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CLP(R)
CLP(R) is a declarative programming language. It stands for constraint logic programming (real) where real refers to the real numbers. It can be considered and is generally implemented as a superset or add-on package for a Prolog implementation. Example rule The simultaneous linear equations: :\begin 3x + 4y - 2z = 8\\ x - 5y + z = 10\\ 2x + 3y -z = 20 \end are expressed in CLP(R) as: 3*X + 4*Y - 2*Z = 8, X - 5*Y + Z = 10, 2*X + 3*Y -Z = 20. and a typical implementation's response would be: Z = 35.75 Y = 8.25 X = 15.5 Yes Example program CLP(R) allows the definition of predicates using recursive definitions. For example a ''mortgage'' relation can be defined as relating the principal P, the number of time periods of the loan T, the repayment each period R, the interest rate per period I and the final balance owing at the end of the loan B. mg(P, T, R, I, B) :- T = 0, B = R. mg(P, T, R, I, B) :- T >= 1, P1 = P*(1+I) - R, mg(P1, T - 1, R, I, B). The first rule expresses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constraint Logic Programming
Constraint logic programming is a form of constraint programming, in which logic programming is extended to include concepts from constraint satisfaction. A constraint logic program is a logic program that contains constraints in the body of clauses. An example of a clause including a constraint is . In this clause, is a constraint; A(X,Y), B(X), and C(Y) are Literal (mathematical logic), literals as in regular logic programming. This clause states one condition under which the statement A(X,Y) holds: X+Y is greater than zero and both B(X) and C(Y) are true. As in regular logic programming, programs are queried about the provability of a goal, which itself may contain constraints in addition to literals. A proof for a goal is composed of clauses whose bodies are satisfiable constraints and literals that can in turn be proved using other clauses. Execution is performed by an interpreter, which starts from the goal and Recursion, recursively scans the clauses trying to prove the goa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SICStus
SICStus Prolog is a Proprietary software, proprietary, ISO Prolog, ISO-conforming implementation of the logic programming language Prolog. It is developed by the Swedish Institute of Computer Science since 1985 and puts a strong focus on performance and scalability. History Around 1985, the Swedish Institute of Computer Science (SICS) was founded and Mats Carlsson joined SICS to develop a Prolog engine that would be a platform for research in Or-parallel, or-parallelisation of Prolog. This work was performed in the context of the informal Gigalips project, involving David H. D. Warren, David H.D. Warren at SRI International and researchers from Manchester and Argonne National Laboratory, as well as and-parallel efforts. This resulted in quite mature or-parallel Prologs, such as Aurora and MUSE. The objective of these Prologs was to achieve effective speedups through or-parallel execution transparently for the programmer while supporting full Prolog. This led to SICS distribut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SWI-Prolog
SWI-Prolog is a free implementation of the programming language Prolog, commonly used for teaching and semantic web applications. It has a rich set of features, libraries for constraint logic programming, multithreading, unit testing, GUI, interfacing to Java, ODBC and others, literate programming, a web server, SGML, RDF, RDFS, developer tools (including an IDE with a GUI debugger and GUI profiler), and extensive documentation. SWI-Prolog runs on Unix, Windows, Macintosh and Linux platforms. SWI-Prolog has been under continuous development since 1987. Its main author is Jan Wielemaker. The name SWI is derived from ("Social Science Informatics"), the former name of the group at the University of Amsterdam, where Wielemaker was employed when he initiated the development of SWI-Prolog. Execution model SWI-Prolog is not based on the Warren Abstract Machine execution model of Prolog. Instead, it is based on an extended version of the ZIP virtual machine, a minimal virtua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Declarative Programming Language
In computer science, declarative programming is a programming paradigm—a style of building the structure and elements of computer programs—that expresses the logic of a computation without describing its control flow. Many languages that apply this style attempt to minimize or eliminate side effects by describing ''what'' the program must accomplish in terms of the problem domain, rather than describing ''how'' to accomplish it as a sequence of the programming language primitives (the ''how'' being left up to the language's implementation). This is in contrast with imperative programming, which implements algorithms in explicit steps. Declarative programming often considers programs as theories of a formal logic, and computations as deductions in that logic space. Declarative programming may greatly simplify writing parallel programs. Common declarative languages include those of database query languages (e.g., SQL, XQuery), regular expressions, logic programming (e.g. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Real Number
In mathematics, a real number is a number that can be used to measure a continuous one- dimensional quantity such as a duration or temperature. Here, ''continuous'' means that pairs of values can have arbitrarily small differences. Every real number can be almost uniquely represented by an infinite decimal expansion. The real numbers are fundamental in calculus (and in many other branches of mathematics), in particular by their role in the classical definitions of limits, continuity and derivatives. The set of real numbers, sometimes called "the reals", is traditionally denoted by a bold , often using blackboard bold, . The adjective ''real'', used in the 17th century by René Descartes, distinguishes real numbers from imaginary numbers such as the square roots of . The real numbers include the rational numbers, such as the integer and the fraction . The rest of the real numbers are called irrational numbers. Some irrational numbers (as well as all the rationals) a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prolog
Prolog is a logic programming language that has its origins in artificial intelligence, automated theorem proving, and computational linguistics. Prolog has its roots in first-order logic, a formal logic. Unlike many other programming languages, Prolog is intended primarily as a declarative programming language: the program is a set of facts and Horn clause, rules, which define Finitary relation, relations. A computation is initiated by running a ''query'' over the program. Prolog was one of the first logic programming languages and remains the most popular such language today, with several free and commercial implementations available. The language has been used for automated theorem proving, theorem proving, expert systems, term rewriting, type systems, and automated planning, as well as its original intended field of use, natural language processing. See also Watson (computer). Prolog is a Turing-complete, general-purpose programming language, which is well-suited for inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simultaneous Linear Equations
In mathematics, a system of linear equations (or linear system) is a collection of two or more linear equations involving the same variables. For example, : \begin 3x+2y-z=1\\ 2x-2y+4z=-2\\ -x+\fracy-z=0 \end is a system of three equations in the three variables . A ''solution'' to a linear system is an assignment of values to the variables such that all the equations are simultaneously satisfied. In the example above, a solution is given by the ordered triple (x,y,z)=(1,-2,-2), since it makes all three equations valid. Linear systems are a fundamental part of linear algebra, a subject used in most modern mathematics. Computational algorithms for finding the solutions are an important part of numerical linear algebra, and play a prominent role in engineering, physics, chemistry, computer science, and economics. A system of non-linear equations can often be approximated by a linear system (see linearization), a helpful technique when making a mathematical model or computer s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ciao (programming Language)
Ciao is a general-purpose programming language which supports logic, constraint, functional, higher-order, and object-oriented programming styles. Its main design objectives are high expressive power, extensibility, safety, reliability, and efficient execution. Language characteristics Ciao provides a full Prolog system (supporting ISO-Prolog), declarative subsets and extensions of Prolog, functional programming (including lazy evaluation), higher-order (with predicate abstractions), constraint programming, and objects, as well as feature terms (records), persistence, several control rules (breadth-first search, iterative deepening, ...), concurrency (threads/engines), distributed execution (agents), and parallel execution. Libraries also support WWW programming, sockets, external interfaces ( C, Java, TclTk, relational databases A relational database (RDB) is a database based on the relational model of data, as proposed by E. F. Codd in 1970. A Relational Databas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comparison Of Prolog Implementations
The following Comparison of Prolog implementations provides a reference for the relative feature sets and performance of different implementations of the Prolog computer programming language. A comprehensive discussion of the most significant Prolog systems is presented in an article published in the 50-years of Prolog anniversary issue of the journal ''Theory and Practice of Logic Programming'' (TPLP). Portability There are Prolog Programming language implementation, implementations that are radically different, with different syntax and different semantics (e.g. Visual Prolog) and sub-communities have developed around different implementations. Code that strictly conforms to the ISO-Prolog core language is portable across ISO-compliant implementations. However, the ISO standard for modules is an extension which was not fully adopted in most Prolog systems. Factors that can adversely affect portability include: use of bounded vs. unbounded integer arithmetic, additional types ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prolog Syntax And Semantics
The syntax and semantics of Prolog, a programming language, are the sets of rules that define how a Prolog program is written and how it is interpreted, respectively. The rules are laid out in ISO standard ISO/IEC 13211''ISO/IEC 13211: Information technology — Programming languages — Prolog''. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva. although there are differences in the Prolog implementations. Data types Prolog is dynamically typed. It has a single data type, the ''term'', which has several subtypes: ''atoms'', ''numbers'', ''variables'' and ''compound terms''. An atom is a general-purpose name with no inherent meaning. It is composed of a sequence of characters that is parsed by the Prolog reader as a single unit. Atoms are usually bare words in Prolog code, written with no special syntax. However, atoms containing spaces or certain other special characters must be surrounded by single quotes. Atoms beginning with a capital letter must also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ACM Transactions On Programming Languages And Systems
The ''ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems'' (''TOPLAS'') is a bimonthly, open access, peer-reviewed scientific journal on the topic of programming languages published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Background Published since 1979, the journal's scope includes programming language design, implementation, and semantics of programming languages, compilers and interpreters, run-time systems, storage allocation and garbage collection, and formal specification, testing, and verification of software. It is indexed in Scopus and SCImago. The editor-in-chief is Andrew Myers (Cornell University). According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal had a 2020 impact factor of 0.410. References External links * TOPLASat ACM Digital Library TOPLASat DBLP DBLP is a computer science bibliography website. Starting in 1993 at Universität Trier in Germany, it grew from a small collection of HTML files and became an organization hosting a datab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prolog Programming Language Family
Prolog is a logic programming language that has its origins in artificial intelligence, automated theorem proving, and computational linguistics. Prolog has its roots in first-order logic, a formal logic. Unlike many other programming languages, Prolog is intended primarily as a declarative programming language: the program is a set of facts and Horn clause, rules, which define Finitary relation, relations. A computation is initiated by running a ''query'' over the program. Prolog was one of the first logic programming languages and remains the most popular such language today, with several free and commercial implementations available. The language has been used for automated theorem proving, theorem proving, expert systems, term rewriting, type systems, and automated planning, as well as its original intended field of use, natural language processing. See also Watson (computer). Prolog is a Turing-complete, general-purpose programming language, which is well-suited for inte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
