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Tngri
In the pantheon of Mongolian shamanism and Tengrism, tngri (also ''tengri'', ''tegrí'') constitute the highest class of divinities and are attested in sources going back to the 13th century. They are led by different chief deities in different documents and are divided into a number of different groups—including black (terrifying) and white (benevolent), and eastern and western. While there generally seem to be 99 ''tngri'', some documents propose three others (from the north), and while they are generally the highest divinities, some liturgical texts propose an additional group of 33 chief gods alongside the ''tngri''. They were invoked only by the highest shamans and leaders for special occasions; they continue to be venerated especially in black shamanism. Chief among the ''tngri'' are Qormusata Tngri and (Khan) Möngke Tngri. The term ''tngri'' is cognate with the Turkic theonym ''tengri'' "sky", Mongolian ''taŋɣaraɣ'' "oath" and ''tenger'' "sky". Mongolian pantheon In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tngri
In the pantheon of Mongolian shamanism and Tengrism, tngri (also ''tengri'', ''tegrí'') constitute the highest class of divinities and are attested in sources going back to the 13th century. They are led by different chief deities in different documents and are divided into a number of different groups—including black (terrifying) and white (benevolent), and eastern and western. While there generally seem to be 99 ''tngri'', some documents propose three others (from the north), and while they are generally the highest divinities, some liturgical texts propose an additional group of 33 chief gods alongside the ''tngri''. They were invoked only by the highest shamans and leaders for special occasions; they continue to be venerated especially in black shamanism. Chief among the ''tngri'' are Qormusata Tngri and (Khan) Möngke Tngri. The term ''tngri'' is cognate with the Turkic theonym ''tengri'' "sky", Mongolian ''taŋɣaraɣ'' "oath" and ''tenger'' "sky". Mongolian pantheon In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sülde Tngri
Sülde Tngri is an equestrian war god, one of the tngri, the highest group of divinities in Mongolian shamanism and Buddhism Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religions, Indian religion or Indian philosophy#Buddhist philosophy, philosophical tradition based on Pre-sectarian Buddhism, teachings attributed to the Buddha. .... He is usually depicted as an armored warrior riding a horse. In Mongolian shamanism, everyone possesses a guardian spirit, called a sülde. "Sülde Tngri" can refer to the sülde of any great leader, but it primarily refers to the deified sülde of Genghis Khan. As a war god, Sülde Tngri's primary function is protecting his devotees from their enemies and aiding them in battles against their foes. Descriptions and appearance The exact details of Sülde Tngri's appearance and entourage vary among artwork of him. He has been illustrated as a man wearing armor and a helmet adorned by triangular flags or ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qormusta Tengri
Qormusta Tengri ( Cyrillic: Хурмаста, Хормуста-тенгри, Хан-Хурмаста; from the Sogdian Хурмазта/Khurmazta; also transliterated as Qormusata (Tngri), Khormusta (Tngri), Hormusta (Tngri), and Qormusda (Tngri)) is a god in Tengrism and shamanism, described as the chief god of the 99 ''tngri'' and leader of the 33 gods. Hormusta is the counterpart of the Turkic deities, Hürmüz and Kormos Khan. According to Walther Heissig, the group of 33 gods led by Qormusata Tngri exists alongside the well-known group of 99 ''tngri''. Qormusata Tngri derives his name from Ahura Mazda. He is analogous to the Indian Buddhist deity Śakra (to whom Michael York compares him, as a more active being), ruler of the Buddhist heaven of the Thirty-three. Qormusata Tngri leads those 33, and in early texts is also mentioned as leading the 99 ''tngri''. He is connected to the origin of fire: "Buddha struck the light and 'Qormusata Tngri lit the fire'." A fable of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qormusata Tngri
Qormusta Tengri (Cyrillic: Хурмаста, Хормуста-тенгри, Хан-Хурмаста; from the Sogdian Хурмазта/Khurmazta; also transliterated as Qormusata (Tngri), Khormusta (Tngri), Hormusta (Tngri), and Qormusda (Tngri)) is a god in Tengrism and shamanism, described as the chief god of the 99 ''tngri'' and leader of the 33 gods. Hormusta is the counterpart of the Turkic deities, Hürmüz and Kormos Khan. According to Walther Heissig, the group of 33 gods led by Qormusata Tngri exists alongside the well-known group of 99 ''tngri''. Qormusata Tngri derives his name from Ahura Mazda. He is analogous to the Indian Buddhist deity Śakra (to whom Michael York compares him, as a more active being), ruler of the Buddhist heaven of the Thirty-three. Qormusata Tngri leads those 33, and in early texts is also mentioned as leading the 99 ''tngri''. He is connected to the origin of fire: "Buddha struck the light and 'Qormusata Tngri lit the fire'." A fable of a fox ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dayisun Tngri
Daichsun Tngri, also known as Dayisud Tngri and Dayičin Tngri, is a Mongolian war god "of a protective function" to whom captured enemies were sometimes sacrificed. One of the equestrian deities within the Mongolian pantheon of 99 tngri, Dayisun Tngri may appear as a mounted warrior. Some of his characteristics may be the result of the "syncretistic influence of Lamaism" (Tibetan Buddhism); the 5th Dalai Lama composed invocations to this deity. See also *Mongolian shamanism Mongolian shamanism ( mn, Бөө мөргөл — ''Böö mörgöl''), more broadly called the Mongolian folk religion, or occasionally Tengerism, refers to the animistic and shamanic ethnic religion that has been practiced in Mongolia and it ... References Further reading *Heissig, Walther 1964 Ein Ms.-Fragment zum Kult der Dayisud-un Tngri und andere mongolische Fragmente im Ethnographischen Museum Antwerpen, Central Asiatic Journal IX, pp. 190–202. Tngri War gods {{Asia-myth-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mongolian Shamanism
Mongolian shamanism ( mn, Бөө мөргөл — ''Böö mörgöl''), more broadly called the Mongolian folk religion, or occasionally Tengerism, refers to the animistic and shamanic ethnic religion that has been practiced in Mongolia and its surrounding areas (including Buryatia and Inner Mongolia) at least since the age of recorded history. In the earliest known stages it was intricately tied to all other aspects of social life and to the tribal organization of Mongolian society. Along the way, it has become influenced by and mingled with Buddhism. During the socialist years of the twentieth century, it was heavily repressed, but has since made a comeback. Yellow shamanism defines a distinct form of shamanism practiced in Mongolia and Siberia. The term "yellow" in "Yellow Shamanism" is derived from "Yellow Buddhist"; more commonly known as Tibetan Buddhism, this style of Shamanism integrated elements of ritual practice and traditional Buddhist customs. The Gelukpa (or G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tengrism
Tengrism (also known as Tengriism, Tengerism, or Tengrianism) is an ethnic and old state Turkic peoples, Turko-Mongolic peoples, Mongolic religion originating in the Eurasian Steppe, Eurasian steppes, based on folk shamanism, animism and generally centered around the titular sky god Tengri. Tengri was not considered a deity in the usual sense, but a personification of the universe. The purpose of life is, according to the Tengris view, to live in harmony with the universe. It was the prevailing religion of the Turks, Mongols, Bulgars, Xiongnu, Huns and possibly the Hungarians, and the state religion of several medieval states: First Turkic Khaganate, Western Turkic Khaganate, Eastern Turkic Khaganate, Old Great Bulgaria, First Bulgarian Empire, Volga Bulgaria, and Khazaria, Eastern Tourkia (Khazaria), Mongol Empire. In ''Irk Bitig'', a ninth century manuscript on divination, Tengri is mentioned as (God of Turks). According to many academics, Tengrism was a predominantly polyth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tengri
Tengri ( zh, 騰格里; otk, 𐰚𐰇𐰚:𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃, Kök Teŋri/Teŋiri, lit=Blue Heaven; Old Uyghur: ''tängri''; Middle Turkic: تآنغرِ; ky, теңир; tr, Tanrı; az, Tanrı; bg, Тангра; Proto-Turkic *''teŋri / *taŋrɨ''; Mongolian script: , ''T'ngri''; Modern Mongolian: Тэнгэр, ''Tenger''; Uyghur: تەڭرى ''tengri'' ) is the All-Encompassing God of Heaven in the traditional Turko-Mongolian religious beliefs. It is also one of the names for the primary chief deity of the early Turkic and Mongolic peoples. Worship of Tengri is Tengrism. The core beings in Tengrism are the Heavenly-Father (Tengri/Tenger Etseg) and the Earth Mother ( Eje/Gazar Eej). It involves shamanism, animism, totemism and ancestor worship. Name The oldest form of the name is recorded in Chinese annals from the 4th century BC, describing the beliefs of the Xiongnu. It takes the form 撑犁/''Cheng-li'', which is hypothesized to be a Chinese transcription of '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tengri
Tengri ( zh, 騰格里; otk, 𐰚𐰇𐰚:𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃, Kök Teŋri/Teŋiri, lit=Blue Heaven; Old Uyghur: ''tängri''; Middle Turkic: تآنغرِ; ky, теңир; tr, Tanrı; az, Tanrı; bg, Тангра; Proto-Turkic *''teŋri / *taŋrɨ''; Mongolian script: , ''T'ngri''; Modern Mongolian: Тэнгэр, ''Tenger''; Uyghur: تەڭرى ''tengri'' ) is the All-Encompassing God of Heaven in the traditional Turko-Mongolian religious beliefs. It is also one of the names for the primary chief deity of the early Turkic and Mongolic peoples. Worship of Tengri is Tengrism. The core beings in Tengrism are the Heavenly-Father (Tengri/Tenger Etseg) and the Earth Mother ( Eje/Gazar Eej). It involves shamanism, animism, totemism and ancestor worship. Name The oldest form of the name is recorded in Chinese annals from the 4th century BC, describing the beliefs of the Xiongnu. It takes the form 撑犁/''Cheng-li'', which is hypothesized to be a Chinese transcription of '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arshi Tengri
Arshi Tengri, is a god who is associated with the fire ritual as practiced in Mongolian Buddhism and Tengri Paganism. The epithet is found in a prayer by the 18th-century lama Mergen Gegen Lubsangdambijalsan, where it is added to the name of the "Khan of the fire". "Arshi" derives from Sanskrit ''rsi''; "tngri" refers to the 99 tngri or Mongolian deities. See also *Mongolian shamanism Mongolian shamanism ( mn, Бөө мөргөл — ''Böö mörgöl''), more broadly called the Mongolian folk religion, or occasionally Tengerism, refers to the animistic and shamanic ethnic religion that has been practiced in Mongolia and it ... References Mongolian shamanism Tngri Fire gods {{Asia-myth-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Secret History Of The Mongols
''The Secret History of the Mongols'' (Middle Mongol: ''Mongɣol‑un niɣuca tobciyan''; Traditional Mongolian: , Khalkha Mongolian: , ; ) is the oldest surviving literary work in the Mongolian language. It was written for the Mongol royal family some time after the 1227 death of Genghis Khan (born Temujin). The author is anonymous and probably originally wrote in the Mongolian script, but the surviving texts all derive from transcriptions or translations into Chinese characters that date from the end of the 14th century and were compiled by the Ming dynasty under the title ''The Secret History of the Yuan Dynasty'' (). Also known as ''Tobchiyan'' ( or ) in the ''History of Yuan''. The ''Secret History'' is regarded as the single most significant native Mongolian account of Genghis Khan. Linguistically, it provides the richest source of pre-classical Mongolian and Middle Mongolian. The ''Secret History'' is regarded as a piece of classic literature in both Mongolia and the res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walther Heissig
Walther Heissig (December 5, 1913 – September 5, 2005) was an Austrian Mongolist. Life Heissig was born in Vienna. He studied prehistory, ethnology, historical geography, sinology and Mongolian in Berlin and Vienna, and got his doctoral degree in 1941 in Vienna. Afterwards he traveled to China, worked at the Fu-jen University in Beijing and visited China's Inner Mongolia region. In 1945/46 he had to leave China in an affair about alleged espionage for Japan by German nationals.The so-called Shanghai trial (german: Schanghai-Prozess). In 1951 he obtained his habilitation at Göttingen, but, on failing to obtain a position there, he undertook to pursue his second habilitation at the Bonn in 1957. In 1964, he was appointed the Chair of the Central Asian seminar at Bonn University. Academic interests His major fields of study were Mongolian history, literature, and also Mongolian maps. He not only made a number of invaluable contributions in the academic field, but also edited ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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