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CER-203
CER ( sr, Цифарски Електронски Рачунар – ''Digital Electronic Computer'') model 203 is an early digital computer developed by Mihajlo Pupin Institute ( Serbia) in 1971. It was designed to process data of medium-sized businesses: * In banks, for managing and processing of accounts, bookkeeping, foreign-currency and interest calculations, amortization plans and statistics * In manufacturing, for production planning and management, market data processing and forecasting, inventory management, financial document management and process modelling * In utilities, to calculate water and electricity consumption, to produce various reports and lists and for technical calculations and design * In construction industry for network planning method design, financial management and bookkeeping * In trading companies for payment processing, market analysis, inventory management and customer and partner relationship management Specifications Central Processing: * Typ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BMS-203
CER-203 is a central unit of early digital computer developed by Mihajlo Pupin Institute ( Serbia) in 1971. It contained both central processing unit and primary memory. Specifications Central Processing Unit: * Number of instructions: 32 * Performance: ** one 16-cycle instruction: 20 μs ** one single cycle instruction: 5 μs ** addition and/or subtraction of two 15-digit numbers: 20 μs Primary memory: * Capacity: 8 kilowords * Speed (cycle time): 1 μs * Complete, autonomous memory error checking * Parity control See also * CER-203 computer * CER Computers * Mihajlo Pupin Institute * History of computer hardware in the SFRY The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) was a socialist country that existed in the second half of the 20th century. Being socialist meant that strict technology import rules and regulations shaped the development of computer history in ... Early computers {{Compu-hardware-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CER-203
CER ( sr, Цифарски Електронски Рачунар – ''Digital Electronic Computer'') model 203 is an early digital computer developed by Mihajlo Pupin Institute ( Serbia) in 1971. It was designed to process data of medium-sized businesses: * In banks, for managing and processing of accounts, bookkeeping, foreign-currency and interest calculations, amortization plans and statistics * In manufacturing, for production planning and management, market data processing and forecasting, inventory management, financial document management and process modelling * In utilities, to calculate water and electricity consumption, to produce various reports and lists and for technical calculations and design * In construction industry for network planning method design, financial management and bookkeeping * In trading companies for payment processing, market analysis, inventory management and customer and partner relationship management Specifications Central Processing: * Typ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CER Computers
CER ( sh-Latn, Cifarski Elektronski Računar, lit=Digital Electronic Computer) was a series of early computers (based on vacuum tubes and transistors) developed by Mihajlo Pupin Institute in Yugoslavia in the 1960s and 1970s. Models: * CER-10 - 1960, based on vacuum tubes, transistors, electronic relays, and magnetic core memory. First Yugoslav digital computer (developed in "Vinca"-Institute) in (SFRY). * CER-2 - 1963, a prototype model * CER-20 - 1964, CER-30 - 1966, - the prototypes of the "electronic bookkeeping machine" for EI Niš and RIZ Zagreb;. * CER-200 - 1966, series of 18 "electronic bookkeeping computers". * CER-202-1968; CER-203 - 1972 * CER-22 - 1967, based on transistors, MSI circuits, magnetic core memory, punched cards and magnetic disks. Serie of 3 electronic systems, used for on-line banking operations and data processing applications; * CER-12 - 1971, "electronic computer for business data processing", based on VLSI technology, wire wrapping boards, mag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Computer Hardware In The SFRY
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) was a socialist country that existed in the second half of the 20th century. Being socialist meant that strict technology import rules and regulations shaped the development of computer history in the country, unlike in the Western world. However, since it was a non-aligned country, it had no ties to the Soviet Bloc either. One of the major ideas contributing to the development of any technology in SFRY was the apparent need to be independent of foreign suppliers for spare parts, fueling domestic computer development. Development Early computers In former Yugoslavia, at the end of 1962 there were 30 installed electronic computers, in 1966, there were 56, and in 1968 there were 95. Having received training in the European computer centres (Paris 1954 and 1955, Darmstadt 1959, Wien 1960, Cambridge 1961 and London 1964), engineers from the BK.Institute-Vinča and the Mihailo Pupin Institute- Belgrade, led by Prof. dr Tihomir Ale ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mihajlo Pupin Institute
Mihajlo Pupin Institute ( sr, Институт Михајло Пупин, Institut Mihajlo Pupin) is an institute based in Belgrade, Serbia. It is named after Mihajlo Idvorski Pupin and is part of the University of Belgrade. It is notable for manufacturing numerous computer systems used in SFR Yugoslavia - especially early CER and later TIM line of computers. Departments The institute is well known in wide range of fields. In the science community, it is known for early work in humanoid robotics. The institute and companies owned by it compete in fields such as: * System integration and networking, * Information systems for government and industry, Internet/Intranet IS * E-commerce, e-government applications * Decision support systems, expert systems, intelligent Internet applications, * Power systems control, supervision and optimization * Process control and supervision, * Traffic control, GPS * Telecommunications * Digital signal processing * Simulators, training aids, sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serbia
Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Basin and the Balkans. It shares land borders with Hungary to the north, Romania to the northeast, Bulgaria to the southeast, North Macedonia to the south, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina to the west, and Montenegro to the southwest, and claims a border with Albania through the Political status of Kosovo, disputed territory of Kosovo. Serbia without Kosovo has about 6.7 million inhabitants, about 8.4 million if Kosvo is included. Its capital Belgrade is also the List of cities in Serbia, largest city. Continuously inhabited since the Paleolithic Age, the territory of modern-day Serbia faced Slavs#Migrations, Slavic migrations in the 6th century, establishing several regional Principality of Serbia (early medieval), states in the early Mid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Production Planning
Production planning is the planning of production and manufacturing modules in a company or industry. It utilizes the resource allocation of activities of employees, materials and production capacity, in order to serve different customers.Fargher, Hugh E., and Richard A. Smith. "Method and system for production planning." U.S. Patent No. 5,586,021. 17 Dec. 1996. Different types of production methods, such as single item manufacturing, batch production, mass production, continuous production etc. have their own type of production planning. Production planning can be combined with production control into production planning and control, or it can be combined with enterprise resource planning. Overview Production planning is the future of production. It can help in efficient manufacturing or setting up of a production site by facilitating required needs. A production plan is made periodically for a specific time period, called the planning horizon. It can comprise the following ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Computer
A computer is a machine that can be programmed to Execution (computing), carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations (computation) automatically. Modern digital electronic computers can perform generic sets of operations known as Computer program, programs. These programs enable computers to perform a wide range of tasks. A computer system is a nominally complete computer that includes the Computer hardware, hardware, operating system (main software), and peripheral equipment needed and used for full operation. This term may also refer to a group of computers that are linked and function together, such as a computer network or computer cluster. A broad range of Programmable logic controller, industrial and Consumer electronics, consumer products use computers as control systems. Simple special-purpose devices like microwave ovens and remote controls are included, as are factory devices like industrial robots and computer-aided design, as well as general-purpose devi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1 E-6 S
A microsecond is a unit of time in the International System of Units (SI) equal to one millionth (0.000001 or 10−6 or ) of a second. Its symbol is μs, sometimes simplified to us when Unicode is not available. A microsecond is equal to 1000 nanoseconds or of a millisecond. Because the next SI prefix is 1000 times larger, measurements of 10−5 and 10−4 seconds are typically expressed as tens or hundreds of microseconds. Examples * 1 microsecond (1 μs) – cycle time for frequency (1 MHz), the inverse unit. This corresponds to radio wavelength 300 m (AM medium wave band), as can be calculated by multiplying 1 μs by the speed of light (approximately ). * 1 microsecond – the length of time of a high-speed, commercial strobe light flash (see air-gap flash). * 1 microsecond – protein folding takes place on the order of microseconds. * 1.8 microseconds – the amount of time subtracted from the Earth's day as a result of the 2011 Japanese earthquake. * 2 micro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Punched Tape
Five- and eight-hole punched paper tape Paper tape reader on the Harwell computer with a small piece of five-hole tape connected in a circle – creating a physical program loop Punched tape or perforated paper tape is a form of data storage that consists of a long strip of paper in which holes are punched. It developed from and was subsequently used alongside punched cards, differing in that the tape is continuous. Punched cards, and chains of punched cards, were used for control of looms in the 18th century. Use for telegraphy systems started in 1842. Punched tape was used throughout the 19th and for much of the 20th centuries for programmable looms, teleprinter communication, for input to computers of the 1950s and 1960s, and later as a storage medium for minicomputers and CNC machine tools. During the Second World War, high-speed punched tape systems using optical readout methods were used in code breaking systems. Punched tape was used to transmit data for manufacture o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dielectric
In electromagnetism, a dielectric (or dielectric medium) is an electrical insulator that can be polarised by an applied electric field. When a dielectric material is placed in an electric field, electric charges do not flow through the material as they do in an electrical conductor, because they have no loosely bound, or free, electrons that may drift through the material, but instead they shift, only slightly, from their average equilibrium positions, causing dielectric polarisation. Because of dielectric polarisation, positive charges are displaced in the direction of the field and negative charges shift in the direction opposite to the field (for example, if the field is moving parallel to the positive ''x'' axis, the negative charges will shift in the negative ''x'' direction). This creates an internal electric field that reduces the overall field within the dielectric itself. If a dielectric is composed of weakly bonded molecules, those molecules not only become polaris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
