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C4 (classification)
C4 is a para-cycling classification. It includes people with lower limb impairments or issues with lower limb functionality. Disability groups covered by this classification include people with cerebral palsy, amputations and other lower limb impairments. The responsibility for this classification passed from the IPC to the UCI in September 2006. Definition PBS defined this classification as "Cyclists with upper or lower limb impairments and low-level neurological impairment." ''The Telegraph'' defined this classification in 2011 as "C 1–5: Athletes with cerebral palsy, limb impairments and amputations." The UCI recommends this be coded as MC4 or WC4. Disability groups One of the disability groups in this class is people with cerebral palsy from the CP7 and CP8 classes. CP7 sportspeople are able to walk, but appear to do so while having a limp as one side of their body is more affected than the other. They may have involuntary muscles spasms on one side of their body. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Para-cycling Classification
Para-cycling classification is the process of classifying participants in para-cycling covering four functional disability types. The classification system includes classes for handcycles for people who have lower limb mobility issues. The sport is governed by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI). Definition There are fourteen classifications based on functional disability type. The blind classifications are based on medical classification, not functional mobility classification. File:B1 class.png, Visualisation of functional vision for a B1 (classification), B1 competitor File:B2 class.png, Visualisation of functional vision for a B2 (classification), B2 competitor File:B3 class.png, Visualisation of functional vision for a B3 (classification), B3 competitor File:Wheelchair_rugby_profile_classification_C5-6.svg, Functional mobility range of an H1 (classification), H1 classified cyclist File:Wheelchair_rugby_profile_classification_C6-7.svg, Functional mobility range of an H2 ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of movement disorders that appear in early childhood. Signs and symptoms vary among people and over time, but include poor coordination, stiff muscles, weak muscles, and tremors. There may be problems with sensation, vision, hearing, and speaking. Often, babies with cerebral palsy do not roll over, sit, crawl or walk as early as other children of their age. Other symptoms include seizures and problems with thinking or reasoning, which each occur in about one-third of people with CP. While symptoms may get more noticeable over the first few years of life, underlying problems do not worsen over time. Cerebral palsy is caused by abnormal development or damage to the parts of the brain that control movement, balance, and posture. Most often, the problems occur during pregnancy, but they may also occur during childbirth or shortly after birth. Often, the cause is unknown. Risk factors include preterm birth, being a twin, certain infections during pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CP7 (classification)
CP7 is a disability sport classification specific to cerebral palsy. In many sports, it is grouped inside other classifications to allow people with cerebral palsy to compete against people with other different disabilities but with the same level of functionality. Sportspeople in this class can walk but may appear to have a limp as half their body is affected by cerebral palsy. Sports which are open to this classification include athletics, football, skiing, standing volleyball, and swimming. In athletics, they compete in the T37/F37 class. CP7 alpine skiers compete in LW9/1 and LW9/2 in para-alpine, and in LW9 for para-Nordic skiing. CP7 swimmers are often classified in S7, S8, S9 or S10. Definition and participation Cerebral Palsy-International Sports and Recreation Association defined this class in January 2005 as, "Hemiplegic This Class is for the true ambulant hemiplegic athlete. A Class 7 athlete has Spasticity Grade 3 to 2 in one half of the body. They walk wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CP8 (classification)
CP8 is a disability sport classification specific to cerebral palsy. In many sports, it is grouped inside other classifications to allow people with cerebral palsy to compete against people with other different disabilities but the same level of functionality. CP8 classified competitors are the group who are least physically affected by their cerebral palsy, with their disability generally manifested as spasticity in at least one limb. There are a number of sports for which they are eligible to participate in, including alpine skiing, athletics, cycling, football, Nordic skiing, standing volleyball and swimming. In some of these sports, different classification systems or names for CP8 are used. Definition and participation CP8 classified competitors are the group who are least physically affected by their cerebral palsy. CP8 class sports people tend to participate in football, cycling, swimming and athletics. Cerebral Palsy-International Sports and Recreation Association def ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spasticity
Spasticity () is a feature of altered skeletal muscle performance with a combination of paralysis, increased tendon reflex activity, and hypertonia. It is also colloquially referred to as an unusual "tightness", stiffness, or "pull" of muscles. Clinically, spasticity results from the loss of inhibition of motor neurons, causing excessive velocity-dependent muscle contraction. This ultimately leads to hyperreflexia, an exaggerated deep tendon reflex. Spasticity is often treated with the drug baclofen, which acts as an agonist at GABA receptors, which are inhibitory. Spastic cerebral palsy is the most common form of cerebral palsy, which is a group of permanent movement problems that do not get worse over time. GABA's inhibitory actions contribute to baclofen's efficacy as an anti-spasticity agent. Cause Spasticity mostly occurs in disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting the upper motor neurons in the form of a lesion, such as spastic diplegia, or upper motor neu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1988 Summer Paralympics
The 1988 Summer Paralympics () were the first Paralympics in 24 years to take place in the same city as the Olympic Games. They took place in Seoul, South Korea. This was the first time the term "Paralympic" was used officially. Bidding process During the fourth meeting of the International Paralympic Committee held at the Aylesbury Civic Center in England (28 July 1983), two candidate cities made themselves known; * Seoul, South Korea, under the initiative of Dr. Whang Youn Dai * Melbourne, Australia, under the initiative of Dr. John Grant The ICC sent to both cities a questionnaire in order to gauge both cities' interest, as well as their preparedness for hosting such an event, with both candidates given one year to respond. In the end, only Seoul returned with a completed document; as Melbourne did not respond to the ICC. At the same time, a political movement in Australia to have Brisbane host the 1992 Summer Olympics and Paralympic events weakened the case for Mel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Paralympic Committee
The International Paralympic Committee (IPC; german: Internationales Paralympisches Komitee) is an international non-profit organisation and the global governing body for the Paralympic Movement. The IPC organizes the Paralympic Games and functions as the international federation for nine sports. Founded on 22 September 1989 in Düsseldorf, West Germany, its mission is to "enable Paralympic athletes to achieve sporting excellence and inspire and excite the world". Furthermore, the IPC wants to promote the Paralympic values and to create sport opportunities for all persons with a disability, from beginner to elite level. The IPC has a democratic constitution and structure and is composed of representatives from 182 National Paralympic Committees (NPCs), four international organizations of sport for the disabled (IOSDs) and five regional organizations. The IPC's headquarters is located in Bonn, Germany. Overview On the basis of being able to organize the Paralympic Games more ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2016 Summer Paralympics
) , nations = 159 , athletes = 4,342 , opening = 7 September , closing = 18 September , opened_by = President Michel Temer , cauldron = Clodoaldo Silva , events = 528 in 22 sports , stadium = Maracanã , summer_prev = London 2012 , summer_next = Tokyo 2020 , winter_prev = Sochi 2014 , winter_next = Pyeongchang 2018 The 2016 Summer Paralympics (), the 15th Summer Paralympic Games, were a major international multi-sport event for athletes with disabilities governed by the International Paralympic Committee, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 7 to 18 September 2016. The Games marked the first time a Latin American and South American city hosted the event, the second Southern Hemisphere city and nation, the first one being the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney, and also the first time a Lusophone (Portuguese-speaking) country hosted the event. These Games saw the introduction of two new sports to the Paralympic program: canoeing and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tyson Lawrence
Tyson John Lawrence, OAM (born 9 June 1978) is an Australian Paralympic tandem cycling pilot, who worked with Kieran Modra at the 2008 Beijing Games The 2008 Summer Olympics (), officially the Games of the XXIX Olympiad () and also known as Beijing 2008 (), were an international multisport event held from 8 to 24 August 2008, in Beijing, China. A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 Na .... At the games, he won a gold medal in the Men's Individual Pursuit B VI 1-3 event, for which he received a Medal of the Order of Australia, and a bronze medal in the Men's 1 km Time Trial B VI 1-3 event. References 1978 births Paralympic cyclists for Australia Cyclists at the 2008 Summer Paralympics Paralympic gold medalists for Australia Paralympic bronze medalists for Australia Paralympic sighted guides Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia Living people Medalists at the 2008 Summer Paralympics Australian male cyclists Paralympic medalists in cyc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jody Cundy
Jody Alan Cundy, (born 14 October 1978) is an English cyclist and former swimmer. He has represented Great Britain at seven Summer Paralympics winning eight Gold, one Silver and three Bronze medals across swimming and cycling events. He has also competed in multiple World Championships, winning 22 world titles (19 in Cycling and 3 in Swimming.) The most recent coming at the World Championships in Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France October 2022. Personal history Cundy was born in Wisbech, Cambridgeshire to Alan, a fitter-welder, and Ann, an accountancy clerk. He grew up in Norfolk along with his younger brother Ashley. Cundy was born with a deformed foot, which was amputated when he was three years old. Cundy attended the University of Hertfordshire, based in Hatfield, where he was also a member of the town's swimming club. On 12 October 2012, Cundy was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from Anglia Ruskin University with a ceremony at the Cambridge Corn Exchange. Swimming career ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bahman Golbarnezhad
Bahman Golbarnezhad ( fa, بهمن گلبارنژاد, 12 June 1968 – 17 September 2016) was an Iranian Paralympic racing cyclist competing in C4 classification events and an earlier powerlifter. During his powerlifting career, he won twelve gold medals and one silver medal in international competitions. Golbarnezhad had represented Iran in two Summer Paralympic Games, first in 2012 in London and later in 2016 in Rio de Janeiro. He was the only Iranian cyclist at the 2016 Paralympics. He was a veteran of the Iran–Iraq war. On 17 September 2016, Golbarnezhad died in an accident which occurred during the 2016 Summer Paralympics' men's C4-5 road cycling event. Early life and career Golbarnezhad was born and raised in Abadan, Iran. During the Iran–Iraq War, he relocated to Shiraz. In 1988, he fought for Iran in the war and lost his left leg when he walked on a land mine. Three years after his injury, he started his professional sporting career first as a wrestler, then he tu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
