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Nectophrynoides
''Nectophrynoides'' is a genus of true toads, family Bufonidae. They are endemic to Eastern Arc forests and wetlands in Tanzania,Channing and Howell. (2006). ''Amphibians of East Africa.'' Pp. 104–117. and all except '' N. tornieri'' are threatened. Species of the genus are ovoviviparous: fertilization is internal, and the females give birth to fully developed, small toadlets. Together with the West Africa ''Nimbaphrynoides'' (which was included in ''Nectophrynoides'' in the past) and ''Limnonectes larvaepartus'', they are the only frogs/toads in the world that do not lay eggs.Wells (2007). ''The Ecology and Behavior of Amphibians.'' Pp. 486–487. The Ethiopian ''Altiphrynoides ''Altiphrynoides'' is a genus of toads, commonly referred to as Ethiopian toads. They are restricted to highlands of south-central Ethiopia in the Arussi, Bale and Sidamo Provinces. Both species are threatened by habitat loss.Stuart ''et al.'' ...'' (includes ''Spinophrynoides''), which lay eggs, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nectophrynoides
''Nectophrynoides'' is a genus of true toads, family Bufonidae. They are endemic to Eastern Arc forests and wetlands in Tanzania,Channing and Howell. (2006). ''Amphibians of East Africa.'' Pp. 104–117. and all except '' N. tornieri'' are threatened. Species of the genus are ovoviviparous: fertilization is internal, and the females give birth to fully developed, small toadlets. Together with the West Africa ''Nimbaphrynoides'' (which was included in ''Nectophrynoides'' in the past) and ''Limnonectes larvaepartus'', they are the only frogs/toads in the world that do not lay eggs.Wells (2007). ''The Ecology and Behavior of Amphibians.'' Pp. 486–487. The Ethiopian ''Altiphrynoides ''Altiphrynoides'' is a genus of toads, commonly referred to as Ethiopian toads. They are restricted to highlands of south-central Ethiopia in the Arussi, Bale and Sidamo Provinces. Both species are threatened by habitat loss.Stuart ''et al.'' ...'' (includes ''Spinophrynoides''), which lay eggs, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nectophrynoides Asperginis
The Kihansi spray toad (''Nectophrynoides asperginis'') is a small toad endemic to Tanzania.Channing and Howell. (2006). ''Amphibians of East Africa.'' Pp. 106-107. The species is live-bearing and insectivorous. The Kihansi spray toad is currently categorized as Extinct in the Wild by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), though the species persists in ''ex situ'', captive breeding populations. Physiology The Kihansi spray toad is a small, sexually dimorphic anuran, with females reaching up to long and males up to . The toads display yellow skin coloration with brownish They have webbed toes on their hind legs, but lack expanded toe tips. They lack external ears, but do possess normal anuran inner ear features, with the exception of tympanic membranes and air-filled middle ear cavities. Females are often duller in coloration, and males normally have more significant markings Additionally, males exhibit dark inguinal patches on their sides where their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nectophrynoides Wendyae
''Nectophrynoides wendyae'', also known as the Uzungwe Scarp tree toad or Wendy's forest toad, is a terrestrial toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Tanzania and is only known from a single valley in the Udzungwa Mountains. The specific name ''wendyae'' honours Wendy Clarke, the describer's wife. Description ''Nectophrynoides wendyae'' is a robust-bodied dwarf frog. Adult males can grow to about and adult females to in snout–vent length. The head is longer than it is wide, and the snout is long and pointed. No tympanum is present. The parotoid gland are distinct but low and ridge-like. The finger and the toe tips are pointed. The toes have very reduced webbing. Skin is generally smooth but there are some scattered spines/tubercles. Alcohol-preserved specimens are dorsally tan brown with scattered darker brown specks. The ventral surfaces are mostly light with scattered minute black specks, but the interfemoral region has a large chocolate-brown mark beset with w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nectophrynoides Laticeps
''Nectophrynoides laticeps'' is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Ukaguru Mountains of Tanzania. Common name wide-headed viviparous toad has been proposed for it. Description ''Nectophrynoides laticeps'' measure in snout–urostyle length, the largest specimen being the female holotype. This toad can be distinguished from the other known species of the genus by a combination of morphological characters, and has an advertisement call different from all other recorded calls of ''Nectophrynoides''. The dorsal and ventral coloration is variable with a pink tinge. It is probably ovoviviparous Ovoviviparity, ovovivipary, ovivipary, or aplacental viviparity is a term used as a "bridging" form of reproduction between egg-laying oviparous and live-bearing viviparous reproduction. Ovoviviparous animals possess embryos that develop insi ... – the eggs remain within the mother's body until they hatch. Habitat and conservation ''Nectophrynoides laticep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nectophrynoides Pseudotornieri
''Nectophrynoides pseudotornieri'' is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Uluguru Mountains in eastern Tanzania. Common names pseudo forest toad and false Tornier's viviparous toad have been proposed for it. Its specific name refers to its similarity to '' Nectophrynoides tornieri''. Description Males grow to and females to in snout–urostyle length, corresponding to the holotype and the paratype, respectively. The parotoid glands are present but indistinct. The tympanum is absent. The fingers and the toes are partially webbed and have truncated discs on their tips. The dorsum is rough with small tubercles and is tan to golden in colour, with darker markings. Sometimes there are golden flecks on the sides. The lower surfaces are cream, with some dots under the throat. The eyes are golden. Habitat and conservation ''Nectophrynoides pseudotornieri'' occurs in montane rainforest (considered submontane by Menegon and colleagues) of the eastern slopes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nectophrynoides Tornieri
''Nectophrynoides tornieri'', Tornier's forest toad or kijula, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Tanzania. This species was first described by Jean Roux in 1906 and was named in honour of the German zoologist Gustav Tornier. Description Tornier's forest toad is sexually dimorphic and the colouring also varies considerably between individuals. The males are smaller at , with the dorsal surface brownish-red and the ventral surface grey or white. The females measure in length with the dorsal surface rust coloured with a central yellow region and a ventral surface that appears translucent. Females may also have two black bands across the lower legs and feet. The fingers on both sexes have expanded, flattened blunt pads. Distribution and habitat Tornier's forest toad is endemic to the Eastern Arc Mountains in southern and eastern Tanzania. It is found in the forests and in agricultural areas adjoining forests at altitudes between above sea level. It is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nectophrynoides Viviparus
''Nectophrynoides viviparus'' is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Tanzania. Common names robust forest toad and Morogoro tree toad have been coined for it. Description ''Nectophrynoides viviparus'' is a robust toad which reaches an adult length of . The skin is smooth and has many small mucous glands. The paratoid glands are prominent just behind the eyes and nearby are circular tympani (eardrums). It also has large glands on its limbs which usually contrast in colour with the rest of the skin. The digits on the hands and feet are partially webbed. Some individuals are black with white markings, others are grey, green or dull red. In 2011, a new species of toad, '' Callulina meteora'', was described from the mountains of Tanzania and has similarly large, contrastingly coloured glands on its limbs. Distribution and habitat This species is known from the Uluguru Mountains and Udzungwa Mountains in eastern and southern Tanzania. It occurs in wooded areas, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nectophrynoides Vestergaardi
''Nectophrynoides vestergaardi'', also known as the Vestergaard's forest toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the West Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. It is named in honour of Martin Vestergaard, the Danish biologist who was the first to recognize that the population now described as ''Nectophrynoides vestergaardi'' was a new species. Description Adult males measure and adult females in snout–urostyle length. The snout is short. The tympanum is distinct. The limbs are slender. The parotoid glands are present as a discrete raised elongated ridge. The fingers and toe tips are rounded. The fingers have traces of webbing while the toes have some basal webbing. Preserved specimens have light brown dorsal ground colour and are conspicuously darker laterally. Most individuals have a fine dark mid-dorsal vertebral line from snout to urostyle. The underside has a slightly translucent pale cream colour. The presence of a small number (18) of large, devel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nectophrynoides Poyntoni
''Nectophrynoides poyntoni'', also known as Poynton's forest toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Udzungwa Mountains in Tanzania and is only known from its type locality in the Mkalazi Valley. This species is only known from a single collection in 2003 and has not been seen ever since, despite targeted searches. Therefore, it is feared that it has strongly declined and might already be extinct. Etymology The specific name ''poyntoni'' honours , a South African herpetologist whose work has "greatly improved the understanding of the amphibians of Tanzania". Description Adult males measure and adult females, based on two specimens only, in snout–urostyle length. The snout is short. The eyes are prominent. The tympanum and tympanic annulus are present. The parotoid gland consists of two parts, the anterior and posterior part; the anterior part is formed by a row of small glands, while the posterior half is large and bean-shaped. The finger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nectophrynoides Laevis
''Nectophrynoides laevis'', the smooth forest toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Tanzania. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical low-altitude grassland and swamps. A single specimen was collected in 2002 and it was first described in 2004. Description This toad is known only from a single specimen which was in snout to vent length. It is a robust toad with paratoid glands twice as long as they are wide and no tympani, a fact which distinguishes it from the otherwise similar ''Nectophrynoides viviparus''. The back is a dappled grey colour, smooth and covered with small warts. A dark line runs along the spine. The belly is whitish with a central dark line which continues along the inside of the limbs. There are large glands on the limbs and there is some webbing on the hind feet but none on the fore feet. The tips of the digits are noticeably enlarged. Distribution The single specimen of ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nectophrynoides Minutus
''Nectophrynoides minutus'' is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Tanzania and is known from the Uluguru and Rubeho Mountains. Common names small viviparous toad, minute tree toad, and dwarf forest toad have been proposed for it. Description Males grow to and females to in snout–vent length. The tympanum is visible. No parotoid glands are present. The finger and toe tips lack discs. The fingers have no webbing while the toes have basal webbing. Colouration is brown dorsally. The lower surfaces are white with dark speckles. Reproduction involves ovoviviparity: there are no free-living larvae, instead, the female gives birth to fully-developed toadlets. Habitat and conservation ''Nectophrynoides minutus'' occurs in montane rainforest at elevations above above sea level. It only occurs in undisturbed forest and is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nimbaphrynoides
''Nimbaphrynoides'' is a monotypic genus of true toads from highlands in the Mount Nimba region of the West African countries of Guinea, Liberia, and Côte d'Ivoire. The sole species is ''Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis''. Along with ''Nectophrynoides'', ''Eleutherodactylus jasperi'', and '' Limnonectes larvaepartus'', ''Nimbaphrynoides'' is one of the only anurans that combine internal fertilization with ovoviparity.Wells (2007). ''The Ecology and Behavior of Amphibians.'' Pp. 486–487. Taxonomy and systematics ''Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis'' was first described as ''Nectophrynoides occidentalis'' by Fernand Angel in 1943. A second species from Mount Nimba, ''Nectophrynoides liberiensis'', was described in 1979. The two were then transferred to a newly erected genus ''Nimbaphrynoides'' in 1987. The two species were similar except for the larger size of ''N. liberiensis'' compared to ''N. occidentalis'' and some small colour differences. However, their calls are similar, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
