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Calponin Homology (CH) Domain
Calponin homology domain (or CH domain) is a family of actin binding domains found in both cytoskeletal proteins and signal transduction proteins. The domain is about 100 amino acids in length and is composed of four alpha helices. It comprises the following groups of actin-binding domains: * Actinin-type (including spectrin, fimbrin, ABP-280) * Calponin-type A comprehensive review of proteins containing this type of actin-binding domains is given in. The CH domain is involved in actin binding in some members of the family. However, in calponins there is evidence that the CH domain is not involved in its actin binding activity. Most proteins have two copies of the CH domain, however some proteins such as calponin and the human vav proto-oncogene () have only a single copy. The structure of an example CH domain has been determined using X-ray crystallography. Examples Human genes encoding calponin homology domain-containing proteins include: * ACTN1, ACTN2, ACTN3, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Actin
Actin is a family of globular multi-functional proteins that form microfilaments in the cytoskeleton, and the thin filaments in muscle fibrils. It is found in essentially all eukaryotic cells, where it may be present at a concentration of over 100 μM; its mass is roughly 42 kDa, with a diameter of 4 to 7 nm. An actin protein is the monomeric subunit of two types of filaments in cells: microfilaments, one of the three major components of the cytoskeleton, and thin filaments, part of the contractile apparatus in muscle cells. It can be present as either a free monomer called G-actin (globular) or as part of a linear polymer microfilament called F-actin (filamentous), both of which are essential for such important cellular functions as the mobility and contraction of cells during cell division. Actin participates in many important cellular processes, including muscle contraction, cell motility, cell division and cytokinesis, vesicle and organelle movement, cell sign ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dystonin
Dystonin (DST), also known as bullous pemphigoid antigen 1 (BPAG1), isoforms 1/2/3/4/5/8, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''DST'' gene. This gene encodes a member of the plakin protein family of adhesion junction plaque proteins. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been defined. It has been known that some isoforms are expressed in neural and muscle tissue, anchoring neural intermediate filaments to the actin cytoskeleton, and some isoforms are expressed in epithelial tissue, anchoring keratin-containing intermediate filaments to hemidesmosomes. Consistent with the expression, mice defective for this gene show skin blistering and neurodegeneration. Interactions Dystonin has been shown to interact with collagen, type XVII, alpha 1, DCTN1, MAP1B and erbin. Loss of function in neurological disease Several ''Dst'' mutant mouse lines have bee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LCP1
Plastin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''LCP1'' gene. Function Plastins are a family of actin-binding proteins that are conserved throughout eukaryote evolution and expressed in most tissues of higher eukaryotes. In humans, two ubiquitous plastin isoforms (L and T) have been identified. Plastin 1 (otherwise known as fimbrin) is a third distinct plastin isoform which is specifically expressed at high levels in the small intestine. The L isoform is expressed only in hemopoietic cell lineages, while the T isoform has been found in all other normal cells of solid tissues that have replicative potential (fibroblasts, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, melanocytes, etc.). However, L-plastin has been found in many types of malignant human cells of non- hemopoietic origin suggesting that its expression is induced accompanying tumorigenesis Carcinogenesis, also called oncogenesis or tumorigenesis, is the formation of a cancer, whereby normal cells are transform ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IQGAP2
Ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''IQGAP2'' gene. Function This gene encodes a member of the IQGAP family. The protein contains three IQ domains, one calponin homology domain, one Ras-GAP domain and one WW domain. It interacts with components of the cytoskeleton, with cell adhesion molecules, and with several signaling molecules to regulate cell morphology and motility. Interactions IQGAP2 has been shown to Protein-protein interaction, interact with CDC42 and RAC1. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-5-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IQGAP1
Ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP1 (IQGAP1) also known as p195 is a ubiquitously expressed protein that in humans is encoded by the ''IQGAP1'' gene. IQGAP1 is a scaffold protein involved in regulating various cellular processes ranging from organization of the actin cytoskeleton, transcription, and cellular adhesion to regulating the cell cycle. History IQGAP1 was discovered in 1994. Its name stems from the fact that its RasGAP-related domain (GRD) has sequence homology to the Sar1 GTPase. It was hypothesized that IQGAP1 would act as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) protein, promoting the switch of ras GTPases from the active GTP to GDP-bound forms. However, despite the homology of IQGAP’s GAP domain to sar1 and the fact that IQGAP1 binds Rho GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42, IQGAP does not actually have GAP function. Instead, it binds the active (GTP-bound) forms of RAC1 and CDC42 with higher affinity than GDP-bound forms, and stabilizes the active form in vivo. IQGAP1 is now ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GAS2L3
Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, liquid, and plasma). A pure gas may be made up of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), elemental molecules made from one type of atom (e.g. oxygen), or compound molecules made from a variety of atoms (e.g. carbon dioxide). A gas mixture, such as air, contains a variety of pure gases. What distinguishes a gas from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles. This separation usually makes a colourless gas invisible to the human observer. The gaseous state of matter occurs between the liquid and plasma states, the latter of which provides the upper temperature boundary for gases. Bounding the lower end of the temperature scale lie degenerative quantum gases which are gaining increasing attention. High-density atomic gases super-cooled to very low temperatures are classified by their statistical behavior as either Bose gases or Fermi gases. For a comprehe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GAS2L2
Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, liquid, and plasma). A pure gas may be made up of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), elemental molecules made from one type of atom (e.g. oxygen), or compound molecules made from a variety of atoms (e.g. carbon dioxide). A gas mixture, such as air, contains a variety of pure gases. What distinguishes a gas from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles. This separation usually makes a colourless gas invisible to the human observer. The gaseous state of matter occurs between the liquid and plasma states, the latter of which provides the upper temperature boundary for gases. Bounding the lower end of the temperature scale lie degenerative quantum gases which are gaining increasing attention. High-density atomic gases super-cooled to very low temperatures are classified by their statistical behavior as either Bose gases or Fermi gases. For a comprehensive listi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GAS2L1
GAS2-like protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GAS2L1'' gene. The protein encoded by this gene, a member of the GAS2 family, is similar in sequence to the mouse protein Gas2, an actin-associated protein expressed at high levels in growth-arrested cells. Expression of the mouse Gas2 gene is negatively regulated by serum and growth factors. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. References Further reading * * * * * * * {{gene-22-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GAS2
Growth arrest-specific protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GAS2'' gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a caspase-3 substrate that plays a role in regulating microfilament and cell shape changes during apoptosis Apoptosis (from grc, ἀπόπτωσις, apóptōsis, 'falling off') is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology) and death. These changes incl .... It can also modulate cell susceptibility to p53-dependent apoptosis by inhibiting calpain activity. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described for this gene. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * {{gene-11-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Filamin C
Filamins are a class of proteins that hold two actin filaments at large angles. Filamin protein in mammals is made up of an actin-binding domain at its N-terminus that is followed by 24 immunoglobulin-like repeat modules of roughly 95 amino acids. There are two hinge regions; between repeats 15-16 and 23-24. Filamin gets cleaved at these hinge regions to generate smaller fragments of the protein. Filamin has two actin-binding sites with a V-linkage between them, so that it cross-links actin filaments into a network with the filaments orientated almost at right angles to one another. Filamin proteins include: * FLNA * FLNB * FLNC Over-expression of FLNA stops the regeneration of bladder carcinoma (BC) cells, by inhibiting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis Apoptosis (from grc, ἀπόπτωσις, apóptōsis, 'falling off') is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes (morphology) an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FLNB
Filamin B, beta (FLNB), also known as Filamin B, beta (truncated actin binding protein 278 homolog), is a cytoplasmic protein which in humans is encoded by the ''FLNB'' gene. FLNB regulates intracellular communication and signalling by cross-linking the protein actin to allow direct communication between the cell membrane and cytoskeletal network, to control and guide proper skeletal development. Mutations in the FLNB gene are involved in several lethal bone dysplasias, including boomerang dysplasia and atelosteogenesis type I. Interactions FLNB has been shown to interact with GP1BA, Filamin, FBLIM1, PSEN1, CD29 and PSEN2. See also * Larsen syndrome Larsen syndrome (LS) is a congenital disorder discovered in 1950 by Larsen and associates when they observed dislocation of the large joints and face anomalies in six of their patients.Mitra, N., Kannan, N., Kumar, V.S., Kavita, G. "Larsen Syndrome ... References External links GeneReview/NIH/UW entry on FLNB-Related Disorders ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
