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Zancleidae
Zancleidae is a family of cnidarians belonging to the order Anthoathecata. Genera: * '' Ctenaria'' Haeckel, 1879 * '' Halocoryne'' Hadzi, 1917 * '' Oonautes'' Damas, 1937 * ''Zanclea'' Gegenbaur, 1856 * '' Zanclella'' Boero & Hewitt, 1992 Defining characteristics Zancleidae is a family of hydrozoans from the order Anthoathecata. Hydrozoans are a class from the phylum Cnidarian, which include jellyfish, sea anemones, and other invertebrates. Cnidarians are defined by their two distinct tissue layers and radial symmetry. These characteristics distinguish them from invertebrates of the clade bilateria, which possess bilateral symmetry in their adult or larval forms. Hydrozoans can be colonial or solitary organisms and are often very small on their own. Zancleidae polyps are arranged in colonies and range from 700-750 um in their medusa stage. Currently, there are three main genera described as, Zanclea Gegenbaur, Halocoryne Hadzi, and Zanclella Boero & Hewitt. Within these three ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zancleidae
Zancleidae is a family of cnidarians belonging to the order Anthoathecata. Genera: * '' Ctenaria'' Haeckel, 1879 * '' Halocoryne'' Hadzi, 1917 * '' Oonautes'' Damas, 1937 * ''Zanclea'' Gegenbaur, 1856 * '' Zanclella'' Boero & Hewitt, 1992 Defining characteristics Zancleidae is a family of hydrozoans from the order Anthoathecata. Hydrozoans are a class from the phylum Cnidarian, which include jellyfish, sea anemones, and other invertebrates. Cnidarians are defined by their two distinct tissue layers and radial symmetry. These characteristics distinguish them from invertebrates of the clade bilateria, which possess bilateral symmetry in their adult or larval forms. Hydrozoans can be colonial or solitary organisms and are often very small on their own. Zancleidae polyps are arranged in colonies and range from 700-750 um in their medusa stage. Currently, there are three main genera described as, Zanclea Gegenbaur, Halocoryne Hadzi, and Zanclella Boero & Hewitt. Within these three ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthoathecata
Anthoathecata, or the athecate hydroids, are an order of hydrozoans belonging to the phylum Cnidaria. A profusion of alternate scientific names exists for this long-known, heavily discussed, and spectacular group. It has also been called Gymnoblastea and (with or without an emended ending ''-ae''), Anthomedusa, Athecata, Hydromedusa, and Stylasterina. There are about 1,200 species worldwide.Schuchert, P. (2014). Anthoathecata. Accessed through: Schuchert, P. (2014) World Hydrozoa database at http://www.marinespecies.org/hydrozoa/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=13551 on 2014-10-31 These hydrozoans always have a polyp stage. Their hydranths grow either solitary or in colonies. There is no firm perisarc around the polyp body. The medusae, or jellyfish, are solitary animals, with tentacles arising from the bell margin, lacking statocysts but possessing radial canals. Their gonads are on the manubrium ("handle").Bouillon, J.; Gravili, C.; Pagès, F.; Gili, J.-M.; Boero, F. (2006). An in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zanclea
''Zanclea'' is a genus of hydrozoans belonging to the family Zancleidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species Species: *'' Zanclea alba'' *'' Zanclea apicata'' *'' Zanclea apophysis'' *''Zanclea baudini'' *'' Zanclea bomala'' *'' Zanclea carinata'' *'' Zanclea cladophora'' *'' Zanclea costata'' *'' Zanclea cubensis'' *'' Zanclea cylindrica'' *'' Zanclea divergens'' *'' Zanclea dubia'' *'' Zanclea eilatensis'' *'' Zanclea exposita'' *''Zanclea fanella'' *'' Zanclea gallii'' *'' Zanclea gemmosa'' *'' Zanclea giancarloi'' *''Zanclea gilii'' *''Zanclea hicksoni'' *''Zanclea hirohitoi'' *''Zanclea implexa'' *''Zanclea indica'' *''Zanclea indopacifica'' *''Zanclea macrocystae'' *''Zanclea margarita'' *''Zanclea medusopolypata'' *''Zanclea migottoi ''Zanclea'' is a genus of hydrozoans belonging to the family Zancleidae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species Species: *'' Zanclea alba'' *'' Zanclea apicata'' *'' Zanclea apophysis' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Capitata
Capitata is a suborder of Hydrozoa, a class of marine invertebrates belonging to the phylum Cnidaria. Characteristics Members of this suborder are characterised by the tentacles of the polyps terminating in knobs. In some species these are only present in juvenile forms being replaced in adults by more threadlike tentacles. A high nematocyst concentration is present in the knobs. A few species in this group are better known as their solitary medusa form than as their polyp form. These include ''Sarsia'', '' Polyorchis'' and '' Cladonema''. Families According to the World Register of Marine Species, the following families are found in this suborder : * Asyncorynidae Kramp, 1949 * Cladocorynidae Allman, 1872 * Cladonematidae Gegenbaur, 1857 * Corynidae Johnston, 1836 * Halimedusidae Arai & Brinckmann-Voss, 1980 * Hydrocorynidae Rees, 1957 *Milleporidae Fleming, 1828 * Moerisiidae Poche, 1914 * Pennariidae McCrady, 1859 *Porpitidae Goldfuss, 1818 * Pseudosolanderiidae Bouillo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bryozoa
Bryozoa (also known as the Polyzoa, Ectoprocta or commonly as moss animals) are a phylum of simple, aquatic invertebrate animals, nearly all living in sedentary colonies. Typically about long, they have a special feeding structure called a lophophore, a "crown" of tentacles used for filter feeding. Most marine bryozoans live in tropical waters, but a few are found in oceanic trenches and polar waters. The bryozoans are classified as the marine bryozoans (Stenolaemata), freshwater bryozoans (Phylactolaemata), and mostly-marine bryozoans (Gymnolaemata), a few members of which prefer brackish water. 5,869living species are known. At least two genera are solitary (''Aethozooides'' and ''Monobryozoon''); the rest are colonial. The terms Polyzoa and Bryozoa were introduced in 1830 and 1831, respectively. Soon after it was named, another group of animals was discovered whose filtering mechanism looked similar, so it was included in Bryozoa until 1869, when the two groups wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyp (zoology)
A polyp in zoology is one of two forms found in the phylum Cnidaria, the other being the medusa. Polyps are roughly cylindrical in shape and elongated at the axis of the vase-shaped body. In solitary polyps, the aboral (opposite to oral) end is attached to the substrate by means of a disc-like holdfast called a pedal disc, while in colonies of polyps it is connected to other polyps, either directly or indirectly. The oral end contains the mouth, and is surrounded by a circlet of tentacles. Classes In the class Anthozoa, comprising the sea anemones and corals, the individual is always a polyp; in the class Hydrozoa, however, the individual may be either a polyp or a medusa, with most species undergoing a life cycle with both a polyp stage and a medusa stage. In class Scyphozoa, the medusa stage is dominant, and the polyp stage may or may not be present, depending on the family. In those scyphozoans that have the larval planula metamorphose into a polyp, the po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infralittoral
The littoral zone or nearshore is the part of a sea, lake, or river that is close to the shore. In coastal ecology, the littoral zone includes the intertidal zone extending from the high water mark (which is rarely inundated), to coastal areas that are permanently submerged — known as the ''foreshore'' — and the terms are often used interchangeably. However, the geographical meaning of ''littoral zone'' extends well beyond the intertidal zone to include all neritic waters within the bounds of continental shelves. Etymology The word ''littoral'' may be used both as a noun and as an adjective. It derives from the Latin noun ''litus, litoris'', meaning "shore". (The doubled ''t'' is a late-medieval innovation, and the word is sometimes seen in the more classical-looking spelling ''litoral''.) Description The term has no single definition. What is regarded as the full extent of the littoral zone, and the way the littoral zone is divided into subregions, varies in different ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intertidal Zone
The intertidal zone, also known as the foreshore, is the area above water level at low tide and underwater at high tide (in other words, the area within the tidal range). This area can include several types of habitats with various species of life, such as seastars, sea urchins, and many species of coral with regional differences in biodiversity. Sometimes it is referred to as the ''littoral zone'' or '' seashore'', although those can be defined as a wider region. The well-known area also includes steep rocky cliffs, sandy beaches, bogs or wetlands (e.g., vast mudflats). The area can be a narrow strip, as in Pacific islands that have only a narrow tidal range, or can include many meters of shoreline where shallow beach slopes interact with high tidal excursion. The peritidal zone is similar but somewhat wider, extending from above the highest tide level to below the lowest. Organisms in the intertidal zone are adapted to an environment of harsh extremes, living in water p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Benthic Zone
The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean, lake, or stream, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers. The name comes from ancient Greek, βένθος (bénthos), meaning "the depths." Organisms living in this zone are called benthos and include microorganisms (e.g., bacteria and fungi) as well as larger invertebrates, such as crustaceans and polychaetes. Organisms here generally live in close relationship with the substrate and many are permanently attached to the bottom. The benthic boundary layer, which includes the bottom layer of water and the uppermost layer of sediment directly influenced by the overlying water, is an integral part of the benthic zone, as it greatly influences the biological activity that takes place there. Examples of contact soil layers include sand bottoms, rocky outcrops, coral, and bay mud. Description Oceans The benthic region of the ocean begins at the shore line ( intert ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zooplankton
Zooplankton are the animal component of the planktonic community ("zoo" comes from the Greek word for ''animal''). Plankton are aquatic organisms that are unable to swim effectively against currents, and consequently drift or are carried along by currents in the ocean, or by currents in seas, lakes or rivers. Zooplankton can be contrasted with phytoplankton, which are the plant component of the plankton community ("phyto" comes from the Greek word for ''plant''). Zooplankton are heterotrophic (other-feeding), whereas phytoplankton are autotrophic (self-feeding). This means zooplankton cannot manufacture their own food but must eat other plants or animals instead — in particular they eat phytoplankton. Zooplankton are generally larger than phytoplankton, most are microscopic, but some (such as jellyfish) are macroscopic and can be seen with the naked eye. Many protozoans (single-celled protists that prey on other microscopic life) are zooplankton, including zooflagellates, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lophophore
The lophophore () is a characteristic feeding organ possessed by four major groups of animals: the Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, Hyolitha, and Phoronida, which collectively constitute the protostome group Lophophorata.Introduction to the Lophotrochozoa – Retrieved 3 May 2010 All lophophores are found in aquatic organisms. Etymology ''Lophophore'' is derived from the Greek ''lophos'' (crest, tuft) and ''-phore'', ''-phoros'' (φορος) (bearing), a derivative of ''phérein'' (φέρειν) (to bear); thus crest-bearing.Characteristics The lophophore can most easily be described as a ring of ciliated tentacles surrounding the mouth, but it is often horseshoe-shaped or coiled. Phoronids have thei ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cnidocyte
A cnidocyte (also known as a cnidoblast or nematocyte) is an explosive cell containing one large secretory organelle called a cnidocyst (also known as a cnida () or nematocyst) that can deliver a sting to other organisms. The presence of this cell defines the phylum Cnidaria (corals, sea anemones, hydrae, jellyfish, etc.). Cnidae are used to capture prey and as a defense against predators. A cnidocyte fires a structure that contains a toxin within the cnidocyst; this is responsible for the stings delivered by a cnidarian. Structure and function Each cnidocyte contains an organelle called a cnida, cnidocyst, nematocyst, ptychocyst or spirocyst. This organelle consists of a bulb-shaped capsule containing a coiled hollow tubule structure attached to it. An immature cnidocyte is referred to as a cnidoblast or nematoblast. The externally oriented side of the cell has a hair-like trigger called a cnidocil, which is a mechano- and chemo-receptor. When the trigger is activated, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
