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Steel Industry Of Luxembourg
In the industrial sector, the Luxembourg steel industry continues to occupy the first place in the country, even after the industrial reforms which have taken place since the 1960s. History Early development Iron was already worked and processed by the Celts in the region of modern-day Luxembourg. Archeological remains of this have been found on the ''Gläicht'' between Esch-Alzette and Rumelange. In 2003-2005, the remains of a smelting plant from the 13th or 14th century were found and excavated in the ''Genoeserbusch'' near Peppange. In the pre-industrial period (17th-18th centuries), there were a number of furnaces throughout the country, located near rivers (for water power) or forests (where charcoal was produced). "Bohnerz" ("bean ore") was used. The furnaces only employed a small number of permanent, specialised workers, estimated at about 700 in the late 18th century. This early industry involved another 8,000-10,000 workers on a seasonal basis: road workers, carriers, lu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Concession (contract)
A concession or concession agreement is a grant of rights, land or property by a government, local authority, corporation, individual or other legal entity. Public services such as water supply may be operated as a concession. In the case of a public service concession, a private company enters into an agreement with the government to have the exclusive right to operate, maintain and carry out investment in a public utility (such as a water privatisation) for a given number of years. Other forms of contracts between public and private entities, namely lease contract and management contract (in the water sector often called by the French term ''affermage''), are closely related but differ from a concession in the rights of the operator and its remuneration. A lease gives a company the right to operate and maintain a public utility, but investment remains the responsibility of the public. Under a management contract the operator will collect the revenue only on behalf of the govern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Brasseur (Luxembourg)
Pierre Brasseur (21 January 1832 – 7 February 1918) was a Luxembourgian entrepreneur, businessman, and mining magnate, being involved in founding a number of industrial concerns in southern Luxembourg. Amongst them was one of the steel companies that would become ARBED, and, after many mergers and consolidations, Arcelor Mittal. Early life Pierre was a member of the Brasseur family, born the eleventh son of Alexis Brasseur in Esch-sur-Alzette. Career Along with a number of other associates, Pierre founded the Society for the Extraction of Minerals of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (french: Société pour l'Exploitation des Minières du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg). in 1861. The following year, he was awarded a concession to mine an area of near Rumelange, in Luxembourg's Red Lands. He was appointed notary in Esch-sur-Alzette in 1864. His success allowed him to establish in 1870 the Society of Blast Furnaces of Luxembourg (french: S.A. des Hauts Fourneaux Luxembourgeoi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dominique Brasseur
Dominique Alexis Brasseur-Brasseur (14 June 1833 – 17 October 1906) was a Luxembourgian politician and jurist. He served as Mayor of Luxembourg City between 1891 and 1894. Brasseur was educated at the Athénée de Luxembourg, Athénée, graduating in 1853, before studying law at University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg and Ghent University, Ghent.Mersch (1959), p. 77 Receiving his degree on 11 October 1858, he was call to the bar, called to the bar on 17 October 1861. He founded, with Léon Lamort-Pescatore, the ''Societé des Hauts-Fourneaux de Luxembourg'', of which he took full control upon Pescatore's death in 1872. Two years later, Brasseur moved into a large house on ''rue du St-Esprit'', where he would live for the rest of his life and where he would eventually die. Brasseur was elected to the Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg, Chamber of Deputies in 1866, representing the Cantons of Luxembourg, canton of Esch-sur-Alzette (Chamber of Deputies constituency), Esch-sur-Alzett ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cast Iron
Cast iron is a class of iron–carbon alloys with a carbon content more than 2%. Its usefulness derives from its relatively low melting temperature. The alloy constituents affect its color when fractured: white cast iron has carbide impurities which allow cracks to pass straight through, grey cast iron has graphite flakes which deflect a passing crack and initiate countless new cracks as the material breaks, and ductile cast iron has spherical graphite "nodules" which stop the crack from further progressing. Carbon (C), ranging from 1.8 to 4 wt%, and silicon (Si), 1–3 wt%, are the main alloying elements of cast iron. Iron alloys with lower carbon content are known as steel. Cast iron tends to be brittle, except for malleable cast irons. With its relatively low melting point, good fluidity, castability, excellent machinability, resistance to deformation and wear resistance, cast irons have become an engineering material with a wide range of applications and are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Victor Tesch
Victor Jean-Baptiste Tesch (12 March 1812 – 16 June 1892)Gardini, Fausto Luxembourgensia.blogspot.co.uk. 2012. Retrieved on 30 October 2013. was a Luxembourgish and Belgian jurist, industrialist, journalist and liberal politician. He was born in 1812 in Messancy (then still part of Luxembourg, now part of Belgium), one of nine children of Jean-Frédérich Tesch (1774-1844) and Marie-Cécile Nothomb (1780-1869). He studied law, graduating from the University of Liège in 1832 with a Doctor of law at the age of 20. He settled in Arlon and registered at the bar there. He was a friend of Émile Tandel, the district commissioner for Arlon-Virton, secretary of the Archeological Institute of Luxembourg and author of ''Communes luxembourgeoises''. When he was a councillor of the city of Arlon, Tesch collaborated with Georges Wurth to establish an Athénée there.Moïs, C.; Zimmerman, J.M.; Gillet, C"Les bâtiments Tesch et Castilhon" (in French) Cercle d'histoire du pays de Messancy. Retr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Nicolas Collart
Jean-Nicolas is a French compound given name, a combination of Jean and Nicolas. Notable people with the name include: * Jean-Nicolas Bouilly (1763–1842), French playwright, librettist and politician * Jean-Nicolas Boulay (1837–1905), French clergyman, bryologist and paleobotanist * Jean-Nicolas Carrière (born 1985), Canadian football player * Jean-Nicolas Corvisart (1755–1821), French physician * Jean-Nicolas Curély (1774–1827), French cavalry officer * Jean-Nicolas Céré (1737–1810), French botanist and agronomist * Jean-Nicolas Démeunier (1751–1814), French writer and politician * Jean-Nicolas de Francine (1662–1735), French musician * Jean-Nicolas Gannal (1791–1852), French chemist * Jean-Nicolas Geoffroy (1633–1694), French harpsichordist, organist and composer * Jean-Nicolas Huyot (1780–1840), French architect * Jean-Nicolas Laverlochère (1812–1884), French Roman Catholic missionary in Canada * Jean-Nicolas Lemmens (1850–1897), Dutch Catholic bisho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auguste Metz
Jean-Antoine Auguste Metz (8 August 1812 – 22 June 1854) was a Luxembourgian entrepreneur, politician, and lawyer. He was a major player in the growing steel industry in Luxembourg during the nineteenth century, as well as a leading liberal member of the Chamber of Deputies, along with his brothers. Born in Luxembourg City as the youngest of nine children of Jean Metz, Auguste Metz attended the Athénée de Luxembourg, before leaving to study law at the University of Paris in 1833. He gained his licence to practice law in France, but returned to Luxembourg, where he became involved in the steel industry. In 1837, Metz and his brothers Charles and Norbert, were given a ten-year lease of the steel mill at Berbourg. They formed a company, ''Auguste Metz & Cie'', along with Théodore Pescatore, for the purpose of expanding and redeveloping the site. The company expanded, taking over foundries at Grundhof, in the Red Lands, at Eich, and at Fischbach. He first became involved in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norbert Metz
Jean-Joseph Norbert Metz (2 February 1811 – 28 November 1885) was a Luxembourgish politician and engineer. With his two brothers, members of the powerful Metz family, Charles and Auguste, Metz defined political and economic life in Luxembourg in the mid-nineteenth century. Metz was the leading 'quarante huitards': the radical liberals responsible for the promulgation of Luxembourg's constitution in 1848. He was appointed by the King to the Assembly of the States in 1842, representing the canton of Capellen. He was then elected to represent Capellen on the Constituent Assembly, in 1848. Pro-Belgian and anti-German Confederation, after the first elections, Metz was appointed Administrator-General for Finances and Administrator-General for Military Affairs. On 21 May 1834, he married the 21-year-old Marie-Barbe-Philippe-Eugénie Tesch, who had three children before dying on 29 January 1845. He remarried to Tesch's eighteen-year-old cousin, Marie-Suzanne-Albertine Tesch on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Metz
Charles Gérard Emmanuel Metz (6 January 1799 – 24 April 1853) was a Luxembourgian politician, journalist, and lawyer. He was a prominent pro-Belgian in the Belgian Revolution, serving in the Belgian national legislature, before entering the Chamber of Deputies of Luxembourg, of which he was the first President, from 1848 to 1853. Charles was born in Luxembourg City in 1799 to Jean Metz and Anne-Marie-Justine Gérard. He studied at the Athénée de Luxembourg and the lycée in Metz, France, before reading law at the newly established University of Liège, graduating in 1822. Metz first became politically active as a pro-Belgian spokesperson during the Belgian Revolution. In the National Congress called in Brussels, Metz was one of sixteen deputies representing the arrondissement of Luxembourg (claimed in its entirety by Belgium).Mersch (1963), p. 430 In 1836, Metz moved to Arlon, where he established a newspaper, ''L'Echo de Luxembourg'', to promote Luxembourgian and liberal in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arbed Schifflange 1870 01
The Aciéries Réunies de Burbach-Eich-Dudelange (French; literally "United Steelworks of Burbach-Eich-Dudelange"), better known by its acronym ARBED, was a major Luxembourg-based steel and iron producing company. Created in 1911 after the merger of three steel producing companies, ARBED had a significant role in the economy of the Grand Duchy until it merged in 2002 with two other European steel companies to create Arcelor. History Origins (1882–1911) The discovery of iron ore in Luxembourg in the 1850s and the introduction of metallurgy in 1876 led to the development of an important national steel industry, especially in the south of the country, and provided Luxembourg with sustained economic growth during the second half of the 19th century. This economic growth was greatly boosted during the two decades preceding World War I when large integrated steelworks, able to convert cast iron into steel and rolled steel, were constructed. Steel production surged from 145 313 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Société Des Hauts-fourneaux De Rodange
Lactalis is a French multinational dairy products corporation, owned by the Besnier family and based in Laval, Mayenne, France. The company's former name was Besnier SA. Lactalis is the largest dairy products group in the world, and is the second largest food products group in France, behind Danone. It owns brands such as Parmalat, Président, Siggi's Dairy, Skånemejerier, Rachel's Organic, and Stonyfield Farm. History André Besnier started a small cheesemaking company in 1933 and launched its ''Président'' brand of Camembert in 1968. In 1990, it acquired Group Bridel (2,300 employees, 10 factories, fourth-largest French dairy group) with a presence in 60 countries. In 1992, it acquired United States cheese company Sorrento. In 1999, ''la société Besnier'' became ''le groupe Lactalis'' owned by Belgian holding company BSA International SA. In 2006, they bought Italian group Galbani, and in 2008, bought Swiss cheesemaker Baer. They bought Italian group Parmalat in a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
