members of a clade, which does not distinguish the clade from other clades. Plesiomorphy, symplesiomorphy, apomorphy, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Carboniferous
Late may refer to: * LATE, an acronym which could stand for: ** Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, a proposed form of dementia ** Local-authority trading enterprise, a New Zealand business law ** Local average treatment effect, a concept in econometrics Music * ''Late'' (album), a 2000 album by The 77s * Late!, a pseudonym used by Dave Grohl on his ''Pocketwatch'' album * Late (rapper), an underground rapper from Wolverhampton * "Late" (song), a song by Blue Angel * "Late", a song by Kanye West from ''Late Registration'' Other * Late (Tonga), an uninhabited volcanic island southwest of Vavau in the kingdom of Tonga * "Late" (''The Handmaid's Tale''), a television episode * LaTe, Oy Laivateollisuus Ab, a defunct shipbuilding company * Late may refer to a person who is Dead See also * * * ''Lates'', a genus of fish in the lates perch family * Later (other) * Tardiness * Tardiness (scheduling) In scheduling, tardiness is a measure of a delay in exe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kungurian
In the geologic timescale, the Kungurian is an age or stage of the Permian. It is the latest or upper of four subdivisions of the Cisuralian Epoch or Series. The Kungurian lasted between and million years ago (Ma). It was preceded by the Artinskian and followed by the Roadian. It corresponds roughly to the Leonardian Stage, covering the span from 280 to 270.6 ± 0.7 Ma in the North American system. Stratigraphy The Kungurian is named after the Russian city of Kungur in Perm Krai. The stage was introduced into scientific literature by Russian geologist Alexandr Antonovich Stukenberg (Alexander Stuckenberg) in 1890.; 2002: ''Progress report on the base of the Artinskian and base of the Kungurian by the Cisuralian Working Group'', Permophiles 41: pp 13–16. The base of the Kungurian Stage is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of conodont species ''Neostreptognathodus pnevi'' and ''Neostreptognathodus exculptus'' first appear. As of 2009, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Therapsid
Therapsida is a major group of eupelycosaurian synapsids that includes mammals, their ancestors and relatives. Many of the traits today seen as unique to mammals had their origin within early therapsids, including limbs that were oriented more underneath the body, as opposed to the sprawling posture of many reptiles and salamanders. Therapsids evolved from "pelycosaurs", specifically within the Sphenacodontia, more than 279.5 million years ago. They replaced the "pelycosaurs" as the dominant large land animals in the Middle Permian through to the Early Triassic. In the aftermath of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, therapsids declined in relative importance to the rapidly diversifying reptiles during the Middle Triassic. The therapsids include the cynodonts, the group that gave rise to mammals ( Mammaliaformes) in the Late Triassic, around 225 million years ago. Of the non-mammalian therapsids, only cynodonts survived beyond the end of the Triassic, with the only other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asaphestera
''Asaphestera'' is an extinct genus of a tetrapod described on the basis of fossils from the Carboniferous of the Joggins locality in Nova Scotia, Canada. It was originally described as an undetermined lepospondyl and subsequently classified as a microsaur within the family Tuditanidae. A study published in May 2020 found that specimens referred to ''Asaphestera'' represented several unrelated species. Steen (1934)'s original species name ''Asaphestera platyris'' was retained for a skull which has been re-evaluated as the earliest known synapsid. The type species of ''Asaphestera'' is ''Asaphestera platyris'', named by Steen (1934) based on three skulls. Carroll & Gaskill (1978) noted that one of the skulls was briefly named as the species ''"Hylerpeton ''Hylerpeton'' is an extinct genus of leponspondyl amphibian belonging to the family Gymnarthridae from the late Carboniferous period. The nominal species ''"Hylerpeton" longidentatum'' Dawson, 1876 was considered possibly no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bashkirian
The Bashkirian is in the ICS geologic timescale the lowest stage or oldest age of the Pennsylvanian. The Bashkirian age lasted from to Ma, is preceded by the Serpukhovian and is followed by the Moscovian. The Bashkirian overlaps with the upper part of the Namurian and lower part of the Westphalian stages from regional European stratigraphy. It also overlaps with the North American Morrowan and Atokan stages and the Chinese Luosuan and lower Huashibanian stages. Name and definition The Bashkirian was named after Bashkiria, the then Russian name of the republic of Bashkortostan in the southern Ural Mountains of Russia, home of the Bashkir people. The stage was introduced by Russian stratigrapher Sofia Semikhatova in 1934. The base of the Bashkirian is at the first appearance of conodont species ''Declinognathodus noduliferus''. The top of the stage (the base of the Moscovian) is at the first appearance of the conodonts ''Declinognathodus donetzianus'' or ''Idiognathoides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phreatophasma
''Phreatophasma'' is an extinct genus of synapsids from the Middle Permian of European Russia. It includes only one species, ''Phreatophasma aenigmatum'', which is itself known from a single femur found in a mine near the town of Belebei in Bashkortostan. ''Phreatophasma'' comes from a fossil assemblage that is latest Ufimian to earliest Kazanian in age under the Russian stratigraphic scheme, correlating with the Roadian Age (earliest Middle Permian, about 270 million years ago) under the international stratigraphic timescale. Because the species is based on a single specimen with few diagnostic anatomical features, uncertainty remains as to where it belongs in tetrapod phylogeny; originally interpreted in 1954 as an enigmatic " theromorph" synapsid (hence its species name ''aenigmatum'') by Soviet paleontologist Ivan Yefremov, ''Phreatophasma'' was later described as a therapsid ''incertae sedis'' by American paleontologist Alfred Romer in 1956 and then as a member of a basal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine Minor Outlying Islands, and 326 Indian reservations. The United States is also in free association with three Pacific Island sovereign states: the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau. It is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area. It shares land borders with Canada to its north and with Mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, and other nations. With a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the Americas and the third most populous in the world. The national capital of the United States is Washington, D.C. and its most populous city and principal financial center is New York City. Paleo-Americ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
