|
Testudinata
Testudinata is the group of all tetrapods with a true turtle shell. It includes both modern turtles (Testudines) and many of their extinct, shelled relatives (stem-turtles). Though it was first coined as the group containing turtles by Jacob Theodor Klein in 1760, it was first defined in the modern sense by Joyce and colleagues in 2004. Testudinata does not include the primitive stem-turtle ''Odontochelys'', which only had the bottom half of a shell. A recent phylogenetic tree of Testudinata included Angolachelonia and Testudines Turtles are an order of reptiles known as Testudines, characterized by a special shell developed mainly from their ribs. Modern turtles are divided into two major groups, the Pleurodira (side necked turtles) and Cryptodira (hidden necked t ... as sister-taxa and subgroups of Testudinata. Classification The cladogram below follows an analysis by Jérémy Anquetin in 2012. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q16114972 Reptile taxonomy Norian f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chuannanchelys
Testudinata is the group of all tetrapods with a true turtle shell. It includes both modern turtles (Testudines) and many of their extinct, shelled relatives (stem-turtles). Though it was first coined as the group containing turtles by Jacob Theodor Klein in 1760, it was first defined in the modern sense by Joyce and colleagues in 2004. Testudinata does not include the primitive stem-turtle ''Odontochelys'', which only had the bottom half of a shell. A recent phylogenetic tree of Testudinata included Angolachelonia and Testudines Turtles are an order of reptiles known as Testudines, characterized by a special shell developed mainly from their ribs. Modern turtles are divided into two major groups, the Pleurodira (side necked turtles) and Cryptodira (hidden necked t ... as sister-taxa and subgroups of Testudinata. Classification The cladogram below follows an analysis by Jérémy Anquetin in 2012. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q16114972 Reptile taxonomy Norian f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proganochelys Quenstedti
''Proganochelys'' is an extinct, primitive stem-turtle that has been hypothesized to be the sister taxon to all other turtles creating a monophyletic group, the ''Casichelydia''. ''Proganochelys'' was named by Georg Baur in 1887 as the oldest turtle in existence at the time. The name ''Proganochelys'' comes from the Greek word ''ganos'' meaning 'brightness', combined with prefix ''pro'', 'before', and Greek base ''chelys'' meaning 'turtle'. ''Proganochelys'' is believed to have been around 1 meter in size and herbivorous in nature. ''Proganochelys'' was known as the most primitive stem-turtle for over a century, until the novel discovery of ''Odontochelys'' in 2008. ''Odontochelys'' and ''Proganochelys'' share unique primitive features that are not found in ''Casichelydia'', such as teeth on the pterygoid and vomer and a plate-like coracoid. ''Proganochelys'' is the oldest stem-turtle species with a complete shell discovered to date, known from fossils found in Germany, Switzerla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesochelydia
Mesochelydia (from Greek ''mesos'' "middle" and ''chelys'' "turtle") is a clade within Pantestudines, more inclusive than Perichelydia, but less than Testudinata. The clade is known from the Early Jurassic to the Present, and contains all Jurassic representatives of Testudinata aside from '' Australochelys.'' The ancestral condition for Mesochelydia is thought to be aquatic, as opposed to terrestrial for Testudinata. They are distinguished from more basal testudinatans by the presence of the following characters: strap like pectoral girdle, supramarginals absent, reduced posterior entoplastral process, eleven pairs of peripherals, elongate processus interfenestralis, paired basioccipital tubercles, fully formed cavum tympani and antrum postoticum, single vomer, confluent external nares, lacrimals and supratemporals absent. Taxonomy * '' Condorchelys'' Sterli, 2008 Cañadón Asfalto Formation, Middle Jurassic, Argentina * '' Eileanchelys'' Anquetin et al. 2009 Kilmaluag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proganochelys
''Proganochelys'' is an extinct, primitive stem-turtle that has been hypothesized to be the sister taxon to all other turtles creating a monophyletic group, the ''Casichelydia''. ''Proganochelys'' was named by Georg Baur in 1887 as the oldest turtle in existence at the time. The name ''Proganochelys'' comes from the Greek word ''ganos'' meaning 'brightness', combined with prefix ''pro'', 'before', and Greek base ''chelys'' meaning 'turtle'. ''Proganochelys'' is believed to have been around 1 meter in size and herbivorous in nature. ''Proganochelys'' was known as the most primitive stem-turtle for over a century, until the novel discovery of ''Odontochelys'' in 2008. ''Odontochelys'' and ''Proganochelys'' share unique primitive features that are not found in ''Casichelydia'', such as teeth on the pterygoid and vomer and a plate-like coracoid. ''Proganochelys'' is the oldest stem-turtle species with a complete shell discovered to date, known from fossils found in Germany, Switzerla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinlechelys
''Chinlechelys'' ( meaning ''Chinle turtle'') is an extinct genus of stem-turtle belonging to Testudinata. It lived in the Norian age of the Late Triassic and is the oldest turtle known from North America. Among turtles it is unique, mostly because of its very thin shell. The type and only species, ''C. tenertesta'', was named and described with the genus by Walter G. Joyce ''et al.'' in 2009. It was probably terrestrial, and was found by Joyce ''et al.'' to be closely related to '' Proganochelys'', another terrestrial testudinatan. Discovery and naming ''Chinlechelys'' is known from only one assigned specimen, the holotype NMMNH P-16697 (New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science) recovered from the Norian Bull Canyon Formation (New Mexico, United States). The skeleton consists of the middle of the carapace, the left hypoplastron, rear ribs, a neck spine, isolated osteoderms, and portions of the bridge. The materials were collected separately over several years ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angolachelonia
Angolachelonia is a clade of extinct turtles from the Late Jurassic to Paleogene of Eurasia. The group is defined as all taxa derived from the ancestor of the type genus ''Angolachelys'' and '' Solnhofia'', a definition that could potentially encompass a clade of entirely marine turtles. Angolachelonia was originally inclusive of only ''Solnhofia'', ''Angolachelys'' and '' Sandownia'' when originally conceived by Octavio Mateus and colleagues in 2009, but later phylogenetic analyses by Serjocha Evers and Roger Benson in 2018 unites the family Sandownidae, including ''Angolachelys'' and ''Sandownia'' among other taxa, with the entirely Late Jurassic clade Thalassochelydia, where ''Solnhofia'' may be a basal member. While the placement of ''Solnhofia'' is weak and the clade that Angolachelonia represents may change with further analysis, the clade of Sandownidae and Thalassochelydia is well-supported, and does not collapse despite the uncertain evolutionary history of the group. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proterochersis
''Proterochersis'' is an extinct genus of turtle from the Late Triassic period ( Norian stage) of Europe. It is known from a large number of fossils uncovered in Germany and Poland.Fraas E (1913)"''Proterochersis'', eine pleurodire Schildkröte aus dem Keuper" ''Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg'' 69: p. 13–30Szczygielski T & Sulej T (2016). "Revision of the Triassic European turtles ''Proterochersis'' and ''Murrhardtia'' (Reptilia, Testudinata, Proterochersidae), with the description of new taxa from Poland and Germany". ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'' 177(2): pp. 395–427. Szczygielski1 T, Słowiak J & Dróżdż1 D (2018). "Shell variability in the stem turtles ''Proterochersis'' spp". ''PeerJ'' 6: The genus was named from fossil remains from Germany in 1913 by Fraas, who recognized two species: ''P. robusta'' (type species) and ''P. intermedia''. Since then, Szczygielski and Sulej have found that the differences described by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kayentachelys
''Kayentachelys'' ("Kayenta turtle") is an extinct genus of turtle known only from the "silty facies" of the Lower Jurassic Kayenta Formation in northeastern Arizona on the lands of the Navajo Nation. History of discovery and significance The earliest mention of turtles from the Kayenta Formation in the literature is within the description of the ornithischian dinosaur ''Scutellosaurus'' by Colbert (1981). These first specimens were collected during the 1970s and early 1980s by field parties from the Museum of Northern Arizona (MNA) and the Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ) at Harvard University. Specimens from these field excursions were used to establish the taxon ''Kayentachelys'' in 1987, and it is an MNA specimen (MNA V1558) which was designated as the holotype of the taxon. During the early 1980s, addition turtle specimens from the Kayenta Formation were collected by field parties from the University of California Museum of Paleontology (UCMP), which were reported by Cl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eileanchelys
''Eileanchelys'' is an extinct genus of primitive turtle from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) period some 164 million years ago of Britain. Only one species is recorded, ''Eileanchelys waldmani''. It is the best-represented turtle from the Middle Jurassic, because of the amount of specimens that can be assigned to it. The turtle is also one of the oldest turtles ever found to be aquatic, and might represent a milestone in turtle evolution. Discovery and naming In 2009, two specimens from the National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh, including NMS G 2004.31.15 and NMS G 2004.31.16a–f, were found to differ from other turtles from the area and age. It was decided that they represented a new genus and species, and were named ''Eileanchelys waldmani'' by Jérémy Anquetin and his colleagues. The specimen NMS G 2004.31.15 was designated as the holotype, and NMS G 2004.31.16a-f, the paratypes. NMS G 2004.31.16 includes at least five, and possibly six, different individuals, all in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naomichelys
''Naomichelys'' is an extinct genus of helochelydrid stem turtle known from the Cretaceous (Aptian-Campanian) of North America. It is the only member of the family known to be native to North America. Distribution ''Naomichelys'' is known numerous remains from western North America, most notably the holotype partial shell from the Cloverly Formation of Montana and a complete skeleton from the Antlers Formation of Texas. Indetermiate remains are known extending up to the Campanian in the United States and Canada. It is the only known North American member of Helochelydridae.W. G. Joyce, J. Sterli, and S. D. Chapman. 2014. The skeletal morphology of the solemydid turtle Naomichelys speciosa from the Early Cretaceous of Texas. Journal of Paleontology 88(6):1257-1287 Location After * Kootenai Formation, Montana, Early Cretaceous (Aptian) * Arundel Formation, Maryland, Aptian * Cloverly Formation, Montana and Wyoming, Aptian * Trinity Group, Texas, Aptian-Albian * Willow Tank ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australochelys
''Australochelys'' is an extinct genus of rhaptochelydian turtle. It is known from one species, ''A. africanus'', that came from the Elliot Formation of South Africa. The holotype of ''Australochelys'' consists of only a skull and a fragment of the carapace, which shows both primitive and derived features. Like '' Proganochelys'', ''Australochelys'' has large orbits and a ventral basioccipital tubercle, but like derived turtles such as casichelydians, a group containing Cryptodira and Pleurodira, it possesses a sutured basipterygoidal attachment, and a middle ear region partially enclosed laterally. These characteristics show that ''Australochelys'' is more closely related to casichelydians than to ''Proganochelys'', and together with the former, it makes up Rhaptochelydia. The skull of ''Australochelys'' shows that an advanced hearing mechanism of turtles evolved before the appearance of modern turtles. Etymology ''Australochelys africanus'' was named in 1994 by Eugene S. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turtle
Turtles are an order of reptiles known as Testudines, characterized by a special shell developed mainly from their ribs. Modern turtles are divided into two major groups, the Pleurodira (side necked turtles) and Cryptodira (hidden necked turtles), which differ in the way the head retracts. There are 360 living and recently extinct species of turtles, including land-dwelling tortoises and freshwater terrapins. They are found on most continents, some islands and, in the case of sea turtles, much of the ocean. Like other amniotes (reptiles, birds, and mammals) they breathe air and do not lay eggs underwater, although many species live in or around water. Turtle shells are made mostly of bone; the upper part is the domed carapace, while the underside is the flatter plastron or belly-plate. Its outer surface is covered in scales made of keratin, the material of hair, horns, and claws. The carapace bones develop from ribs that grow sideways and develop into broad flat plates ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
