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Caroline Bradby Cook
Caroline Bradby Cook (born circa 1839 – died after 1919) was a Pamunkey leader and Union sympathizer who championed the rights of Virginia's Native Americans and their cultural heritage.“Caroline Bradby Cook,” ''Virginia Changemakers'', accessed November 1, 2022, https://edu.lva.virginia.gov/changemakers/items/show/212. Biography Bradby Cook was born around 1839 and lived on the Pamunkey Indian Reservation in King William County. She was married to Major Cook, and in 1861, she had her only child, George Major Cook. Her husband died in the same year. Her son, George Major Cook, became the chief of the Pamunkey in 1902 and served until his death in 1930. During the American Civil War, Caroline was loyal to the United States and supported their cause. When Union army units camped on the reservation, she washed and cooked for the soldiers, despite them dismantling her house and fence and burning it for wood for their campfires. After the Civil War, she filed a claim wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pamunkey Indian Reservation
The Pamunkey Indian Reservation is a Native American reservation of the Pamunkey Indian Tribe located in King William, Virginia, United States. This reservation lies along the Pamunkey River in King William County, Virginia on the Middle Peninsula. It contains approximately 1,200 acres (4.8 km2) of land, 500 acres (2 km2) of which is wetlands with numerous creeks. Thirty-four families reside on this reservation and many Tribal members live in nearby Richmond, Newport News, and other parts of Virginia. History It was confirmed to the Pamunkey tribe as early as 1658 by the Governor, the council, and the General Assembly of Virginia. The treaty of 1677 between the King of England, acting through the Governor of Virginia, and several Native American tribes including the Pamunkey is the most important existing document describing Virginia's relationship towards Indian land. The Pamunkey tribe early ancestors had locations as far north as the Middle Peninsula of Virginia and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Smithsonian National Museum Of The American Indian
The National Museum of the American Indian is a museum in the United States devoted to the culture of the indigenous peoples of the Americas. It is part of the Smithsonian Institution group of museums and research centers. The museum has three facilities. The National Museum of the American Indian on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., opened on September 21, 2004, on Fourth Street and Independence Avenue, Southwest. The George Gustav Heye Center, a permanent museum, is located at the Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House in New York City. The Cultural Resources Center, a research and collections facility, is located in Suitland, Maryland. The foundations for the present collections were first assembled in the former Museum of the American Indian in New York City, which was established in 1916, and which became part of the Smithsonian in 1989. On January 20, 2022, the museum announced Cynthia Chavez Lamar as its new director. Her first day in this position was February 14, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People From King William County, Virginia
A person ( : people) is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of property, or legal responsibility. The defining features of personhood and, consequently, what makes a person count as a person, differ widely among cultures and contexts. In addition to the question of personhood, of what makes a being count as a person to begin with, there are further questions about personal identity and self: both about what makes any particular person that particular person instead of another, and about what makes a person at one time the same person as they were or will be at another time despite any intervening changes. The plural form "people" is often used to refer to an entire nation or ethnic group (as in "a people"), and this was the original meaning of the word; it subsequently acquired its use as a plural form of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
19th-century Native American Women
The 19th (nineteenth) century began on 1 January 1801 ( MDCCCI), and ended on 31 December 1900 ( MCM). The 19th century was the ninth century of the 2nd millennium. The 19th century was characterized by vast social upheaval. Slavery was abolished in much of Europe and the Americas. The First Industrial Revolution, though it began in the late 18th century, expanding beyond its British homeland for the first time during this century, particularly remaking the economies and societies of the Low Countries, the Rhineland, Northern Italy, and the Northeastern United States. A few decades later, the Second Industrial Revolution led to ever more massive urbanization and much higher levels of productivity, profit, and prosperity, a pattern that continued into the 20th century. The Islamic gunpowder empires fell into decline and European imperialism brought much of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and almost all of Africa under colonial rule. It was also marked by the collapse of the large S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1919 Deaths
Events January * January 1 ** The Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia. ** HMY ''Iolaire'' sinks off the coast of the Hebrides; 201 people, mostly servicemen returning home to Lewis and Harris, are killed. * January 2– 22 – Russian Civil War: The Red Army's Caspian-Caucasian Front begins the Northern Caucasus Operation against the White Army, but fails to make progress. * January 3 – The Faisal–Weizmann Agreement is signed by Emir Faisal (representing the Arab Kingdom of Hejaz) and Zionist leader Chaim Weizmann, for Arab–Jewish cooperation in the development of a Jewish homeland in Palestine, and an Arab nation in a large part of the Middle East. * January 5 – In Germany: ** Spartacist uprising in Berlin: The Marxist Spartacus League, with the newly formed Communist Party of Germany and the Independent Social Democ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1839 Births
Events January–March * January 2 – The first photograph of the Moon is taken, by French photographer Louis Daguerre. * January 6 – Night of the Big Wind: Ireland is struck by the most damaging cyclone in 300 years. * January 9 – The French Academy of Sciences announces the daguerreotype photography process. * January 19 – British forces capture Aden. * January 20 – Battle of Yungay: Chile defeats the Peru–Bolivian Confederation, leading to the restoration of an independent Peru. * January – The first parallax measurement of the distance to Alpha Centauri is published by Thomas Henderson. * February 11 – The University of Missouri is established, becoming the first public university west of the Mississippi River. * February 24 – William Otis receives a patent for the steam shovel. * March 5 – Longwood University is founded in Farmville, Virginia. * March 7 – Baltimore City College, the third public high school in the United States, is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bowl (smoking)
A bowl, when referred to in pipe smoking, is the part of a smoking pipe or bong that is used to hold tobacco, cannabis, or other substances. The exterior surface of the bowl of some pipes may be fashioned with some kind of design. The character Leopold Bloom, in James Joyce's ''Ulysses'' carries a tobacco pipe with the bowl carved into a head: "He carries a silverstringed inlaid dulcimer and a longstemmed bamboo Jacob's pipe, its clay bowl fashioned as a female head." Thomas Curtis' '' London Encyclopaedia'' of 1839 describes a " fumigator", an instrument found in a doctor's surgery "for injecting tobacco smoke into the anus of drowned persons, with a view to excite the irritability of the muscles". Curtis describes the best as being made by a W. Willurgby "the bowl of which is of cast brass and is large enough to contain about an ounce and a half of tobacco". Scholarly interest in the history of the evolution of the bowl of the clay tobacco pipe, extends as far back as 1863. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King William County, Virginia
King William County is a county located in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 17,810. Its county seat is King William. King William County is located in the Middle Peninsula and is included in the Greater Richmond Region. History For thousands of years before European contact, indigenous peoples of North America lived in the Tidewater area of present-day Virginia. At the time of the founding of Jamestown, 30 Virginia Native American tribes comprised the Powhatan paramountcy, numbering 14,000-21,000 people. The Algonquian-speaking Mattaponi Indian Tribe and Upper Mattaponi tribe, among the 11 tribes recognized by the state of Virginia, are located in the county. The Mattaponi are one of two Virginia Indian tribes who still occupy reservation land first allocated by the English under treaty in the 17th century. One prominent family during Colonial Virginia times was that of William Aylett. The Tobacco Inspection Act of 1730 establish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Virginia Women In History
Virginia Women in History was an annual program sponsored by the Library of Virginia that honored Virginia women, living and dead, for their contributions to their community, region, state, and nation. The program began in 2000 under the aegis of the Virginia Foundation for Women and Delta Kappa Gamma Society International; from 2006 to 2020 it was administered by the Library of Virginia. In 2021, it was replaced by the Strong Men and Women in Virginia History program. 2000 honorees * Ella Graham Agnew (1871–1958), Blacksburg, educator and social worker * Mary Julia Baldwin (1829–1897), Staunton, educator * Margaret Brent (c. 1601 – c. 1671), Stafford County, planter * Willa Cather (1873–1947), Frederick County, writer * Jennie Dean (1848–1913), Manassas, educator * Sarah Lee Fain (1888–1962), Norfolk, legislator * Ellen Glasgow (1873–1945), Richmond, author * Dolley Madison (1768–1849), Orange County, First Lady * Pocahontas (c. 1596–1617), Jamestown * C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Southern Claims Commission
The Southern Claims Commission (SCC) was an organization of the executive branch of the United States government from 1871 to 1880, created under President Ulysses S. Grant. Its purpose was to allow Union sympathizers who had lived in the Southern states during the American Civil War, 1861–1865, to apply for reimbursements for property losses due to U.S. Army confiscations during the war. Application process Southerners from 12 states (West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Texas) filed claims with the Southern Claims Commission from 1871 to 1873 if they: # were loyal to the United States during the Civil War # had supplies ''officially'' taken by or furnished to the U.S. Army in the war Southern Loyalists (those who were Union sympathizers) made 22,298 claims. Only 32 percent of the claims (7,092) were approved for payment. The claimants used the testimony of their neighbors as evidenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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