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Sacoglossa
Sacoglossa, commonly known as the sacoglossans or the "solar-powered sea slugs", are a superorder of small sea slugs and sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks that belong to the clade Heterobranchia. Sacoglossans live by ingesting the cellular contents of algae, hence they are sometimes called "sap-sucking sea slugs". Some sacoglossans simply digest the fluid which they suck from the algae, but in some other species, the slugs sequester and use within their own tissues living chloroplasts from the algae they eat, a very unusual phenomenon known as kleptoplasty, for the "stolen" plastids. This earns them the title of the "solar-powered sea slugs", and makes them unique among metazoan organisms, for otherwise kleptoplasty is known only among single-celled protists. The Sacoglossa are divided into two clades - the shelled families (Oxynoacea) and the shell-less families (Plakobranchacea). The four families of shelled species are: Cylindrobullidae, Volvatellidae, Oxynoidae, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juliidae
Juliidae, common name the bivalved gastropods, is a family of minute sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the superfamily Oxynooidea, an opisthobranch group. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Juliidae E. A. Smith, 1885. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=196330 on 2021-06-09 Taxonomic edit history These are sacoglossan (sap-sucking) sea snails, and many of them are green in color. These snails are extremely unusual in that their shells consist of two separate hinged pieces or valves. The valves are joined by a ligament, and look nothing like a normal snail shell; instead the valves look almost exactly like the two hinged valves of a clam, a bivalve mollusk, which is a related but very different class of mollusks. Up until the mid-20th century, the Juliidae were known only from fossil shells, and not surprisingly, these fossils were interpreted as being the shells of bivalves. ''J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sea Slug
Sea slug is a common name for some marine invertebrates with varying levels of resemblance to terrestrial slugs. Most creatures known as sea slugs are gastropods, i.e. they are sea snails (marine gastropod mollusks) that over evolutionary time have either completely lost their shells, or have seemingly lost their shells due to having a greatly reduced or internal shell. The name "sea slug" is most often applied to nudibranchs, as well as to a paraphyletic set of other marine gastropods without obvious shells. Sea slugs have an enormous variation in body shape, color, and size. Most are partially translucent. The often bright colors of reef-dwelling species implies that these animals are under constant threat of predators, but the color can serve as a warning to other animals of the sea slug's toxic stinging cells (nematocysts) or offensive taste. Like all gastropods, they have small, razor-sharp teeth, called radulas. Most sea slugs have a pair of rhinophores—sensory te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kleptoplasty
Kleptoplasty or kleptoplastidy is a symbiosis, symbiotic phenomenon whereby plastids, notably chloroplasts from algae, are sequestered by host organisms. The word is derived from ''Kleptes'' (κλέπτης) which is Greek language, Greek for thief. The alga is eaten normally and partially digested, leaving the plastid intact. The plastids are maintained within the host, temporarily continuing photosynthesis and benefiting the predator. The term was coined in 1990 to describe chloroplast symbiosis. Ciliates ''Mesodinium rubrum'' is a ciliate that steals chloroplasts from the cryptomonad ''Geminigera cryophila''. ''M. rubrum'' participates in additional endosymbiosis by transferring its plastids to its predators, the dinoflagellate planktons belonging to the genus ''Dinophysis''. Karyoklepty is a related process in which the nucleus of the prey cell is kept by the predator as well. This was first described in 2007 in ''M. rubrum''. Dinoflagellates The stability of transient ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elysia Clarki
''Elysia crispata'', common name the lettuce sea slug or lettuce slug, is a large and colorful species of sea slug, a marine gastropod mollusk. The lettuce slug resembles a nudibranch, but it is not closely related to that clade of gastropods; it is classified as a sacoglossan. Description This species is called the lettuce slug because it is often green in color, and it always has a very frilly edge to its parapodia. This makes the slug resemble the curly kinds of lettuce, such as the lollo rosso variety. The maximum length of this species is about 5 cm and 3 cm in width. The lettuce slug is extremely variable in color: it can also be blue, or very pale with red lines or yellow lines. Distribution This species lives in the tropical parts of the western Atlantic, and the Caribbean faunal zone. They are found in more coastal and tropical reef areas where the water is shallow and clear. Diet ''E. crispata'' can be either heterotrophic or autotrophic throughout their l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cylindrobullidae
''Cylindrobulla'' is a genus of sea snails or bubble snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Sacoglossa. ''Cylindrobulla'' is the type genus of the family Cylindrobullidae and it is the only genus in the family. Taxonomy The suborder Cylindrobulloidea used to be recognized as monogeneric suborder; in other words there was only one family in the suborder, the family Cylindrobullidae, and only one genus ''Cylindrobulla''. 1996 taxonomy It was treated by Jensen (1996) as a sister group of Sacoglossa and placed it in the new order Cylindrobullacea. 1998 taxonomy Mikkelsen (1998) has argued that the genus ''Cylindrobulla'' actually belongs in Oxynoacea within shelled Sacoglossa. This change in taxonomy was suggested on the basis of the similarity in many characteristics: digestive, sexual, pallial (= concerning the mantle), and the nervous system. 2005 taxonomy According to the taxonomy by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), is the Cylindrobullidae the only family in the su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radula
The radula (, ; plural radulae or radulas) is an anatomical structure used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters the esophagus. The radula is unique to the molluscs, and is found in every class of mollusc except the bivalves, which instead use cilia, waving filaments that bring minute organisms to the mouth. Within the gastropods, the radula is used in feeding by both herbivorous and carnivorous snails and slugs. The arrangement of teeth ( denticles) on the radular ribbon varies considerably from one group to another. In most of the more ancient lineages of gastropods, the radula is used to graze, by scraping diatoms and other microscopic algae off rock surfaces and other substrates. Predatory marine snails such as the Naticidae use the radula plus an acidic secretion to bore through the shell of other molluscs. Other predatory marine snails ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Placobranchidae
Plakobranchidae is a family of sea slugs, marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Plakobranchoidea. They superficially resemble nudibranchs but they are sacoglossans, members of the clade Sacoglossa within the Opisthobranchia.Gofas, S. (2012). Plakobranchidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=411960 on 2012-03-08 Taxonomy Elysiidae was originally described as "Elysiadae" by Forbes & Hanley in 1851 in the book ''A history of British Mollusca and their Shells'' 3:613. In the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), the family Elysiidae is considered to be a synonym of the family Plakobranchidae Gray, 1840. The original spelling Placobranchidae, based on ''Placobranchus'', an incorrect subsequent spelling by Férussac (1824) in a translation of van Hasselt's work. Franc (1968: 848) and Jensen (1996: 92) attributed the name to Rang, 1829 (p. 134), who used the vernacular "les Placo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bonner Zoologische Beiträge
The ''Bonn Zoological Bulletin'' (''BzB''), formerly ''Bonner zoologische Beiträge'', is a peer reviewed open access journal dealing with zoology Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the Animal, animal kingdom, including the anatomy, structure, embryology, evolution, Biological clas .... References External links * Zoology journals {{zoo-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suctorial
Suctorial pertains to the adaptation for sucking or suction, as possessed by marine parasites such as the Cookiecutter shark, specifically in a specialised lip organ enabling attachment to the host. Suctorial organs of a different form are possessed by the Solifugae arachnids, enabling the climbing of smooth, vertical surfaces. Another variation on the suctorial organ can be found as part of the glossa proboscis of Masarinae Pollen wasps, the Masarinae, are unusual wasps that are typically treated as a subfamily of Vespidae, but have in the past sometimes been recognized as a separate family, "Masaridae", which also included the subfamilies Euparagiinae and Gayellina ... (pollen wasps), enabling nectar feeding from the deep and narrow corolla of flowers. References Biology terminology {{biology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frontiers In Zoology
''Frontiers in Zoology'' is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering all aspects of zoology. It was established in 2004 and is published by BioMed Central on behalf of the . The editors-in-chief are Jürgen Heinze (University of Regensburg) and Ulrich Technau (University of Vienna). Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2016 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as i ... of 2.781. References External links * Zoology journals Publications established in 2004 Creative Commons Attribution-licensed journals English-language journals BioMed Central academic journals {{zoo-journal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limapontioidea
Limapontioidea are a superseded superfamily of sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks within the superorder Sacoglossa. MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Plakobranchoidea Gray, 1840. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=411959 on 2020-11-05 It is now accepted as a synonym of the superfamily Plakobranchoidea Gray, 1840. Families Families within the superfamily Limapontioidea include: *Family Caliphyllidae Tiberi, 1881 * Family Costasiellidae K. B. Clarke, 1984 *Family Hermaeidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 *Family Limapontiidae Limapontiidae is a taxonomic family of small to minute sacoglossan sea slugs. These are marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2011). Limapontiidae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marines ... Gray, 1847 ;Families and subfamilies brought into synonymy : * Alderiidae : synonym of Limapontiidae * Costasiellidae : synonym of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plakobranchoidea
Plakobranchoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of sea slugs, marine gastropod mollusks within the superorder Sacoglossa.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2012). Plakobranchoidea. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=411959 on 2012-03-08 Families Families within the superfamily Plakobranchoidea include: * Costasiellidae K. B. Clark, 1984 * Hermaeidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 * Limapontiidae Gray, 1847 * Plakobranchidae Gray, 1840 * Platyhedylidae Salvini-Plawen, 1973: belongs to the superfamuily Platyhedyloidea ; Synonyms: * Actaeonidae : synonym of Plakobranchidae * Alderiidae : synonym of Limapontiidae * Boselliidae Ev. Marcus, 1982 : synonym of Plakobranchidae Gray, 1840 *Caliphyllidae Caliphyllidae is a taxonomic family of sacoglossan sea slugs. These are marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the clade Sacoglossa. This family has no subfamilies. Genera There are five genera in the family Caliphyllidae: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
