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Octavians
The Octavians were a financial commission of eight in the government of Scotland first appointed by James VI on 9 January 1596. James VI's minister John Maitland, 1st Lord Maitland of Thirlestane had died on 3 October 1595, and his financial situation was troubled. The Octavians were a reforming body, eager to bring order to the royal finances and bear down on patronage. They imposed a 5% import tax and promoted an expedition into the Highlands to recover tax revenue. The Octavians were in part drawn from a committee appointed in 1593 by the Parliament of Scotland to look after the estates of Anne of Denmark. An English courtier in Scotland Roger Aston described events at the end of December 1595 in a letter to James Hudson: "The queen's council joins with the prior (Alexander Seton) and other of the king's council for the reformation of the king's particular affairs". The committee for the queen's estates continued after the Union of Crowns, and new appointments were made in Apr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anne Of Denmark
Anne of Denmark (; 12 December 1574 – 2 March 1619) was the wife of King James VI and I; as such, she was Queen of Scotland from their marriage on 20 August 1589 and Queen of England and Ireland from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until her death in 1619. The second daughter of King Frederick II of Denmark and Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, Anne married James at age 14. They had three children who survived infancy: Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, who predeceased his parents; Princess Elizabeth, who became Queen of Bohemia; and James's future successor, Charles I. Anne demonstrated an independent streak and a willingness to use factional Scottish politics in her conflicts with James over the custody of Prince Henry and his treatment of her friend Beatrix Ruthven. Anne appears to have loved James at first, but the couple gradually drifted and eventually lived apart, though mutual respect and a degree of affection survived. In En ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sir John Skene
Sir John Skene, Lord Curriehill (1549–1617) was a Scottish prosecutor, ambassador, and judge. He was involved in the negotiations for the marriage of James VI and Anne of Denmark. He was regent in St Mary's College, St Andrews from 1564 to 1565 and became an advocate in 1575. Life He was born in 1549. He was the sixth son of James Skene of Wester Corse (b.1505) and Janet Lumsden. The physician Gilbert Skene was an elder brother. Their lands were at Bandodle or Wester Corse, a manor in Aberdeenshire. In his own writings he mentions his travels, describing the appearance of a travelling salesman in Kraków in 1569. The writer Thomas Dempster mentions Skene's travels in the countries of Northern Europe and his fluency in their languages. James Melville of Halhill said he could give long speeches in Latin, and was "good, true, and stout". Skene enrolled or matriculated at the University of Wittenberg on 16 March 1570. Skene's career was advanced by the marriages of his sisters ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Elphinstone, 1st Lord Balmerinoch
James Elphinstone, 1st Lord Balmerino (1553?-1612) was a Scottish nobleman and politician, disgraced in 1609. Life to 1605 He was the third son of Robert Elphinstone, 3rd Lord Elphinstone, by Margaret, daughter of Sir John Drummond of Innerpeffray, and was born about 1553. He was appointed a lord of session 4 March 1586. He was at this time known as "Master James Elphinstone of Innernochtie". On 1 May 1590 he gave a speech in Latin in the King's Wark in Leith to welcome James VI of Scotland and his bride Anne of Denmark on their safe return from Denmark. In July 1593 he was appointed to a council to manage the estates and finances of Anne of Denmark. In 1595 was one of the commissioners of the treasury known as the Octavians. In 1598 he became secretary of state, and for the next five years was a member of commissions of the privy council. He was a great favourite with James VI, whom in 1603 he accompanied to London. On 20 February 1604 he was created a peer, with the tit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thomas Hamilton, 1st Earl Of Haddington
Thomas Hamilton, 1st Earl of Haddington (1563 – 29 May 1637), designated before his peerage as 'of Drumcarny, Monkland, and Binning', was a Scottish administrator, Lord Advocate, judge, and Lord Lieutenant of Haddingtonshire. Family The son of Thomas Hamilton, Lord Priestfield, Sir Thomas Hamilton of Prestonfield House, Priestield, a judge of the Court of Session as Lord Prestonfield, by his first wife Elizabeth, daughter of James Heriot of Trabroun, Haddingtonshire. His younger brother was Andrew Hamilton, Lord Redhouse. Thomas was educated in Paris. He became known as Thomas Hamilton of Drumcarny. Career He was admitted an Advocate in 1587, a Lord of Session in 1592, appointed Lord Advocate His Majesty's Advocate, known as the Lord Advocate ( gd, Morair Tagraidh, sco, Laird Advocat), is the chief legal officer of the Scottish Government and the Crown in Scotland for both civil and criminal matters that fall within the devolved p ... in 1596, Lord Clerk Register in 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Carnegie Of Colluthie
David Carnegie of Colluthie (1559–1598) was a Scottish landowner and administrator. He was an auditor of the Scottish exchequer in 1595 and joined the government finance committee known as the Octavians in 1596. David Carnegie was the younger son of Sir Robert Carnegie of Kinnaird (d. 1565) and Margaret Guthrie (d. 1571). Colluthie is near Leuchars in the parish of Moonzie. David Carnegie had lands at Panbride in Forfarshire. When his older brother John Carnegie died in 1595 he became laird of Kinnaird. He took down the old kirk of Cookstoun to build a new church at Kinnaird. In 1583 he acquired Cruivie Castle in Logie, Fife from his daughter Margaret. His niece Catherine Carnegie (d. 1597) was abducted with a view to a forced marriage with James Gray, a son of Patrick Gray, 5th Lord Gray, in Edinburgh in 1593. She was taken from the house of the merchant Robert Jousie by the courtiers John Wemyss of Logie and Sir James Sandilands of Slamannan. He died on 19 April 1598 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Lindsay Of Balcarres
John Lindsay of Balcarres (1552–1598) was Secretary of State, Scotland. On 5 July 1581 he was appointed a Lord of Session under the title Lord Menmuir. Life He was the second son of David Lindsay, 9th Earl of Crawford and Catherine Campbell, daughter of Sir John Campbell of Lorn. Along with his brother, Lord Edzell, he was sent under the care of James Lawson to complete his education on the continent. The French Wars of Religion meant they had to return rapidly from Paris to Dieppe, then moving to the University of Cambridge; however, as there is no record of him in Venn's ''Alumni Cantabrigienses'' John may have returned to Paris subsequently. Menmuir, Lethnot, and Lochlee, in the gift of the Edzell family, were settled on him; later, under a Writ of the Privy Seal, 11 July 1576, various teinds and a pension were also granted, along with the small estate of Drumcairn, in Forfarshire. In 1586, he purchased the lands of Balcarres (near Colinsburgh in Fife), Balniell, Pitco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julian Goodare
Julian Goodare is a professor of history at University of Edinburgh. Academic career Goodare studied at the University of Edinburgh in the 1980s, afterwards engaged as a postdoctoral fellow. He lectured at the University of Wales, and at the University of Sheffield. He returned to work at Edinburgh in 1998. He was the co-director of the Survey of Scottish Witchcraft alongside Louise Yeoman. In 2019, he called for a memorial to Scotland's tortured and executed witches. Goodare has published articles and book chapters on crown finance in the early modern period. Subjects include the administration known as the Octavians, and the annual sums of money which Elizabeth I gave James VI of Scotland, which he argues ought to be known as the English subsidy. He explored the significance of the " Ainslie Bond", made in support of the Earl of Bothwell, in the light of Jenny Wormald Jennifer "Jenny" Wormald HonFSA Scot (18 January 1942 – 9 December 2015) was a Scottish historian who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Seton, 1st Earl Of Dunfermline
Alexander Seton, 1st Earl of Dunfermline (1555–1622) was a Scottish lawyer, judge and politician. He served as Lord President of the Court of Session from 1598 to 1604, Lord Chancellor of Scotland from 1604 to 1622 and as a Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland. Early life Born at Seton Palace, East Lothian, he was the son of George Seton, 7th Lord Seton, and Isobell Hamilton. The Setons remained a Roman Catholic family after the Scottish Reformation of 1560, and continued to support Mary, Queen of Scots, after her abdication and exile in England. Alexander Seton was educated at the German and Roman College in Rome from June 1571 to December 1578. Alexander was noted learning Italian and science (philosophy) in Rome by Baptista da Trento in 1577 in a letter describing plots to marry Elizabeth I of England to the Earl of Leicester and re-instate Mary in Scotland. The family historian Viscount Kingston heard that he was skilled in mathematics, heraldry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry Wardlaw Of Pitreavie
Henry Wardlaw of Pitreavie (1565–1637) was a Scottish courtier and administrator. He was the son of Cuthbert Wardlaw of Balmule and Katherine Dalgleish, and a grandson of Henry Wardlaw of Torrie. Wardlaw was administrator of the Dunfermline estates of Anne of Denmark, wife of James VI. His predecessor as the queen's chamberlain was William Schaw. The queen's property (as settled in 1593) included the Lordship of Dunfermline, the Earldom of Ross, and Lordships of Ardmannoch and Etrrick Forest, and Wardlaw compiled accounts of the queen's revenue. In 1596, the financial administrators known as the Octavians appointed Wardlaw as Receiver General, responsible for the income of the Comptrollery and the New Augmentations (duties paid from former church lands) and mint. Wardlaw complained to the Privy Council of Scotland in June 1602 about non-paying tenants of the queen in Ettrick Forest. In 1609 he advanced £200 Sterling in recompense for jewels taken from Anne of Denmark by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Maitland, 1st Lord Maitland Of Thirlestane
John Maitland, 1st Lord Maitland of Thirlestane (1537 – 3 October 1595), of Lethington, Knight (1581), was Lord Chancellor of Scotland. Life He was the second son of Sir Richard Maitland of Thirlestane, Berwickshire, and Lethington, Haddingtonshire, who settled the lands of Thirlestane upon him, and thereafter sent him abroad for his education. Through the influence of his brother, William Maitland, upon John Maitland's return, he received the offer of the position of Commendator of Kelso Abbey, which he shortly afterwards exchanged with Francis Stewart, later Earl of Bothwell, for the Priory of Coldingham. This transaction was ratified by Mary, Queen of Scots on 20 April 1567. Upon the death of his father, he was appointed Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland, on 20 April 1567. He also supported Regent Moray and sat in his parliaments in December 1567 and August 1568. On 2 June 1568, he was created a Senator of the College of Justice as an Ordinary Lord on the spiritu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Privy Council Of Scotland
The Privy Council of Scotland ( — 1 May 1708) was a body that advised the Scottish monarch. In the range of its functions the council was often more important than the Estates in the running the country. Its registers include a wide range of material on the political, administrative, economic and social affairs of the Kingdom of Scotland. The council supervised the administration of the law, regulated trade and shipping, took emergency measures against the plague, granted licences to travel, administered oaths of allegiance, banished beggars and gypsies, dealt with witches, recusants, Covenanters and Jacobites and tackled the problem of lawlessness in the Highlands and the Borders. History Like the Parliament, the council was a development of the King's Council. The King's Council, or ''curia regis'', was the court of the monarch surrounded by his royal officers and others upon whom he relied for advice. It is known to have existed in the thirteenth century, if not earli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles I Of England
Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. He was born into the House of Stuart as the second son of King James VI of Scotland, but after his father inherited the English throne in 1603, he moved to England, where he spent much of the rest of his life. He became heir apparent to the kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland in 1612 upon the death of his elder brother, Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales. An unsuccessful and unpopular attempt to marry him to the Spanish Habsburg princess Maria Anna culminated in an eight-month visit to Spain in 1623 that demonstrated the futility of the marriage negotiation. Two years later, he married the Bourbon princess Henrietta Maria of France. After his 1625 succession, Charles quarrelled with the English Parliament, which sought to curb his royal prerogative. He believed in the divine right of kings, and was determined to govern acco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
