|
Scincogekkonomorpha
Scincogekkonomorpha is a clade (evolutionary grouping) of lizards that includes scleroglossans and all lizards more closely related to scleroglossans than to iguanians. These "stem" scleroglossans include extinct lizards from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous such as ''Bavarisaurus'', ''Eichstaettisaurus'', '' Liushusaurus'', and '' Scandensia''. Scincogekkonomorpha was named in 1961 and is now occasionally used as a stem-based taxon in contrast to the node-based taxon Scleroglossa. According to phylogenies based on morphological characteristics, Scincogekkonomorpha is the sister taxon of Iguania and together they make up crown group In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor. ... Squamata, the smallest clade including all living snakes and lizards. References Tetra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scincogekkonomorpha
Scincogekkonomorpha is a clade (evolutionary grouping) of lizards that includes scleroglossans and all lizards more closely related to scleroglossans than to iguanians. These "stem" scleroglossans include extinct lizards from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous such as ''Bavarisaurus'', ''Eichstaettisaurus'', '' Liushusaurus'', and '' Scandensia''. Scincogekkonomorpha was named in 1961 and is now occasionally used as a stem-based taxon in contrast to the node-based taxon Scleroglossa. According to phylogenies based on morphological characteristics, Scincogekkonomorpha is the sister taxon of Iguania and together they make up crown group In phylogenetics, the crown group or crown assemblage is a collection of species composed of the living representatives of the collection, the most recent common ancestor of the collection, and all descendants of the most recent common ancestor. ... Squamata, the smallest clade including all living snakes and lizards. References Tetra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eichstaettisaurus
''Eichstaettisaurus'' (meaning "Eichstätt lizard") is a genus of lizards from the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous of Germany, Spain, and Italy. With a flattened head, forward-oriented and partially symmetrical feet, and tall claws, ''Eichstaettisaurus'' bore many adaptations to a climbing lifestyle approaching those of geckoes. The type species, ''E. schroederi'', is among the oldest and most complete members of the Squamata, being known by one specimen originating from the Tithonian-aged Solnhofen Limestone of Germany. A second species, ''E. gouldi'', was described from another skeleton found in the Matese Mountains of Italy. Despite being very similar to ''E. schroederi'', it lived much later, during the Albian stage. Fossils of both species show exceptional preservation due to deposition in low-oxygen marine environments. Initially named as a species of the genus '' Ardeosaurus'' by Ferdinand Broili in 1938, ''E. schroederi'' has had a convoluted taxonomic history. It was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scleroglossa
Scleroglossa is a group of lizards that includes geckos, autarchoglossans (scincomorphs, anguimorphs, and varanoids), and amphisbaenians. Scleroglossa is supported by phylogenetic analyses that use morphological features (visible anatomical features). According to most morphological analyses, Scleroglossa is the sister group of the clade Iguania, which includes iguanas, chameleons, agamids, and New World lizards. Together, Scleroglossa and Iguania make up the crown group Squamata, the smallest evolutionary grouping to include all living lizards and snakes. The name Scleroglossa is derived from the Greek, ''skleros'', meaning "hard" and ''glossa'', meaning "tongue". The split between Scleroglossa and Iguania can be based on features of the tongue; iguanians have a muscular tongue and use lingual prehension to capture food, whereas scleroglossans have hard tongues and use teeth-and-jaw prehension to capture food, freeing the tongue for chemosensory activity. Recent phylogenetic ana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scleroglossa
Scleroglossa is a group of lizards that includes geckos, autarchoglossans (scincomorphs, anguimorphs, and varanoids), and amphisbaenians. Scleroglossa is supported by phylogenetic analyses that use morphological features (visible anatomical features). According to most morphological analyses, Scleroglossa is the sister group of the clade Iguania, which includes iguanas, chameleons, agamids, and New World lizards. Together, Scleroglossa and Iguania make up the crown group Squamata, the smallest evolutionary grouping to include all living lizards and snakes. The name Scleroglossa is derived from the Greek, ''skleros'', meaning "hard" and ''glossa'', meaning "tongue". The split between Scleroglossa and Iguania can be based on features of the tongue; iguanians have a muscular tongue and use lingual prehension to capture food, whereas scleroglossans have hard tongues and use teeth-and-jaw prehension to capture food, freeing the tongue for chemosensory activity. Recent phylogenetic ana ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liushusaurus
''Liushusaurus'' is an extinct genus of lizard described by Susan E. Evans and Yuan Wang in 2010. The genus has a single species, ''Liushusaurus acanthocaudata'', and is known from eight fossils, several of which preserve soft tissue detail. The specimens were found in the Lower Cretaceous aged Yixian Formation of Northeast China. ''Liushusaurus'' is one of eight lizards that are known and have been named from the Yixian Formation, part of the diverse Jehol Biota ecosystem. Etymology Evans and Wang coined the generic name or ''Liushusaurus'' from the Chinese word ''liushu'' and the Greek language word '. ''Liushu'' which translates as "willow tree", is derived from ''Liutiao'', ''willow leaf'', and refers to Liutiaogou, ''willow leaf valley'', where the fossils were found. The Greek word ' (') translates to "lizard". Evans and Wang chose the specific name from a combination of the Latin words ''acanthus'' meaning "spine" and ''cauda'' meaning tail. This combination is in a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyglyphanodontia
Polyglyphanodontia, also known as the Borioteiioidea, is an extinct clade of lizards from the Cretaceous that includes around a dozen genera. Polyglyphanodontians were the dominant group of lizards in North America and Asia during the Late Cretaceous. Most polyglyphanodontians are Late Cretaceous in age, though the oldest one, '' Kuwajimalla kagaensis'', is known from the Early Cretaceous (Valanginian to Hauterivian) Kuwajima Formation (Japan). Early Cretaceous South American taxon '' Tijubina'', and possibly also '' Olindalacerta'', might also fall within Polyglyphanodontia or be closely allied to the group, but if so, they would be two of only three Gondwanan examples of an otherwise Laurasian clade (the third one, and the only unambiguous one, being '' Bicuspidon hogreli'' from the Kem Kem Beds of Morocco). They produced a remarkable range of forms. Chamopsiids, including ''Chamops'', were characterized by large, blunt, crushing teeth, and were most likely omnivores. '' Macrocep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bavarisauridae
Bavarisauridae is an extinct family of basal squamates found in the Solnhofen limestone near Bavaria, Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe .... Two genera are recognized: '' Bavarisaurus'' and ''Schoenesmahl''. Up until 2017, ''Bavarisaurus'' was the only genus in the family, and it might be the only true bavarisaurus since ''Schoenesmahl'' might have instead been part of the Eichstaettisauridae. References Solnhofen fauna Jurassic lizards Scincogekkonomorpha {{Jurassic-reptile-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jucaraseps
''Jucaraseps'' is an extinct genus of small squamate lizard known from the Early Cretaceous of Las Hoyas, Spain. It contains a single species, ''Jucaraseps grandipes''. It belonged to the clade Scincogekkonomorpha (containing scleroglossan squamates and those taxa which were more closely related to them than to Iguania) and was related to the clade Scleroglossa as well to Jurassic and Cretaceous taxa '' Eichstaettisaurus'', ''Ardeosaurus'', ''Bavarisaurus'', ''Parviraptor ''Parviraptor'' is a genus of stem-snake (clade Ophidia) containing one species, ''Parviraptor estesi'', from the Late Jurassic (Tithonian) or Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) Purbeck Limestone Formation of Dorset, England. A second species, ''Parv ...'', '' Yabeinosaurus'' and '' Sakurasaurus'' References Cretaceous lizards Fossils of Spain La Huérguina Formation Fossil taxa described in 2012 {{paleo-lizard-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bavarisaurus
''Bavarisaurus'' ('Bavarian lizard') is an extinct genus of basal squamate found in the Solnhofen limestone near Bavaria, Germany.''Bavarisaurus'' at Fossilworks.org A skeleton found in the region of a '''', a small |
Ardeosaurus
''Ardeosaurus'' is an extinct genus of basal lizards, known from fossils found in the Late Jurassic Solnhofen Plattenkalk of Bavaria, southern Germany. It was originally thought to have been a species of ''Homeosaurus''. ''Ardeosaurus'' was originally considered to be a distant relative to modern geckos, and had a similar physical appearance. Evans and colleagues, however, showed it in 2005 to be a basal squamate outside the crown group of all living lizards and snakes.Evans, S. E., Wang, Y., & Li, C. (2005). The early Cretaceous lizard genus Yabeinosaurus from China: resolving an enigma. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 3, 319-335. A subsequent study conducted by Simões and colleagues in 2017 corroborated its initial proposed phylogenetic placement, indicating that ''Ardeosaurus'' was a stem-gekkota Geckos are small, mostly carnivorous lizards that have a wide distribution, found on every continent except Antarctica. Belonging to the infraorder Gekkota, geckos are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phylogenies
A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree Felsenstein J. (2004). ''Inferring Phylogenies'' Sinauer Associates: Sunderland, MA.) is a branching diagram or a tree showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics. All life on Earth is part of a single phylogenetic tree, indicating common ancestry. In a ''rooted'' phylogenetic tree, each node with descendants represents the inferred most recent common ancestor of those descendants, and the edge lengths in some trees may be interpreted as time estimates. Each node is called a taxonomic unit. Internal nodes are generally called hypothetical taxonomic units, as they cannot be directly observed. Trees are useful in fields of biology such as bioinformatics, systematics, and phylogenetics. ''Unrooted'' trees illustrate only the relatedness of the leaf nodes and do not require the ancestral root to be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stem-based Taxon
Phylogenetic nomenclature is a method of nomenclature for taxa in biology that uses phylogenetic definitions for taxon names as explained below. This contrasts with the traditional approach, in which taxon names are defined by a '' type'', which can be a specimen or a taxon of lower rank, and a description in words. Phylogenetic nomenclature is currently regulated by the '' International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature'' (''PhyloCode''). Definitions Phylogenetic nomenclature ties names to clades, groups consisting of an ancestor and all its descendants. These groups can equivalently be called monophyletic. There are slightly different ways of specifying the ancestor, which are discussed below. Once the ancestor is specified, the meaning of the name is fixed: the ancestor and all organisms which are its descendants are included in the named taxon. Listing all these organisms (i.e. providing a full circumscription) requires the full phylogenetic tree to be known. In practice, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
