|
Zgorzelec County
__NOTOC__ Zgorzelec County ( pl, powiat zgorzelecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. It is situated in the extreme south-west of Poland, bordering both Germany and the Czech Republic. The county covers an area of . Its administrative seat is Zgorzelec, on the German border; the other towns in the county are Bogatynia, Pieńsk, Zawidów and Węgliniec. As of 2019 the total population of the county is 89,612. The most populated towns are Zgorzelec with 30,374 inhabitants and Bogatynia with 17,436 inhabitants. Neighbouring counties Zgorzelec County is bordered by Żary County and Żagań County to the north, and Bolesławiec County and Lubań County to the east. It also borders the Czech Republic to the south and Germany to the west. Administrative division The county is subdivided into seven gmina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Powiat
A ''powiat'' (pronounced ; Polish plural: ''powiaty'') is the second-level unit of local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a county, district or prefecture ( LAU-1, formerly NUTS-4) in other countries. The term "''powiat''" is most often translated into English as "county" or "district" (sometimes "poviat"). In historical contexts this may be confusing because the Polish term ''hrabstwo'' (an administrative unit administered/owned by a ''hrabia'' (count) is also literally translated as "county". A ''powiat'' is part of a larger unit, the voivodeship (Polish ''województwo'') or province. A ''powiat'' is usually subdivided into '' gmina''s (in English, often referred to as "communes" or "municipalities"). Major towns and cities, however, function as separate counties in their own right, without subdivision into ''gmina''s. They are termed " city counties" (''powiaty grodzkie'' or, more formally, ''miasta na prawach powiatu'') and have roughly the same ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Local Government Reforms
The administrative division of Poland since 1999 has been based on three levels of subdivision. The territory of Poland is divided into ''voivodeships'' (provinces); these are further divided into ''powiats'' (counties or districts), and these in turn are divided into ''gminas'' (communes or municipalities). Major cities normally have the status of both gmina and powiat. Poland currently has 16 voivodeships, 380 powiats (including 66 cities with powiat status), and 2,478 gminas. The current system was introduced pursuant to a series of acts passed by the Polish parliament in 1998, and came into effect on 1 January 1999. Between 1975 and 1998 there had been 49 smaller voivodeships and no powiats (see subdivisions of the Polish People's Republic). The reform created 16 larger voivodeships (largely based on and named after historical regions) and reintroduced powiats. The boundaries of the voivodeships do not always reflect the historical borders of Polish regions. Around half of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulików, Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Sulików (german: Schönberg) is a village (former town) in Zgorzelec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Sulików, close to the Czech border. It lies approximately south-east of Zgorzelec, and west of the regional capital Wrocław. The village has a population of 2,014. History In the Early Middle Ages, Sulików was a stronghold of the Bieżuńczanie tribe, one of the Polish tribes. Since the 11th century, the settlement was under Polish, Czech, Hungarian and Saxon rule. Afterwards, in 1815 it was annexed by Prussia, within which it was administratively located in the Province of Silesia, and from 1871 to 1945 it was also part of Germany. Following World War II the German populace was expelled in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement and the village was repopulated by Poles Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a We ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gmina
The gmina (Polish: , plural ''gminy'' , from German ''Gemeinde'' meaning ''commune'') is the principal unit of the administrative division of Poland, similar to a municipality. , there were 2,477 gminas throughout the country, encompassing over 43,000 villages. 940 gminas include cities and towns, with 302 among them constituting an independent urban gmina ( pl, gmina miejska) consisting solely of a standalone town or one of the 107 cities, the latter governed by a city mayor (''prezydent miasta''). The gmina has been the basic unit of territorial division in Poland since 1974, when it replaced the smaller gromada (cluster). Three or more gminas make up a higher level unit called powiat, except for those holding the status of a city with powiat rights. Each and every powiat has the seat in a city or town, in the latter case either an urban gmina or a part of an urban-rural one. Types There are three types of gmina: #302 urban gmina ( pl, gmina miejska) constituted either by a sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lubań County
__NOTOC__ Lubań County ( pl, powiat lubański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The county covers an area of . Its administrative seat and largest town is Lubań. The county also contains the towns of Olszyna, Leśna and Świeradów-Zdrój. As at 2006 the total population of the county is 54,493, out of which the population of Lubań is 21,087, that of Leśna is 4,439, that of Olszyna is 4,348, that of Świeradów-Zdrój is 4,147, and the rural population is 20,472. Neighbouring counties Lubań County is bordered by Zgorzelec County to the west, Bolesławiec County to the north-east and Lwówek Śląski County to the east. It also borders the Czech Republic to the south. Administrative division The county is subdivided into seven gmina The gmina (Polish: , plural ''gminy'' , from Ger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolesławiec County
__NOTOC__ Bolesławiec County ( pl, powiat bolesławiecki) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, southwestern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the town of Bolesławiec, famed for its pottery, and its only other town is Nowogrodziec. The county covers an area of . As at 2019 the total population of the county is 90,108, of which the population of Bolesławiec is 38,852, that of Nowogrodziec is 4,243, and the rural population is 47,013. Neighbouring counties Bolesławiec County is bordered by Żagań County to the north, Polkowice County to the north-east, Legnica County and Złotoryja County to the east, Lwówek Śląski County to the south, Lubań County to the south-west, and Zgorzelec County to the west. Administrative division The county is subdivided into six gmina The gmina (Polish: , plural ''gminy'' , f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Żagań County
__NOTOC__ Żagań County ( pl, powiat żagański) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lubusz Voivodeship, western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Żagań, which lies south of Zielona Góra and south of Gorzów Wielkopolski. The county contains four other towns: Szprotawa, lying south-east of Żagań, Iłowa, lying south-west of Żagań, Małomice, lying south-east of Żagań, and Gozdnica, south-west of Żagań. The county covers an area of . As of 2019 its total population is 79,297. The most populated towns are Żagań with 25,731 inhabitants and Szprotawa with 11,820 inhabitants. Neighbouring counties Żagań County is bordered by Zielona Góra County to the north, Nowa Sól County to the north-east, Głogów County and Polkowice County to the east, Bolesławiec County and Zgorzelec County to the south, and Żar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Żary County
__NOTOC__ Żary County ( pl, powiat żarski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lubusz Voivodeship, western Poland, on the German border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Żary, which lies south-west of Zielona Góra and south of Gorzów Wielkopolski. The county contains three other towns: Lubsko, lying north-west of Żary, Jasień, lying north-west of Żary, and Łęknica, west of Żary. The county covers an area of . As of 2019 its total population is 96,496, out of which the population of Żary is 37,502, that of Lubsko is 13,921, that of Jasień is 4,309, that of Łęknica is 2,478, and the rural population is 38,286. Neighbouring counties Żary County is bordered by Krosno Odrzańskie County to the north, Zielona Góra County to the north-east, Żagań County to the east and Zgorzelec County to the south. It also bord ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Węgliniec
Węgliniec (german: Kohlfurt) is a town in Zgorzelec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland, close to the border with Germany. It is the seat of the administrative district (gmina) called Gmina Węgliniec. The town lies approximately north-east of Zgorzelec, and west of the regional capital Wrocław. As of 2019, the town has a population of 2,846. History The oldest known historical mention of the settlement dates back to 1502 ''Zmiana Studium Uwarunkowań i Kierunków Zagospodarowania Przestrzennego Gminy Węgliniec (projekt)'', Węgliniec, 2015, p. 35 (in Polish) in the context of medieval German Ostsiedlung, receiving the name ''Kohlfurt''. In 1742 it was annexed by Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia. It was plundered by different armies during the Third Silesian War (1756–1763).Krzysztof Mazurski, ''Z przeszłości Węglińca.'' „Wędrowiec. Wrocławskie zeszyty krajoznawcze”, Wrocław, 1996, p. 56-61 (in Polish) In 1846 a railway line connecting Wroc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pieńsk
Pieńsk (german: Penzig) is a town in Zgorzelec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of the administrative district ( gmina) called Gmina Pieńsk, and stands on the east bank of the Lusatian Neisse river, which forms the border between Poland and Germany. The town lies approximately north of Zgorzelec, and west of the regional capital Wrocław. , it has a population of 5,828. Historically considered as part of Upper Lusatia, although more closely associated with Lower Silesia in the early 14th century and from 1815. History In the Early Middle Ages, Pieńsk was a stronghold of the Bieżuńczanie tribe, one of the Polish tribes. The oldest known mention of the settlement dates back to 965. Its name is of Slavic origin, and comes from the word ''pień'', which means " trunk". It was included in the early Polish state by first Polish King Bolesław I the Brave and in the 11th century it passed to the Duchy of Bohemia, which was elevated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bogatynia
Bogatynia (; German: ''Reichenau in Sachsen'') is a town in Zgorzelec County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. As of December 2021, the town has a population of 16,460. Geography The municipal area forms Poland's "Turoszów panhandle" ( pl, Worek Turoszowski) between the Czech town of Frýdlant in the east and the German town of Zittau in the west. To the southwest, the tripoint of the Czech, German, and Polish borders is located on the Neisse River. The town lies approximately south of Zgorzelec, and west of the regional capital Wrocław. The town has an area of . History The settlement of ''Richnow'' (modern German: ''Reichenau'', i.e. 'rich vale') in the historical region of Upper Lusatia was first mentioned in a 1262 deed, then a possession of Cistercian St. Marienthal Abbey near Ostritz. It prospered from its location on an important trade route connecting Dresden, residence of the Meissen margraves, with Świdnica in Silesia. Initially a possession ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The Czech Republic has a hilly landscape that covers an area of with a mostly temperate continental and oceanic climate. The capital and largest city is Prague; other major cities and urban areas include Brno, Ostrava, Plzeň and Liberec. The Duchy of Bohemia was founded in the late 9th century under Great Moravia. It was formally recognized as an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire in 1002 and became a kingdom in 1198. Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526, the whole Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg monarchy. The Protestant Bohemian Revolt led to the Thirty Years' War. After the Battle of White Mountain, the Habsburgs consolidated their rule. With the dissolution of the Holy Empire in 1806, the Cro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
