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Carrolla
''Carrolla'' is an extinct genus of brachystelechid 'microsaur' that lived in the Lower Permian in North America. It was named in 1986 by American paleontologists Wann Langston and Everett Olson. The type species, ''Carrolla craddocki'', is the only known species. History of study ''Carrolla'' was named for the type species by Langston & Olson (1986) for a single, complete skull collected from the early Permian of Archer County, Texas; the specimen is reposited at the Texas Memorial Museum in Austin. They immediately recognized the similarity to Brachystelechus'',' the eponymous genus from Europe; this genus was subsequently synonymized with ''Batropetes,'' traditionally considered a reptile but which had taxonomic precedent. Numerous features were cited as evidence for an ability to burrow, which was considered rare among 'microsaurs' at the time, and several shared features with modern amphibians were noted, although some of these have been subsequently disproven. Maddin e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batropetes
''Batropetes'' is an extinct genus of Brachystelechidae, brachystelechid recumbirostran "Microsauria, microsaur". ''Batropetes'' lived during the Sakmarian stage of the Early Permian. Fossils attributable to the type species ''B. fritschi'' have been collected from the town of Freital in Saxony, Germany, near the city of Dresden. Additional material has been found from the Saar-Nahe Basin in southwestern Germany and has been assigned to three additional species: ''B. niederkirchensis'', ''B. palatinus'', and ''B. appelensis''. Description ''Batropetes'' is small and short-bodied for a microsaur. Its average total body length was about . The Orbit (anatomy), orbits are large and the skull is short. ''Batropetes'' possesses scales on its underside that are similar to those of reptiles. ''Batropetes'' is distinguished from ''Carrolla'', another brachystelechid microsaur, by the presence of three cusps on the premaxillary and anterior dentary teeth. In ''Carrolla'', there are only ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brachystelechidae
Brachystelechidae is an extinct family of Early Permian microsaurs. The family was first named by Robert L. Carroll and Pamela Gaskill in 1978, with the only member being ''Brachystelechus fritschi''. ''Brachystelechus fritschi'' has since been reassigned to the genus '' Batropetes''. Three genera are currently assigned to the family: ''Batropetes'', from Germany; '' Carrolla'', from Texas Texas (, ; Spanish: ''Texas'', ''Tejas'') is a state in the South Central region of the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km2), and with more than 29.1 million residents in 2020, it is the second-largest U.S. state by ...; and '' Quasicaecilia'', also from Texas. References External links Brachystelechidaein the Paleobiology Database Microsauria Cisuralian first appearances Cisuralian extinctions {{Lepospondyli-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microsauria
Microsauria ("small lizards") is an extinct, possibly polyphyletic order of tetrapods from the late Carboniferous and early Permian periods. It is the most diverse and species-rich group of lepospondyls. Recently, Microsauria has been considered paraphyletic, as several other non-microsaur lepospondyl groups such as Lysorophia seem to be nested in it. Microsauria is now commonly used as a collective term for the grade of lepospondyls that were originally classified as members of Microsauria. The microsaurs all had short tails and small legs, but were otherwise quite varied in form. The group included lizard-like animals that were relatively well-adapted to living on dry land, burrowing forms, and others that, like the modern axolotl, retained their gills into adult life, and so presumably never left the water. Distribution Microsaur remains have been found from Europe and North America in Late Carboniferous and Early Permian localities. Most North American microsaurs have bee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quasicaecilia
''Quasicaecilia'' is an extinct genus of microsaur. It is known from the Early Permian of Texas in the United States. A single specimen is known, collected from the Texas Permian redbeds by Charles Hazelius Sternberg in 1917. It was originally identified as a specimen of the gymnarthrid microsaur ''Cardiocephalus''. The skull is small, less than in length, and the otic capsule (a hollow region of bone encapsulating the inner ear) is very large in comparison to the rest of the skull. The skull of ''Quasicaecilia'' superficially resembles those of extant but unrelated caecilians, hence the genus name. ''Quasicaecilia'' was assigned to the new family Brachystelechidae in 1991 along with the genera ''Batropetes'' and ''Carrolla''. See also * List of prehistoric amphibian genera This list of prehistoric amphibians is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera from the fossil record that have ever been considered to be amphibians, excluding purely vernacular terms. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nannaroter
''Nannaroter'' is an extinct genus of Recumbirostran tetrapod within the family Ostodolepidae. History of study ''Nannaroter'' was named in 2009 by Canadian paleontologists Jason Anderson, Diane Scott, and Robert Reisz. It was known from only the holotype specimen, which was found at the Richards Spur locality in Oklahoma. The holotype, a well preserved skull, was found in early Permian-aged fissure fill deposits in Ordovician limestone. The specific name is given for Mark McKinzie, who found and donated the specimen to the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History Sam, SAM or variants may refer to: Places * Sam, Benin * Sam, Boulkiemdé, Burkina Faso * Sam, Bourzanga, Burkina Faso * Sam, Kongoussi, Burkina Faso * Sam, Iran * Sam, Teton County, Idaho, United States, a populated place People and fictio .... In 2021 a second specimen was referred, ROMVP 86541, a skull with right lower jaw. Anatomy ''Nannaroter'' is the smallest known ostodolepid and is diagnosed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Recumbirostra
Recumbirostra is a clade of tetrapods which lived during the Carboniferous and Permian periods. They are thought to have had a fossorial (burrowing) lifestyle and the group includes both short-bodied and long-bodied snake-like forms. At least one species, the molgophid ''Nagini mazonense,'' lost its forelimbs entirely. It includes the families Pantylidae, Gymnarthridae, Ostodolepidae, Rhynchonkidae and Brachystelechidae, with additional families such as Microbrachidae and Molgophidae being included by some authors. Recumbirostra was erected as a clade in 2007 to include many of the taxa traditionally grouped in "Microsauria", which has since been shown to be a paraphyletic or polyphyletic grouping. Like other "microsaurs", the recumbirostrans have traditionally been considered to be members of the subclass Lepospondyli; however, many phylogenetic analyses conducted since the 2010s have recovered recumbirostrans as basal sauropsid amniotes instead. Not all phylogenetic analyses rec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diabloroter
''Diabloroter'' is a Carboniferous genus of brachystelechid ' microsaur' from the Mazon Creek The Mazon Creek fossil beds are a conservation ' found near Morris, in Grundy County, Illinois. The fossils are preserved in ironstone concretions, formed approximately in the mid- Pennsylvanian epoch of the Carboniferous period. These concreti ... lagerstätte in Illinois. It was named in 2019 by Arjan Mann and Hillary C. Maddin. History of study The genus name is derived from the roots ''diabolus'' ("devil"), which refers to the stark red color of the latex peels used in the original study, and ''rota'' ("wheel") to refer to the English rotavator (a digger), which in turn refers to the fossorial ecology of recumbirostrans. The specific name honors American paleontologist John Bolt. The taxon is represented by a single, nearly complete skeleton that was collected from the Sunspot Mine at Mazon Creek, Illinois. Anatomy Mann and Maddin (2019) diagnose ''Diabloroter'' by the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphibian
Amphibians are tetrapod, four-limbed and ectothermic vertebrates of the Class (biology), class Amphibia. All living amphibians belong to the group Lissamphibia. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial animal, terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal or freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Thus amphibians typically start out as larvae living in water, but some species have developed behavioural adaptations to bypass this. The young generally undergo metamorphosis from larva with gills to an adult air-breathing form with lungs. Amphibians use their skin as a secondary respiratory surface and some small terrestrial salamanders and frogs lack lungs and rely entirely on their skin. They are superficially similar to reptiles like lizards but, along with mammals and birds, reptiles are amniotes and do not require water bodies in which to breed. With their complex reproductive needs and permeable skins, amphibians are often ecological indicators; in re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Llistrofus
''Llistrofus'' is an extinct genus of early Permian microsaur within the family Hapsidopareiidae that is known from Oklahoma. Discovery ''Llistrofus'' was described by Canadian paleontologists Robert Carroll and Pamela Gaskill in 1978. The genus name is an anagram of Fort Sill, the historic name of the Richards Spur locality from which material of ''Llistrofus'' was collected. The species name, ''L. pricei'', is given for the Brazilian paleontologist Llewellyn Price. The holotype of this taxon is currently reposited at the Field Museum of Natural History. The skull of the holotype was reappraised by Bolt & Rieppel in 2009. New material from Richards Spur was described by Gee et al. (2019). Description ''Llistrofus'' is readily identified by the presence of a large temporal emargination, a feature shared with '' Hapsidopareion lepton'' that unites the Hapsidopareiidae. Carroll & Gaskill (1978) differentiated ''Llistrofus'' from ''Hapsidopareion'' by four features: (1) posto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lower Permian
The Cisuralian is the first series/epoch of the Permian. The Cisuralian was preceded by the Pennsylvanian and followed by the Guadalupian. The Cisuralian Epoch is named after the western slopes of the Ural Mountains in Russia and Kazakhstan and dates between 298.9 ± 0.15 – 272.3 ± 0.5 Mya. The Cisuralian is often synonymous with the informal terms early Permian or lower Permian. It corresponds approximately with the Wolfcampian in southwestern North America. The series saw the appearance of beetles and flies and was a relatively stable warming period of about 21 million years. Name and background The Cisuralian is the first series or epoch of the Permian. The Cisuralian was preceded by the last Pennsylvanian epoch (Gzhelian) and is followed by the Permian Guadalupian Epoch. The name "Cisuralian" was proposed in 1982, and approved by the International Subcommission on Permian Stratigraphy in 1996. The Cisuralian Epoch is named after the western slopes of the Ural Mountain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brachydectes
''Brachydectes'' is an extinct genus of lysorophia Lysorophia is an order of fossorial Carboniferous and Permian tetrapods within the Recumbirostra. Lysorophians resembled small snakes, as their bodies are extremely elongate. There is a single family, the Molgophidae (previously known as Lysoroph ...n amphibian that lived from the Carboniferous. It had a very small head (skull length about 1.7 cm) and an elongated body up to 43 cm long.http://www.angellis.net/Web/PDfiles/amphs.pdf References * ''Gaining Ground: The Origin and Early Evolution of Tetrapods'' by Jennifer A. Clack * ''Amniote Origins: Completing the Transition to Land'' by Stuart Sumida and Karen L.M Martin Lysorophians Carboniferous amphibians Permian amphibians Paleozoic amphibians of North America Paleozoic amphibians of Europe Prehistoric amphibian genera {{carboniferous-animal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pelodosotis
''Pelodosotis'' is an extinct lepospondyl Lepospondyli is a diverse taxon of early tetrapods. With the exception of one late-surviving lepospondyl from the Late Permian of Morocco (''Diplocaulus minumus''), lepospondyls lived from the Early Carboniferous ( Mississippian) to the Early Per ... amphibian. References *Carroll, R. L., 1988: Vertebrate paleontology and evolution. W. H. Freeman and company, New York, 1988, 698 Ostodolepids Permian amphibians of North America Permian amphibians {{Lepospondyli-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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