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Cardinals Created By Paschal II
Pope Paschal II (r. 1099–1118) created 92 cardinals in fifteen consistories held throughout his pontificate. This included the future Antipope Anacletus II. 1099 * Crisogono * Giovanni O.S.B. * Amico O.S.B. Cas. * Gregorio Gaetani * Guido O.S.B. * Ugo * Pandolfo O.S.B. Cas. * Ulrich * Antonio * Bd. Berardo dei Marsi * Romano Bobone * Gualon O.S.B. Clun. * Gregorio O.S.B. * Docibilo 1100 * Pietro * Agostino * Romano * Teobaldo * Pietro Modoliense * Pietro O.S.B. Cas. * Giovanni * Gualterio 1101 * Riccardo O.S.B. 1102 * Crescenzio ''seniore'' * Domnizzone * Teobaldo 1104 * Gualon * Ubaldo 1105 * Corrado * Leone O.S.B. Cas. * Bonifacio * Desiderio * Domnizzone * Guy * Giovanni * Vitale * Ascanio * Ugo d'Alatri * Bosone 1106 * Cinzio * Vincenzo * Gezo * Errico * Pietro Pierleoni O.S.B. Clun. (future Antipope Anacletus II) 1107 * Giovanni * Gregorio * Leone 1108 * Kuno von Urach Can. Reg. 1112 * Manfredo * Ugo Visconti * Uberto * Gregorio * Pietro Gherardesca * Anastasi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paschal Alberici
Paschal is used as a name. Paschal, a variant of Pascal, from Latin ''Paschalis'', is an adjective describing either the Easter or Passover holidays. People known as Paschal include: Popes and religious figures * Antipope Paschal (687), a rival with Theodore for Pope * Pope Paschal I (died 824), head of the Catholic Church from 817 * Pope Paschal II (11th-century–1118), head of the Catholic Church from 1099 * Antipope Paschal III (1164–1168), Antipope from 1164 * Paschal Baylon (1540–1592), Spanish friar and saint People with the surname * Benjamin Edwin Paschal (1895–1974), American baseball outfielder * Bill Paschal (1921–2003), American football running back * Bobby Paschal (born 1941), American college basketball coach * Janet Paschal (born 1956), Contemporary Christian and southern gospel * James Roy Paschal (1926–2004), NASCAR Grand National and Winston Cup driver * John Paschal (13th-century–1361), English Bishop * Thomas M. Paschal (1845–1919), U.S. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romuald Guarna
Romuald Guarna (between 1110 and 1120 – 1 April 1181/2) was the Archbishop of Salerno (as Romuald II) from 1153 to his death. He is remembered primarily for his ''Chronicon sive Annales'', an important historical record of his time. Life Romuald was a native of Salerno, born into the old Lombard nobility. He studied as a youth in the Schola Medica Salernitana, where he studied not only medicine (in which he taught Gilles de Corbeil), but history, law, and theology. Romuald was raised to the Salernitan archbishopric after the death of William of Ravenna. Romuald was a diplomat for the kings William I and William II. He negotiated the Treaty of Benevento of 1156 and signed the Treaty of Venice in 1177. Though he took part in the conspiracy against the Admiral Maio of Bari, he never fell out of favour and even performed the coronation of William II. Despite this, he exaggerates his own importance in his chronicle, which characteristically begins at creation and extends ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lists Of Cardinals By Papal Appointment
A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations * List College, an undergraduate division of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America * SC Germania List, German rugby union club Other uses * Angle of list, the leaning to either port or starboard of a ship * List (information), an ordered collection of pieces of information ** List (abstract data type), a method to organize data in computer science * List on Sylt, previously called List, the northernmost village in Germany, on the island of Sylt * ''List'', an alternative term for ''roll'' in flight dynamics * To ''list'' a building, etc., in the UK it means to designate it a listed building that may not be altered without permission * Lists (jousting), the barriers used to designate the tournament area where medieval knights jousted * ''The Book of Lists'', an American series of books with unusual lists See also * The List (other) * Listing (di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
College Of Cardinals
The College of Cardinals, or more formally the Sacred College of Cardinals, is the body of all cardinals of the Catholic Church. its current membership is , of whom are eligible to vote in a conclave to elect a new pope. Cardinals are appointed by the pope for life. Changes in life expectancy partly account for the increases in the size of the college.Broderick, 1987, p. 13. Since the emergence of the College of Cardinals in the early Middle Ages, the size of the body has historically been limited by popes, ecumenical councils, and even the College itself. The total number of cardinals from 1099 to 1986 has been about 2,900 (excluding possible undocumented 12th-century cardinals and pseudocardinals appointed during the Western Schism by pontiffs now considered to be antipopes, and subject to some other sources of uncertainty), nearly half of whom were created after 1655.Broderick, 1987, p. 11. History The word ''cardinal'' is derived from the Latin ''cardō'', meaning "h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Florida International University
Florida International University (FIU) is a public university, public research university with its main campus in Miami-Dade County. Founded in 1965, the school opened its doors to students in 1972. FIU has grown to become the third-largest university in Florida and the List of United States university campuses by enrollment, fifth-largest public university in the United States by enrollment. FIU is a constituent part of the State University System of Florida. In 2021, it was ranked #1 in the Florida Board of Governors performance funding, and had over $246 million in research expenditures. The university is Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". FIU has 11 colleges and more than 40 centers, facilities, labs, and institutes that offer more than 200 programs of study. It has an annual budget of over $1.7 billion and an annual economic impact of over $5 billion. The university is ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Of Crema
John of Crema (Giovanni da Crema) (died before 27 January 1137) was an Italian papal legate and cardinal. He was a close supporter of Pope Callistus II. Cardinal Giovanni, the son of Olricus and Rathildis, was a native of Crema, a town 17km northeast of Lodi in Lombardy. Giovanni became Cardinal around 1116. In 1116, the Emperor Henry V had given the bishopric of Verdun to Archdeacon Henry of Winchester, who had conveyed Mathilda, daughter of the king of England, to Germany, as a reward. Archbishop Bruno of Trier disapproved of such an imperial action, and vacated the appointment; the papal legate, Archbishop Guy of Vienne, also excommunicated the emperor. On the advice of Abbot Laurentius, the emperor sent a delegation to Rome to have the excommunication voided. The embassy was captured in the neighborhood of Milan, and brought to the legate, Cardinal Giovanni of San Crisogono. Bishop-elect Henry was absolved, consecrated, and sent back to Verdun, from which he was excluded by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitalis Of Albano
Vitalis of Albano (died 1127) was a Cardinal (Catholicism), Cardinal and bishop of Albano. Vitalis was already cardinal-priest of Santa Balbina at the beginning of 1111. In February 1111, Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, King Henry V came to Rome to demand his imperial coronation. On 12 February the ceremony took place at St. Peter's Basilica, and during the welcome at the door, the pope read out a decree, in which he repudiated lay investiture, and ordered all bishops to surrender their imperial fiefs to the emperor immediately and permanently. The king and the indignant bishops retired to discuss the shocking demand, and, as evening approached, the pope refused the coronation. After Mass, he and the cardinals were taken into custody by Henry's armed troops, and on 16 February, after a battle with the Romans in the Borgo, Henry and his captive prelates departed the city. The pope and sixteen cardinals, including Cardinal Vitalis of Santa Balbina, S. Balbina, were held captive for sixty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Anastasius IV
Pope Anastasius IV ( – 3 December 1154), born Corrado Demetri della Suburra, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 July 1153 to his death in 1154. He is the most recent pope to take the name "Anastasius" upon his election. Early life He was a Roman, son of Benedictus de Suburra, probably of the family of Demetri, and became a secular clerk. He was created cardinal-priest of S. Pudenziana by Pope Paschal II no later than in 1114. In 1127 or 1128, Pope Honorius II promoted him to the suburbicarian See of Sabina. He was probably given this position for siding with Honorius II during a dispute over the appointment of a new abbot of Farfa. He had taken part in the double papal election of 1130, had been one of the most determined opponents of Antipope Anacletus II and, when Pope Innocent II fled to France, had been left behind as his vicar in Italy. At the time of his election to the papacy in July 1153, he was Dean of the College of Cardinals and pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roscemanno
Roscemanno, O.S.B.Cas. (died in 1128 or later) was a Roman Catholic Cardinal and Deacon of San Giorgio in Velabro. He was the son of the monk Roscemanno. He himself became a monk at the Benedictine abbey of Montecassino. Roscemanno was named a cardinal by Pope Paschal II, at the same time as Oderisius II, abbot of Montecassino, probably in 1111 or 1112. He is not named as one of the cardinals who was taken prisoner, along with Pope Paschal, on 12 February 1111, or made to swear the oath in the name of the pope to accept the agreement with King Henry V. He was one of the cardinals who condemned the "Privilegium" granted by Pope Paschal II to King Henry at the Lateran synod of March 1112. He participated in the papal election of 24 January 1118. On 12 April 1118, Roscemann was in Capua with the papal court, and signed a document. In July, the pope and the court returned to Rome, but the pressure of the antipope and the Frangipani compelled them to flee again, on 2 September 1118. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Paschal II
Pope Paschal II ( la, Paschalis II; 1050 1055 – 21 January 1118), born Ranierius, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 August 1099 to his death in 1118. A monk of the Abbey of Cluny, he was created the cardinal-priest of San Clemente by Pope Gregory VII (1073–85) in 1073. He was consecrated as pope in succession to Pope Urban II (1088–99) on 19 August 1099. His reign of almost twenty years was exceptionally long for a medieval pope. Early career Ranierius was born in Bleda, near Forlì, Romagna. He became a monk at Cluny at an early age. Papacy During the long struggle of the papacy with the Holy Roman emperors over investiture, Paschal II zealously carried on the Hildebrandine policy in favor of papal privilege, but with only partial success. Henry V, son of Emperor Henry IV, took advantage of his father's excommunication to rebel, even to the point of seeking out Paschal II for absolution for associating with his fat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuno Of Praeneste
Cuno of Praeneste (died 9 August 1122) was a German Cardinal and papal legate, an influential diplomatic figure of the early 12th century, active in France and Germany. He held numerous synods throughout Europe, and excommunicated the Emperor Henry V numerous times, in the struggle over the issue of lay investiture of ecclesiastical offices. He spent six years promoting the acceptance of Thurstan of York as archbishop by King Henry I of England, without making York subject to Canterbury. He was seriously considered for election to the papacy in 1119, which he refused. Early life According to Salvador Miranda, he was created cardinal-priest in 1073. This is not in accord with other facts of Cuno's career. He was a Canon Regular, and, around 1090, along with Heldemar of Tournai and a layman named Roger, was one of the founders of the abbey of Arrouaise. In a letter of 21 October 1097, Bishop Lambert of Arras granted the priest Cuno and his associate Heldemar the privilege of having ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leo Of Ostia
Leo Marsicanus (meaning "of the Marsi") or Ostiensis (meaning "of Ostia"), also known as Leone dei Conti di Marsi (1046, Marsica – 1115/7, Ostia), was a nobleman and monk of Monte Cassino around 1061 and Italian cardinal from the 12th century. In Monte Cassino, he became a friend of Desiderius of Benevento, later Pope Victor III, and it was to him that Leo dedicated his most famous work as an historian and chronicler, being a librarian: the ''Chronica Monasterii Casinensis''. The chronicler depends largely on Amatus' earlier work, but also on oral traditions and other archives. Leo finished it at 1075; it is continued by other monastic librarian Peter the Deacon. Pope Urban II created him cardinal deacon in 1088 with the deaconry of ''Ss. Vito e Modesto''. In 1101, Pope Paschal II promoted him cardinal-bishop of Ostia. In 1105 he was appointed cardinal - bishop of Velletri until his death. Sources * Norwich, John Julius. ''The Normans in the South 1016-1130''. Longma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
