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CSNK2B
Casein kinase II subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CSNK2B'' gene. This gene encodes the beta subunit of casein kinase II, a ubiquitous protein kinase which regulates metabolic pathways, signal transduction, transcription, translation, and replication. The enzyme localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. Casein kinase, a ubiquitous, well-conserved protein kinase involved in cell metabolism and differentiation, is characterised by its preference for Serine or Threonine in acidic stretches of amino acids. The enzyme is a tetramer of 2 alpha- and 2 beta-subunits. However, some species (e.g., mammals) possess 2 related forms of the alpha-subunit (alpha and alpha'), while others (e.g., fungi) possess 2 related beta-subunits (beta and beta'). The alpha-subunit is the catalytic unit and contains regions characteristic of serine/threonine protein kinases. The beta-subunit is believed to be regulatory, possessing an N-terminal auto-phosphory ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
P70-S6 Kinase 1
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (S6K1), also known as p70S6 kinase (p70S6K, p70-S6K), is an enzyme (specifically, a protein kinase) that in humans is encoded by the ''RPS6KB1'' gene. It is a serine/threonine kinase that acts downstream of PIP3 and phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 in the PI3 kinase pathway. As the name suggests, its target substrate is the S6 ribosomal protein. Phosphorylation of S6 induces protein synthesis at the ribosome. The phosphorylation of p70S6K at threonine 389 has been used as a hallmark of activation by mTOR and correlated with autophagy inhibition in various situations. However, several recent studies suggest that the activity of p70S6K plays a more positive role in the increase of autophagy. Function This gene encodes a member of the S6K family of serine/threonine kinases, which phosphorylate several residues of the S6 ribosomal protein. The kinase activity of this protein leads to an increase in protein synthesis and cell proliferation. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RNF7
RING-box protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RNF7'' gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a highly conserved ring finger protein. It is an essential subunit of SKP1-cullin/CDC53-F box protein ubiquitin ligases, which are a part of the protein degradation machinery important for cell cycle progression and signal transduction. This protein interacts with, and is a substrate of, casein kinase II (CSNK2A1/CKII). The phosphorylation of this protein by CSNK2A1 has been shown to promote the degradation of IkappaBalpha (CHUK/IKK-alpha/IKBKA) and p27Kip1(CDKN1B). Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. Interactions RNF7 has been shown to interact with CSNK2B. See also * RING finger domain In molecular biology, a RING (short for Really Interesting New Gene) finger domain is a protein structural domain of zinc finger type which contains a C3HC4 amino acid motif which binds two zinc cations (seven cysteines and one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BRCA1
Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BRCA1'' () gene. Orthologs are common in other vertebrate species, whereas invertebrate genomes may encode a more distantly related gene. ''BRCA1'' is a human tumor suppressor gene (also known as a caretaker gene) and is responsible for repairing DNA. ''BRCA1'' and '' BRCA2'' are unrelated proteins, but both are normally expressed in the cells of breast and other tissue, where they help repair damaged DNA, or destroy cells if DNA cannot be repaired. They are involved in the repair of chromosomal damage with an important role in the error-free repair of DNA double-strand breaks. If ''BRCA1'' or ''BRCA2'' itself is damaged by a BRCA mutation, damaged DNA is not repaired properly, and this increases the risk for breast cancer. ''BRCA1'' and ''BRCA2'' have been described as "breast cancer susceptibility genes" and "breast cancer susceptibility proteins". The predominant allele has a normal, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BTF3
Transcription factor BTF3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BTF3'' gene. Function This gene encodes the basic transcription factor 3. This protein forms a stable complex with RNA polymerase IIB and is required for transcriptional initiation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. This gene has multiple pseudogenes. Interactions BTF3 has been shown to interact with CSNK2B Casein kinase II subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CSNK2B'' gene. This gene encodes the beta subunit of casein kinase II, a ubiquitous protein kinase which regulates metabolic pathways, signal transduction, transcriptio .... References External links * PDBe-KBprovides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Transcription factor BTF3 Further reading * * * * * * * {{protein-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ribosomal Protein L5
60S ribosomal protein L5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RPL5'' gene. Function Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 60S subunit. The protein belongs to the L18P family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. The protein binds 5S rRNA to form a stable complex called the 5S ribonucleoprotein particle (RNP), which is necessary for the transport of nonribosome-associated cytoplasmic 5S rRNA to the nucleolus for assembly into ribosomes. The protein interacts specifically with the beta subunit of casein kinase 2. Clinical significance Variable expression of this gene in colorectal cancers compared to adjacent normal tissues has been observed, although no correlation between the level of expression and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CDC34
''CDC34'' is a gene that in humans encodes the protein Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 R1. This protein is a member of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family, which catalyzes the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to other proteins. CDC34 was originally discovered by work in baker's yeast as a gene that is essential for the cell cycle. Cdc34 in yeast targets numerous substrates - notably the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Sic1 - for ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. CDC34 is required for ubiquitin-mediated degradation of cell cycle G1 regulators, and for the initiation of DNA replication. Interactions CDC34 has been shown to interact with CSNK2B, BTRC and CDK9 Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 or CDK9 is a cyclin-dependent kinase associated with P-TEFb. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) family. CDK family members are highly similar to the gene produ .... References External links * Further reading ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TRIB3
Tribbles homolog 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TRIB3'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a putative protein kinase that is induced by the transcription factor NF-kappaB. It is a pseudoenzyme that is thought to be a negative regulator of NF-kappaB, and can also sensitize cells to TNF- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In addition, this protein has been reported to negatively regulate the cell survival serine-threonine kinase AKT1. TRIB3 has recently been associated with neuronal signalling, and like TRIB1 and TRIB2, could be considered as a potential allosteric drug target Interactions TRIB3 has been shown to interact with: * AKT1, * CSNK2B, * Fibronectin * MCM3AP, * RELA, * SIAH1 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SIAH1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''SIAH1'' gene. Function This gene encodes for a polypeptide structure that is a member of the seven in absentia homolog (SIAH) family. The protein is an E3 ligase ..., and * TIAF1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FGF1
Fibroblast growth factor 1, (FGF-1) also known as acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF), is a growth factor and signaling protein encoded by the ''FGF1'' gene. It is synthesized as a 155 amino acid polypeptide, whose mature form is a non-glycosylated 17-18 kDa protein. Fibroblast growth factor protein was first purified in 1975, but soon afterwards others using different conditions isolated acidic FGF, Heparin-binding growth factor-1, and Endothelial cell growth factor-1. Gene sequencing revealed that this group was actually the same growth factor and that FGF1 was a member of a family of FGF proteins. FGF-1 has no definitive signal sequence and thus is not secreted through classical pathways, but it does appear to form a disulfide linked dimer inside cells that associate with a complex of proteins at the cell membrane (including S100A13 and Syt1) which then help flip it through the membrane to the exterior of the cell. Once in the reducing conditions of the surrounding ti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Casein Kinase 2, Alpha 1
Casein kinase II subunit alpha is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''CSNK2A1'' gene. Casein kinase II is a Serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, serine/threonine protein kinase that Phosphorylation, phosphorylates acidic proteins such as casein. The kinase exists as a tetramer and is composed of an alpha, an alpha-prime, and two beta subunits. The alpha subunits contain the catalytic activity while the beta subunits undergo autophosphorylation. The protein encoded by this gene represents the alpha subunit. While this gene is found on chromosome 20, a related transcribed pseudogene is found on chromosome 11. Three transcript variants encoding two different proteins have been found for this gene. Interactions Casein kinase 2, alpha 1 has been shown to Protein-protein interaction, interact with: * APC (gene), APC, * ATF1, * Activating transcription factor 2, ATF2, * C-Fos, * C-jun, * CDC25B, * CHEK1, * CREB-binding protein, CREBBP, * CSNK2B, * DNA damage-i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CSNK2A2
Casein kinase II subunit alpha' is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''CSNK2A2'' gene. Interactions CSNK2A2 has been shown to interact with over 160 different substrates. CSNK2A2 has been shown to interact with: * Activating transcription factor 2, * ATF1, * C-Fos, * CREB binding protein, * CSNK2B, * FGF1, * Nucleolin, * PIN1, * PTEN, and * RELA Transcription factor p65 also known as nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p65 subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RELA'' gene. RELA, also known as p65, is a REL-associated protein involved in NF-κB heterodimer formation, nuclear tran .... References External links * * Further reading * * {{gene-16-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CD163
CD163 (Cluster of Differentiation 163) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD163 gene. CD163 is the high affinity scavenger receptor for the hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex and in the absence of haptoglobin - with lower affinity - for hemoglobin alone. It also is a marker of cells from the monocyte/macrophage lineage. CD163 functions as innate immune sensor for gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The receptor was discovered in 1987. Structure The molecular size is 130 kDa. The receptor belongs to the scavenger receptor cysteine rich family type B and consists of a 1048 amino acid residues extracellular domain, a single transmembrane segment and a cytoplasmic tail with several splice variants. Clinical significance A soluble form of the receptor exists in plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid., commonly denoted sCD163. It is generated by ectodomain shedding of the membrane bound receptor, which may represent a form of modulation of CD163 function. sCD163 shedding oc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Promotor (biology)
In genetics, a promoter is a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind to initiate transcription of a single RNA transcript from the DNA downstream of the promoter. The RNA transcript may encode a protein (mRNA), or can have a function in and of itself, such as tRNA or rRNA. Promoters are located near the transcription start sites of genes, upstream on the DNA (towards the 5' region of the sense strand). Promoters can be about 100–1000 base pairs long, the sequence of which is highly dependent on the gene and product of transcription, type or class of RNA polymerase recruited to the site, and species of organism. Promoters control gene expression in bacteria and eukaryotes. RNA polymerase must attach to DNA near a gene for transcription to occur. Promoter DNA sequences provide an enzyme binding site. The -10 sequence is TATAAT. -35 sequences are conserved on average, but not in most promoters. Artificial promoters with conserved -10 and -35 elements transcribe more slowly. All D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
