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Neutral Moresnet
Neutral Moresnet (, , , ) was a small Belgian–Prussian condominium in western Europe that existed from 1816 to 1920 and was administered jointly by the United Kingdom of the Netherlands (Belgium after its independence in 1830) and the Kingdom of Prussia. It was wide and long, with an area of . After 1830, the territory's northernmost border point at Vaalserberg connected it to a quadripoint shared additionally with the Dutch Province of Limburg, the Prussian Rhine Province, and the Belgian Liège Province. Its former location is represented presently by the Three-Country Point, the meeting place of the borders of Belgium, Germany, and the Netherlands. During the First World War, Neutral Moresnet was annexed by Germany, although the allies did not recognise the annexation. The armistice between France and Germany in November 1918 forced Germany to withdraw from Belgium and Neutral Moresnet. A year later, the Treaty of Versailles awarded Neutral Moresnet to Belgium, effect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neutral Zone (territorial Entity)
A neutral zone is a delimited zone bordering at least one of the states that has agreed to set up a neutral territory. This has occurred in the past and/or present for: *Neutral Ground (Louisiana), a disputed area between Spanish Texas and the United States' newly acquired Louisiana Purchase, from 1806 to 1821 *Neutral Moresnet, a 19th-century neutral zone between the United Kingdom of the Netherlands (and later Belgium) and Prussia (and later the German Empire) *in the colonial era, the neutral zone between Thailand and French Indochina, 25 kilometres wide (roughly 15.5 miles) on the east bank of the Mekong, was placed under French control but formally remained under Thai sovereignty. *the Saudi–Iraqi neutral zone *the Saudi–Kuwaiti neutral zone *the neutral zones between Morocco and Ceuta and Melilla *Antarctica *United Nations Conciliation Commission's ''Government House'' in Jerusalem, which existed as a mediation center after the 1948 Arab–Israeli War *Mount Vernon h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Low German
: : : : : (70,000) (30,000) (8,000) , familycolor = Indo-European , fam2 = Germanic , fam3 = West Germanic , fam4 = North Sea Germanic , ancestor = Old Saxon , ancestor2 = Middle Low German , dia1 = West Low German , dia2 = East Low German , iso2 = nds , iso3 = nds , iso3comment = (Dutch varieties and Westphalian have separate codes) , lingua = 52-ACB , map = Nds Spraakrebeet na1945.svg , mapcaption = Present day Low German language area in Europe. , glotto = lowg1239 , glottoname = Low German , notice = IPA Low German or Low Saxon (in the language itself: , and other names; german: Plattdeutsch, ) is a West Germanic language variety spoken mainly in Northern Germany and the northeastern part of the Netherlands. The dialect of Plautdietsch is also spoken in the Russian Mennonite diaspora worldwi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Condominium (international Law)
A condominium (plural either condominia, as in Latin, or condominiums) in international law is a political territory (state or border area) in or over which multiple sovereign powers formally agree to share equal ''dominium'' (in the sense of sovereignty) and exercise their rights jointly, without dividing it into "national" zones. Although a condominium has always been recognized as a theoretical possibility, condominia have been rare in practice. A major problem, and the reason so few have existed, is the difficulty of ensuring co-operation between the sovereign powers; once the understanding fails, the status is likely to become untenable. The word is recorded in English since c. 1714, from Modern Latin, apparently coined in Germany c. 1700 from Latin ''con-'' 'together' + ''dominium'' 'right of ownership' (compare domain). A condominium of three sovereign powers is sometimes called a tripartite condominium or tridominium. Current condominia Abyei Area The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prussia
Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an emergency decree transferring powers of the Prussian government to German Chancellor Franz von Papen in 1932 and ''de jure'' by an Allied decree in 1947. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, expanding its size with the Prussian Army. Prussia, with its capital at Königsberg and then, when it became the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701, Berlin, decisively shaped the history of Germany. In 1871, Prussian Minister-President Otto von Bismarck united most German principalities into the German Empire under his leadership, although this was considered to be a "Lesser Germany" because Austria and Switzerland were not included. In November 1918, the monarchies were abolished and the nobility lost its political power during the Ger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Max Mangold
Max Mangold (; 8 May 1922 – 3 February 2015) was a Swiss-German linguist and phonetician. He was born in the village of Pratteln near Basel, Switzerland and taught phonetics, phonology and linguistic theory at the University of the Saarland in Germany. He produced phonetic notation for numerous reference works and pronunciation dictionaries, among them the Duden dictionary of German pronunciation. His many contributions to German phonology are seminal and comprehensive. He also oversaw scientific theses, dissertations (nearly 100 of them, many the first and only records of endangered languages) and other publications, for example on dialects in the Saarland and the Rhineland-Palatinate. Mangold showed a strong interest in linguistic matters in his early years and learned many languages, including Esperanto, actively speaking nearly 40 languages in his prime. The foreign language that he spoke best was probably Italian. He studied in Basel, Geneva, Paris and London. His work ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Grignard
Pierre Grignard was a Belgium, Belgian politician who served as the last Mayors of Moresnet, Mayor of Neutral Moresnet from 1918 until 1920, when the territory was dissolved and annexed by Belgium as part of the Treaty of Versailles. Grignard subsequently served as the first mayor of the Belgian municipality of Kelmis until 1923. Life Grignard, while serving as a council member in Liège, took office as mayor of Neutral Moresnet on 7 December 1918, less than a month after the signing of the Armistice with Germany (Compiègne), Armistice between France and Germany, which forced Germany to withdraw from Belgium and Neutral Moresnet and led to the ouster of Mayor Wilhelm Kyll, a German national. On June 28, 1919, the Treaty of Versailles settled the dispute that had created the neutral territory a century earlier by awarding Neutral Moresnet, along with Prussian Moresnet and the German municipalities of Eupen-Malmedy, Eupen and Malmedy, to Belgium. The treaty became effective on 10 J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilhelm Kyll
Wilhelm Kyll (1876–1956) was a German politician who served as the Mayor of Neutral Moresnet from 29 March 1915 until 7 December 1918. Life Wilhelm Kyll was town clerk (''Stadtsekretär'') in Wittlich (1900-1907) and Linz am Rhein (1907-1910), before he became the mayor of Hergenrath and the administrator of the county mayoralty (''Landbürgermeisterei'') of Prussian-Moresnet. Germany appointed Kyll as the mayor of Neutral Moresnet on 29 March 1915, which followed the German invasion of Belgium in 1914. The Kingdom of Prussia formally annexed Neutral Moresnet on 27 June 1915, although the annexation never received international recognition. In November 1918, the Armistice between France and Germany forced Germany to withdraw from Belgium and Neutral Moresnet. This led to the ouster of Mayor Kyll. He was replaced by Pierre Grignard on 7 December 1918. At the end of 1919, Kyll ceased to be mayor of Hergenrath, which became part of Belgium upon the Treaty of Versailles. He the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hubert Schmetz
Hubert Schmetz was Mayor of Neutral Moresnet, a small neutral territory, from 20 June 1885 until 15 March 1915. Life Schmetz became mayor of Neutral Moresnet on 20 June 1885, succeeding Oskar Anton Bilharz to become the territory's fifth mayor. As mayor, Bilharz served as the territory's head of state, alongside two commissioners, one each from the Kingdom of Prussia and Belgium. During his term, Germany invaded Belgium on 4 August 1914, initially leaving Neutral Moresnet as "an oasis in a desert of destruction". A total of 147 Neutral Moresnet citizens were killed, though it is unclear whether they were killed inside the territory or in fighting outside its borders. As a result of the occupation, Schmetz was removed from his post on 15 March 1915 and Germany appointed Wilhelm Kyll Wilhelm Kyll (1876–1956) was a German politician who served as the Mayor of Neutral Moresnet from 29 March 1915 until 7 December 1918. Life Wilhelm Kyll was town clerk (''Stadtsekretär'') in W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oskar Anton Bilharz
Oskar Anton Bilharz was Mayor of Neutral Moresnet, a small neutral territory, from 7 February 1882 until 20 June 1885. Life Bilharz became mayor of Neutral Moresnet on 7 February 1882, succeeding Joseph Kohl to become the territory's fourth mayor. As mayor, Bilharz served as the territory's head of state, alongside two commissioners, one each from the Kingdom of Prussia and Belgium. During his term as mayor, in 1883, Neutral Moresnet switched its territorial flag to one with a tricolore with horizontal bars in black, white and blue. The reason for the change is unclear. Bilharz was succeeded by Hubert Schmetz Hubert Schmetz was Mayor of Neutral Moresnet, a small neutral territory, from 20 June 1885 until 15 March 1915. Life Schmetz became mayor of Neutral Moresnet on 20 June 1885, succeeding Oskar Anton Bilharz to become the territory's fifth mayor. ... on 20 June 1885. Bilharz died in 1917, when he was about 86 years old. References Mayors of Moresnet 1831 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Kohl
Joseph Kohl was Mayor of Neutral Moresnet, a small neutral territory, from 1 July 1859 until 7 February 1882. References Mayors of Moresnet 1831 births 1917 deaths Neutral Moresnet {{Neutral Moresnet-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adolf Hubert Van Scherpenzeel-Thim
Adolf Hubert van Scherpenzeel-Thim (1824 – 1877) was Mayor of Neutral Moresnet, a small neutral territory, from 21 February 1859 until 30 May 1859. Having served less than 4 months, he was the territory's shortest-serving mayor. References Mayors of Moresnet 1824 births 1877 deaths Neutral Moresnet {{Neutral Moresnet-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arnold Timothée De Lasaulx
Arnold Timothée Albert Francois Joseph de Lasaulx (21 January 1774 – 18 July 1863) was a Belgian Belgian may refer to: * Something of, or related to, Belgium * Belgians, people from Belgium or of Belgian descent * Languages of Belgium, languages spoken in Belgium, such as Dutch, French, and German *Ancient Belgian language, an extinct language ... politician who served as the first Mayor of Neutral Moresnet from 1817 until 1859. Having served for more than 41 years, he was Neutral Moresnet's longest-serving mayor, having served for nearly half of the territory's existence. Life Lasaulx was born at Castle Alensberg, the son of Pierre-Olivier-Albert-Georges-Joseph de Lasaulx and Marie-Anne-Emérantiane-Josèphe de Mylius. He married Anne-Dorothée-Antoinette-Joséphine de Braumann, with whom he had six children: *Marie-Anne-Françoise-Dorothée *Pierre-Ignace-Arnold-Marie *Catherine-Elisabeth-Henriette-Hubertine *Madeleine-Antoinette-Ulrique-Eugénie *Antoinette-Caroline-J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
