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Candelariella
''Candelariella'' is a genus of bright yellow, ocher, or greenish yellow crustose or squamulose lichens in the family Candelariaceae. Members of the genus are commonly called eggyolk lichens, goldspeck lichens, or yolk lichens. The genus was circumscribed in 1894 by Swiss lichenologist Johannes Müller Argoviensis, with '' Candelariella vitellina'' assigned as the type species. Characteristics The key feature of ''Candelariella'' species are the distinct yellow apothecia. Although all species are very small, even the smallest can be identified by the lemon-yellow to orange-yellow discs. Most species have a yellow thallus, although '' Candelariella antennaria'' is one example with a grey thallus. Some species are pycnidiate. This genus will generally have all spot tests emerge as negative, although K tests may have an orange or reddish colour on some species' apothecia. Spore count between species varies from 8 to 32 simply or thinly septate spores. Spores often hold one to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Candelariella Antennaria
''Candelariella antennaria'', or the pussytoes eggyolk lichen, is a lichen commonly distributed in North America, and has been observed in South America, Asia, Australia, and Europe.Westberg, Martin & Clerc, Philippe. (March 2012)Five species of Candelaria and Candelariella (Ascomycota, Candelariales) new to Switzerland.MycoKeys. 3. 10.3897/mycokeys.3.2864.Yakovchenko, Lidia & Ismailov, Aziz & Westberg, Martin. (2012)Candelariella antennaria NEW TO Russia, Kazakhstan, Nepal, and India.Turczaninowia. 15. 27-30. It is characterized by its gray thallus and bright yellow apothecia, as well as its very small size. Characteristics ''Candelariella antennaria'' is a crustose lichen best characterized by its yellow apothecia, which make up the majority of the visible lichen. The apothecial disc is a lemon-yellow or orange-yellow, flat, and not exceeding 1 mm in diameter. The disc may test K negative, or reddish. All other spot tests are negative. The thallus is colored gray and scattered, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Candelariella Vitellina
''Candelariella vitellina'' is a common and widespread green-yellow to orange-yellow crustose areolate lichen that grows on rock, wood, and bark, all over the world.Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region. Vol 2, Nash, T.H., Ryan, B.D., Gries, C., Bugartz, F., (eds.) 2001/ref> It grows on non-calcareous rock, wood, and bark. It often has tiny lobate areoles in the shape of lion claws. The areoles may be flat or convex. Its sexual reproduction structures (apothecia) are a 0.35–1.0 mm-wide disc, darker yellow than the thallus, rimmed with thallus-like tissue lecanorine, flat but becoming convex with age. Lichen spot tests are K+ reddish, KC−, and C−. It produces calycin, pulvinic acid, pulvinic dilactone and vulpinic acid as secondary metabolites. In California, it prefers growing on granite, but can also be found on wood (rarely on bark) and other kinds of rock.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, ''Candelariella v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Candelariaceae
''Candelariaceae'' is a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Candelariales. It contains seven genera and about 73 species. The family was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist Rainar Hakulinen in 1954 to contain the type genus In biological taxonomy, the type genus is the genus which defines a biological family and the root of the family name. Zoological nomenclature According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "The name-bearing type of a nominal f ..., '' Candelaria''. Genera *'' Candelaria'' – 7 spp. *'' Candelariella'' – ca. 50 spp. *'' Candelina'' – 3 spp. *'' Candelinella'' – 2 spp. *'' Opeltiella'' – 4 spp. *'' Placomaronea'' – 6 spp. *'' Protocandelariella'' – 2 spp. References Candelariales Lichen families Ascomycota families Taxa described in 1954 Taxa named by Rainar Hakulinen {{Ascomycota-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phoma Candelariellae
''Phoma candelariellae'' is a species of lichenicolous fungus, lichenicolous (lichen-eating) fungus in the family Didymellaceae. It is found in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey and in Ukraine, where it grows parasitism, parasitically on the apothecia (fruiting structures) of the saxicolous lichen, saxicolous (rock-dwelling) lichen ''Candelariella aurella''. Taxonomy The fungus was species description, formally described as a new species in 2016 by Zekiye Kocakaya and Mehmet Gökhan Halıcı. The type (biology), type specimen was collected northwest of Sivrihisar (Eskişehir) at an altitude of , where it was found growing on the apothecia of the saxicolous lichen ''Candelariella aurella'', which itself was growing on calcareous rocks. ''Phoma candelariellae'' is the only member of ''Phoma'' that grows on lichen genus ''Candelariella''. David Leslie Hawksworth, David Hawksworth and colleagues later expressed doubt about the placement of the taxon in genus ''Phoma'', suggestin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Common Names Of Lichen Genera
This is a list of common names of lichen genera. When a common name for a lichen genus is the same as the scientific name for that genus, it is not included in the following list. This list only includes genera common names that are widely used, as indicated by the common name either appearing in a peer reviewed scientific publication or in a scientifically reliable reference source. A common name for a lichen genus will often uniquely refer to that genus, but not always. Sometimes the same common name may refer to several different genera, which may not be related by sharing common ancestry. An example is that " wart lichen" refers to at least five different genera in four different families. Sometimes the same genus may have more than one widely used common name. For example, members of the genus ''Staurothele'' are commonly called " wart lichens", and also "rock pimples". Lichen genus common names my come from the shape, color, or other feature of some members of a genus. Other m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carbonea Vitellinaria
''Carbonea vitellaria'' is a species of lichenicolous fungus belonging to the family Lecanoraceae. It has a worldwide distribution. In Iceland it has been reported growing on '' Candelariella vitellina'' near Egilsstaðir Egilsstaðir () is a town in east Iceland on the banks of the Lagarfljót river. It is part of the municipality of Múlaþing and the largest settlement of the Eastern Region with, as of 2020, a population of 2,522 inhabitants. Formerly Egilsst ... and on King George Island, Antarctica. References Lecanoraceae Fungi described in 1852 Fungi of Iceland Taxa named by William Nylander (botanist) Lichenicolous fungi {{Lecanorales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tremella Candelariellae
''Tremella'' is a genus of fungi in the family Tremellaceae. All ''Tremella'' species are parasites of other fungi and most produce anamorphic yeast states. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies), when produced, are gelatinous and are colloquially classed among the "jelly fungi". Over 100 species of ''Tremella'' (in its wide sense) are currently recognized worldwide. One species, ''Tremella fuciformis'', is commercially cultivated for food. Taxonomy History ''Tremella'' was one of the original genera created by Linnaeus in his ''Species Plantarum'' of 1753. The name comes from the Latin ''tremere'' meaning "to tremble". Linnaeus placed ''Tremella'' in the algae, including within it a variety of gelatinous growths, including seaweeds, cyanobacteria, and myxomycetes, as well as fungi. Subsequent authors added additional species to this mix, until Persoon revised ''Tremella'' in 1794 and 1801, repositioning the genus within the fungi. Persoon's reinterpretation of ''Tremella'' was sufficient ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crustose Lichen
Crustose lichens are lichens that form a crust which strongly adheres to the Substrate (biology), substrate (soil, rock, tree bark, etc.), making separation from the substrate impossible without destruction. The basic structure of crustose lichens consists of a cortex (botany), cortex layer, an algal layer, and a medulla. The upper cortex layer is differentiated and is usually pigmented. The algal layer lies beneath the cortex. The medulla fastens the lichen to the substrate and is made up of Fungus, fungal hyphae. The surface of crustose lichens is characterized by branching cracks that periodically close in response to climatic variations such as alternate wetting and drying regimes. Subtypes * Powdery – considered as the simplest subtype due to the absence of an organized thallus. :The thallus appears powdery. :E.g. Genera ''Lepraria'', ''Vezdaea'' * Endolithic – grows inside the rock, usually in interstitial spaces between mineral grains. The :upper cortex is usually d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichenicolous Fungi
A lichenicolous fungus is a parasitic fungus that only lives on lichen as the host. A lichenicolous fungus is not the same as the fungus that is the component of the lichen, which is known as a lichenized fungus. They are most commonly specific to a given fungus as the host, but they also include a wide range of pathogens, saprotrophs, and commensals. It is estimated there are 3000 species of lichenicolous fungi. More than 1800 species are already described among the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.Lichenicolous Fungi: Interactions, Evolution, and Biodiversity, Lawrey, James D.; Diederich, Paul. The Bryologist 106(1), pp. 80 120, 2003/ref> More than 95% of lichenicolous fungi described as of 2003 are ascomycetes, in 7 classes and 19 orders. Although basidiomycetes have less than 5% of lichenicolous lichen species, they represent 4 classes and 8 orders. Many lichenicolous species have yet to be assigned a phylogenetic position as of 2003. See also * List of lichenicolous fungi o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zwackhiomyces Lecanorae
''Zwackhiomyces'' is a genus of lichenicolous fungi in the family Xanthopyreniaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Martin Grube and Josef Hafellner in 1990, with '' Zwackhiomyces coepulonus'' assigned as the type species. The genus name of ''Zwackhiomyces'' is in honour of Philipp Franz Wilhelm von Zwackh-Holzhausen (1826–1903), who was a German botanist (Lichenology and Mycology). He was also a Military Officer as well as being a landowner near Heidelberg. He was financially independent and owned large Herbarium. Species As accepted by Species Fungorum; *'' Zwackhiomyces aspiciliae'' – Turkey *'' Zwackhiomyces berengerianus'' *'' Zwackhiomyces calcariae'' *'' Zwackhiomyces calcisedus'' *'' Zwackhiomyces cervinae'' *'' Zwackhiomyces coepulonus'' *'' Zwackhiomyces diederichii'' *'' Zwackhiomyces dispersus'' *'' Zwackhiomyces echinulatus'' *'' Zwackhiomyces heppiae'' *'' Zwackhiomyces immersae'' *'' Zwackhiomyces lacustris'' *'' Zwackhiomyces lecanorae'' *'' Zwac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarcopyrenia Cylindrospora
''Sarcopyrenia'' is a genus of lichenicolous (lichen-dwelling) fungi. It has 11 species. It is the only genus in Sarcopyreniaceae, a family in the order Verrucariales. ''Sarcopyrenia'' was circumscribed by Finnish lichenologist William Nylander in 1858, with ''Sarcopyrenia gibba'' assigned as the type species. Sarcopyreniaceae is one of the few families composed entirely of lichenicolous fungi. Species Host data is from Diederich, Lawrey, and Ertz's 2018 review of lichenicolous fungi. *''Sarcopyrenia acutispora'' – on '' Bagliettoa calciseda'' *''Sarcopyrenia bacillosa'' – on saxicolous lichens *''Sarcopyrenia bacillospora'' – on ''Thelidium'' and ''Verrucaria'' *''Sarcopyrenia baetica'' – on ''Lecania'' cf. ''erysibe'' *''Sarcopyrenia beckhausiana'' – on saxicolous lichens (mostly from family Verrucariaceae) *''Sarcopyrenia calcarea'' *''Sarcopyrenia cylindrospora'' – mostly on ''Aspicilia'' *''Sarcopyrenia gibba'' – on saxicolous lichens *''Sarcopyrenia li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichenochora Arctica
''Lichenochora'' is a genus of fungi in the family Phyllachoraceae. It has 44 species. All species in the genus are lichenicolous, meaning they grow parasitically on lichens. The genus was circumscribed by Josef Hafellner in 1989, with '' Lichenochora thallina'' assigned as the type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen .... Genera *'' Lichenochora acutispora'' *'' Lichenochora aipoliae'' *'' Lichenochora aprica'' *'' Lichenochora arctica'' *'' Lichenochora atrans'' *'' Lichenochora bacidiispora'' *'' Lichenochora bellemerei'' *'' Lichenochora caloplacae'' *'' Lichenochora chimaerica'' *'' Lichenochora clauzadei'' *'' Lichenochora coarctatae'' *'' Lichenochora collematum'' *'' Lichenochora constrictella'' *'' Lichenochora coppinsii'' *'' Lichenochora ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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