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Pennies
A penny is a coin (: pennies) or a unit of currency (: pence) in various countries. Borrowed from the Carolingian denarius (hence its former abbreviation d.), it is usually the smallest denomination within a currency system. At present, it is the formal name of the British penny ( p) and the '' de facto'' name of the American one-cent coin (abbr. ¢). ''Penny'' is also the informal name of the cent unit of account in Canada, although the production of one-cent coins was ended in 2012. The name ''penny'' is also used in reference to various historical currencies, also derived from the Carolingian system, such as the French denier and the German pfennig. It may also be informally used to refer to any similar smallest-denomination coin, such as the euro cent or Chinese fen. The Carolingian penny was originally a 0.940-fine silver coin, weighing pound. It was adopted by Offa of Mercia and other English kings and remained the principal currency in Europe over ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penny (Canadian Coin)
In Canada, a penny (minted 1858–2012) is an out-of-production and out-of-circulation coin worth one cent, or of a dollar. The Royal Canadian Mint refers to the coin as the "1-cent coin", but in practice the terms ''penny'' and cent predominate. First minted in 1858, the cent was primarily issued as a bronze or with bronze-plated coin throughout its production. Like all Canadian coins, the obverse depicts the reigning Canadian monarch at the time of issue. Attempts to abolish the penny began in the late 20th century but were initially met with resistance as they were considered a necessity to pay provincial sales taxes. Money had been lost in penny production since at least the mid-1980s and surveys indicated the coin was falling out of use. Attitudes against the penny grew in the late 2000s decade and, in 2010, the Standing Senate Committee on National Finance recommended the penny be removed from circulation. Production of the penny ceased in May 2012, and the Royal Ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penny (British Pre-decimal Coin)
The United Kingdom, British £sd, pre-decimal penny was a denomination of Coins of the United Kingdom, sterling coinage worth of one Pound sterling, pound or of one Shilling (British coin), shilling. Its symbol was ''d'', from the Roman denarius. It was a continuation of the earlier Penny (English coin), English penny, and in Scotland it had the same monetary value as one Acts of Union 1707, pre-1707 Scottish shilling, thus the English penny was called in Scottish Gaelic. The penny was originally minted in silver, but from the late 18th century it was minted in copper, and then after 1860 in bronze. The plural of "penny" is "pence" (often added as an unstressed suffix) when referring to an amount of money, and "pennies" when referring to a number of coins. Thus 8''d'' is eightpence or eight pence, but "eight pennies" means specifically eight individual penny coins. Before Decimal Day in 1971, sterling used the Carolingian monetary system (£sd), under which the largest unit w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penny (United States Coin)
The penny, officially known as the cent, is a coin in the United States representing one-hundredth of a dollar. It has been the lowest face-value physical unit of U.S. currency since the abolition of the half-cent in 1857 (the abstract mill, which has never been minted, equal to a tenth of a cent, continues to see limited use in the fields of taxation and finance). The U.S. Mint's official name for the coin is " cent" and the U.S. Treasury's official name is "one cent piece". The colloquial term ''penny'' derives from the British coin of the same name, which occupies a similar place in the British system. ''Pennies'' is the plural form (not to be confused with ''pence'', which refers to the unit of currency). The first U.S. cent was produced in 1787, and the cent has been issued primarily as a copper or copper-plated coin throughout its history. In 1792, Congress established the US Mint, which began producing coins. In the same year, the Coinage Act of 1792 mand ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Offa Of Mercia
Offa ( 29 July 796 AD) was King of Mercia, a kingdom of Anglo-Saxon England, from 757 until his death in 796. The son of Thingfrith and a descendant of Eowa, Offa came to the throne after a period of civil war following the assassination of Æthelbald. Offa defeated the other claimant, Beornred. In the early years of Offa's reign, it is likely that he consolidated his control of Midland peoples such as the Hwicce and the Magonsæte. Taking advantage of instability in the kingdom of Kent to establish himself as overlord, Offa also controlled Sussex by 771, though his authority did not remain unchallenged in either territory. In the 780s he extended Mercian Supremacy over most of southern England, allying with Beorhtric of Wessex, who married Offa's daughter Eadburh, and regained complete control of the southeast. He also became the overlord of East Anglia and had King Æthelberht II of East Anglia beheaded in 794, perhaps for rebelling against him. Offa was a Christia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coin
A coin is a small object, usually round and flat, used primarily as a medium of exchange or legal tender. They are standardized in weight, and produced in large quantities at a mint in order to facilitate trade. They are most often issued by a government. Coins often have images, numerals, or text on them. The faces of coins or medals are sometimes called the ''obverse'' and the ''reverse'', referring to the front and back sides, respectively. The obverse of a coin is commonly called ''heads'', because it often depicts the head of a prominent person, and the reverse is known as ''tails''. The first metal coins – invented in the ancient Greek world and disseminated during the Hellenistic period – were precious metal–based, and were invented in order to simplify and regularize the task of measuring and weighing bullion (bulk metal) carried around for the purpose of transactions. They carried their value within the coins themselves, but the stampings also induced manip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penny (Australian Coin)
The Australian penny was a Coins of the Australian pound, coin of the Australian pound, which followed the £sd system. It was used in the Commonwealth of Australia prior to decimalisation in 1966. One Australian penny was worth Shilling (Australian), Australian shilling, Florin (Australian coin), Australian florin, Crown (Australian coin), Australian crown, and Australian pound. The coin was equivalent in its dimensions and value to the British pre-decimal Penny (British pre-decimal coin), penny, as the two currencies were originally fixed at par. The coin was introduced in 1911, while the last penny was minted in 1964. After decimalisation on 14 February 1966 the penny was equal to 0.8333 Australian dollar, cents. The obverse of the coin featured the reigning Australian monarch. Three were featured: George V, George VI and Elizabeth II. All of the pennies bearing George VI and Elizabeth II had a kangaroo on the reverse. The kangaroo image was on the Australian half penny ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penny (British Decimal Coin)
The United Kingdom, British decimal one penny (1p) coin is a unit of currency and denomination of Coins of the United Kingdom, sterling coinage worth of one Pound sterling, pound. Its Obverse and reverse, obverse featured the profile of Queen Elizabeth II since the coin's introduction on 15 February 1971, the day British currency was Decimal Day, decimalised, until her Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II, death on 8 September 2022. A new portrait featuring Charles III, King Charles III was introduced on 30 September 2022, designed by Martin Jennings. Four different portraits of the Queen were used on the obverse; the last design by Jody Clark was introduced in 2015. The second and current reverse, designed by Matthew Dent (designer), Matthew Dent, features a segment of the Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom, Royal Shield and was introduced in 2008. The penny is the lowest value coin (in Real versus nominal value (economics), real terms) ever to circulate in the Unite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pound (mass)
The pound or pound-mass is a unit of mass used in both the British imperial and United States customary systems of measurement. Various definitions have been used; the most common today is the international avoirdupois pound, which is legally defined as exactly , and which is divided into 16 avoirdupois ounces. The international standard symbol for the avoirdupois pound is lb; an alternative symbol (when there might otherwise be a risk of confusion with the pound-force) is lbm (for most pound definitions), # ( chiefly in the U.S.), and or ̶ (specifically for the apothecaries' pound). The unit is descended from the Roman (hence the symbol ''lb'', descended from the scribal abbreviation, '). The English word ''pound'' comes from the Roman ('the weight measured in '), and is cognate with, among others, German , Dutch , and Swedish . These units are now designated as historical and are no longer in common usage, being replaced by the metric system. Usage of the un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carolingian Renaissance
The Carolingian Renaissance was the first of three medieval renaissances, a period of cultural activity in the Carolingian Empire. Charlemagne's reign led to an intellectual revival beginning in the 8th century and continuing throughout the 9th century, taking inspiration from ancient Roman and Greek culture and the Christian Roman Empire of the fourth century. During this period, there was an increase of literature, writing, visual arts, architecture, music, jurisprudence, liturgical reforms, and scriptural studies. Carolingian schools were effective centers of education, and they served generations of scholars by producing editions and copies of the classics, both Christian and pagan. The movement occurred mostly during the reigns of Carolingian rulers Charlemagne and Louis the Pious. It was supported by the scholars of the Carolingian court, notably Alcuin of York. Charlemagne's '' Admonitio generalis'' (789) and '' Epistola de litteris colendis'' served as manifesto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Withdrawal Of Low-denomination Coins
The withdrawal of a country's lowest-denomination coins from circulation (usually a one- cent coin or equivalent) may either be through a decision to remove the coins from circulation, or simply through ceasing minting. Reasons This withdrawal may be due to the high cost of production, since the coin may be worth less than its cost of production. For example, when Canada phased out its penny in 2012, its production cost was 1.6 cents per penny. Other reasons include low purchasing power and low utility. Often coins are withdrawn after their purchasing power has been eroded after decades of inflation. In Switzerland, the 1 Rappen coin had fallen into disuse by the early 1980s, but was still produced until 2006, albeit in ever decreasing quantities. Conversely, the British Treasury department initially argued for the retention of the ''decimal'' halfpenny, on the grounds that its withdrawal would drive up inflation. In some countries, such as New Zealand, withdrawn coins are decl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Farthing (British Coin)
The farthing (from Old English ''fēorðing'', from ''fēorða'', a fourth) was a British coin worth one quarter of a penny, or of a pound sterling. Initially minted in copper, and then in bronze, it replaced the earlier English farthing. Between 1860 and 1971, the farthing's purchasing power ranged between 12p and 0.2p in 2017 values. The farthing's reverse bore an image of Britannia until 1937, when a wren was introduced. As with all British coins, the obverse bore the image of the reigning monarch. The farthing ceased to be legal tender in the United Kingdom on 1 January 1961. History A British copper farthing succeeded the English farthing after England and Scotland were united into the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707, although not immediately. Under Queen Anne, a small number of pattern farthings were struck, but none for circulation, as so many English farthings from previous reigns were still available. Some British copper farthings were struck in the reigns of G ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euro Cent
There are eight euro coin denominations, ranging from one cent to two euro (the euro is divided into a hundred cents). The coins first came into use in 2002. They have a common Obverse and reverse, reverse, portraying a map of Europe, but each country in the eurozone has its own design on the Obverse and reverse, obverse, which means that each coin has a variety of different designs in circulation at once. Four European microstates that are not members of the European Union (Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City) use the euro as their currency and also have the right to mint coins with their own designs on the obverse side. The coins, and various €2 commemorative coins, commemorative coins, are minted at numerous national mints across the eurozone to strict national quotas. Not every eurozone member state has its own mint. Obverse designs are chosen nationally, while the reverse and the currency as a whole is managed by the European Central Bank (ECB). History The e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
