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Calycosin
Calycosin is an ''O''-methylated isoflavone. It can be isolated from ''Astragalus membranaceus'' Bge. var. ''mongholicus'' and ''Trifolium pratense'' L. (red clover). Biosynthesis Isoflavone 3′-hydroxylase uses formononetin Formononetin is an O-methylated isoflavone. Natural occurrences Formononetin is found in a number of plants and herbs such as red clover. Along with other phytoestrogens, it predominantly occurs in leguminous plants and Fabaceae, particularly i ..., NADPH, H+ and O2 to produce calycosin, NADP+ and H2O. References O-methylated isoflavones {{phenol-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astragalus Membranaceus
''Astragalus propinquus'' (syn. ''Astragalus membranaceus'', commonly known as Mongolian milkvetch in English; 'Хунчир' in Mongolian; ''huáng qí'' (), ''běi qí'' () or ''huáng huā huáng qí'' (), in Mongolia, is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae. It is one of the 50 fundamental herbs used in traditional Mongolian medicine. It is a perennial plant and it is not listed as being threatened. Herbalism ''A. propinquus'' is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). ''A. propinquus'' is a component in Lectranal, a food supplement used in treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis, though there is limited evidence of its effectiveness. Chemistry Chemical constituents of the roots (Radix Astragali) include polysaccharides and triterpenoids (such as astragalosides), as well as isoflavones (including kumatakenin, calycosin, and formononetin) and their glycosides and malonates. An extract of ''A. propinquus'' called TA-65 may activate telomerase, extending th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trifolium Pratense
''Trifolium pratense'', the red clover, is a herbaceous species of flowering plant in the bean family Fabaceae, native to Europe, Western Asia, and northwest Africa, but planted and naturalized in many other regions. Description Red clover is a herbaceous, short-lived perennial plant, variable in size, growing to tall. It has a deep taproot which makes it tolerant to drought and gives it a good soil structuring effect. The leaves are alternate, trifoliate (with three leaflets), each leaflet long and broad, green with a characteristic pale crescent in the outer half of the leaf; the petiole is long, with two basal stipules that are abruptly narrowed to a bristle-like point. The flowers are dark pink with a paler base, long, produced in a dense inflorescence, and are mostly visited by bumblebees. Distribution The red clover is native to Europe, Western Asia, and northwest Africa, but it has been naturalized in other continents, like North and South America. Specificall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isoflavone 3'-hydroxylase
In enzymology, an isoflavone 3'-hydroxylase (, Formerly ) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :formononetin + NADPH + H+ + O2 \rightleftharpoons calycosin + NADP+ + H2O The 4 substrates of this enzyme are formononetin, NADPH, H+, and O2, whereas its 3 products are calycosin, NADP+, and H2O. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on paired donors, with O2 as oxidant and incorporation or reduction of oxygen. The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O2 with NADH or NADPH as one donor, and incorporation of one atom o oxygen into the other donor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is formononetin,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3'-hydroxylating). This enzyme is also called isoflavone 3'-monooxygenase. This enzyme participates in isoflavonoid biosynthesis. It employs one cofactor, heme Heme, or haem (pronounced / hi:m/ ), is a precursor to hemoglobin, which is necessary to bind oxygen in the bloodstream. Heme i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Formononetin
Formononetin is an O-methylated isoflavone. Natural occurrences Formononetin is found in a number of plants and herbs such as red clover. Along with other phytoestrogens, it predominantly occurs in leguminous plants and Fabaceae, particularly in beans, such as green beans, lima beans, soy and many others, as the free aglycone or in form of its glucoside ononin. It can also be found in ''Maackia amurensis'' cell cultures. Pharmacodynamics Formononetin promotes angiogenesis. It is also involved in expressing the gene and proteins that are needed to make IgE Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a type of antibody (or immunoglobulin (Ig) " isotype") that has been found only in mammals. IgE is synthesised by plasma cells. Monomers of IgE consist of two heavy chains (ε chain) and two light chains, with the ε c .... Derivatives Ononin is the 7-''O''-β-D-glucopyranoside of formononetin. References {{Isoflavone O-methylated isoflavones ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
