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Morchellaceae
The Morchellaceae are a family of ascomycete fungi in the order Pezizales. According to a standard reference work, the family has contained at least 49 species distributed among four genera. However, in 2012, five genera that produce ascoma that are sequestrate and hypogeous were added. The best-known members are the highly regarded and commercially picked true morels of the genus ''Morchella'', the thimble morels of the genus ''Verpa'', and a genus of cup-shaped fungi ''Disciotis''. The remaining four genera produce the sequestrate fruit bodies. Analysis of the ribosomal DNA of many of the Pezizales showed the three genera ''Verpa'', ''Morchella'', and ''Disciotis'' to be closely related. Thus they are now included in the family Morchellaceae. Genera ''Costantinella'' (anamorph) ''Disciotis'' (terrestrial) ''Morchella'' (terrestrial) ''Verpa'' (terrestrial) ''Kalapuya'' (hypogeous) ''Imaia'' (hypogeous) ''Leucangium'' (hypogeous) ''Fischerula'' (hypogeous) Description Other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Disciotis
''Disciotis'' is a genus of fungi in the family Morchellaceae. Members of this family, characterized by their cup- or bowl-shaped apothecia, have a widespread distribution, especially in northern temperate regions. Description ''Disciotis'' has a cupulate (cup-shaped) pileus with vein-like hymenial folds and a small to non-existent stipe. Species The type species is ''Disciotis venosa'', originally described as ''Peziza venosa'' by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1801. Other species described in the genus include: *''Disciotis ferruginascens'' Boud. *''Disciotis maturescens'' Boud. (1891) *''Disciotis rufescens'' R. Heim (1934) It has been suggested that these species (and variants not listed above) all represent a single, morphologically variable species.Korf RP. (1972). Synoptic Key to the Genera of the Pezizales. ''Mycologia'' 64(5): 937–94. References External links *Disciotis' at Index Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucangium
''Leucangium'' is a genus of ascomycete fungi. The genus was circumscribed by French mycologist Lucien Quélet in 1883. Although classified in the Helvellaceae in the past (''e.g.'', in ''Dictionary of the Fungi'', 10th edition, 2008), molecular analysis indicates it is closely related to the genus ''Fischerula'' and ''Imaia'', and therefore must be placed in the Morchellaceae. The genus includes two species, ''Leucangium ophthalmosporum'' Quél. (the type of the genus) and '' L. carthusianum'' (Tul. & C. Tul.) Paol., and both of them produce sequestrate (fully or partly underground) ascoma, globose to ellipsoidal ascus (inamyloid and eight-spored), and dark olive-colored to grayish green, smooth, fusiform ascospore An ascus (; ) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or s ...s. Refer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalapuya (fungus)
''Kalapuya brunnea'' is a species of truffle in the monotypic fungal genus ''Kalapuya''. The truffle occurs only in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, in western Oregon and northern California. Known locally as the Oregon brown truffle, it was formerly thought to be an undescribed species of ''Leucangium'' until molecular analysis demonstrated that it was distinct from that genus. The truffle is reddish brown with a rough and warty outer skin, while the interior spore-producing gleba is initially whitish before developing greyish-brown mottling as it matures. Mature truffles have an odor resembling garlicky cheese, similar to mature Camembert. The species has been harvested for culinary purposes in Oregon. Taxonomy The species was first described scientifically in 2010, based on specimens collected in February, 2009 from Benton County, Oregon. Before this, it had been known locally for several years as the Oregon brown truffle, and assumed to be an undescribed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morel
''Morchella'', the true morels, is a genus of edible sac fungi closely related to anatomically simpler cup fungi in the order Pezizales (division Ascomycota). These distinctive fungi have a honeycomb appearance due to the network of ridges with pits composing their caps. Morels are prized by gourmet cooks, particularly in Catalan and French cuisine. Due to difficulties in cultivation, commercial harvesting of wild morels has become a multimillion-dollar industry in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, in particular North America, Turkey, China, the Himalayas, India, and Pakistan where these highly prized fungi are found in abundance. Typified by ''Morchella esculenta'' in 1794, the genus has been the source of considerable taxonomical controversy throughout the years, mostly with regard to the number of species involved, with some mycologists recognising as few as three species and others over thirty. Current molecular phylogenetics suggest there might be over seventy species of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Verpa
''Verpa'' is a genus of ascomycete fungi related to the morels. Resembling the latter genus in edibility and form, the common name early morels is popular. There are five species in the widespread genus. ''Verpa'' comes from the Latin for ''erection'' or ''little rod'' (also a vulgarity for phallus). Edibility of ''Verpa'' is the same as for ''Morchella'', and are safe if cooked. ''Gyromitra'', by contrast has a couple of dangerously toxic species being Gyromitra esculenta and Gyromitra ambigua. Analysis of the ribosomal DNA of many of the Pezizales showed the genus ''Verpa'' to be closely related to the genus ''Morchella'', and also ''Disciotis''. Thus the three genera are now included in the family Morchellaceae. Species Species include: *''Verpa bohemica'' - early morel. : Edible if cooked. Found in North America, in early spring, April–May in damp places, under poplar *''Verpa conica'' - bell or conic morel. : Edible if cooked. Found in North America, in orcha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morchella
''Morchella'', the true morels, is a genus of edible ascomycota, sac fungi closely related to anatomically simpler Cup fungus, cup fungi in the order Pezizales (division (mycology), division Ascomycota). These distinctive fungi have a honeycomb appearance due to the network of ridges with pits composing their cap (mycology), caps. Morels are prized by gourmet cooks, particularly in Catalan cuisine, Catalan and French cuisine. Due to difficulties in Fungiculture, cultivation, commercial harvesting of wild morels has become a multimillion-dollar industry in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, in particular North America, Turkey, China, the Himalayas, India, and Pakistan where these highly prized fungi are found in abundance. Typified by ''Morchella esculenta'' in 1794, the genus has been the source of considerable taxonomy (biology), taxonomical controversy throughout the years, mostly with regard to the number of species involved, with some mycologists recognising as few as three ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fischerula
''Fischerula'' is a genus of two truffle-like fungi in the family Morchellaceae. First described from central Italy by Oreste Mattirolo in 1928, the genus name honors Swiss mycologist Eduard Fischer. The type species ''Fischerula macrospora'' is known only from Italy, while ''Fischerula subcaulis'' is found in coniferous and mixed forests of Oregon and Washington Washington commonly refers to: * Washington (state), United States * Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States ** A metonym for the federal government of the United States ** Washington metropolitan area, the metropolitan area centered o .... References External links * Pezizales Truffles (fungi) Pezizales genera {{Pezizomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imaia
''Imaia'' is a fungal genus in the family Morchellaceae found in Japan, and in the Appalachian Mountains of the US. A monotypic genus, ''Imaia'' was circumscribed in 2008 by James Martin Trappe and Gábor M. Kovácsto to contain the truffle-like species formerly known as ''Terfezia gigantea'' when molecular analysis demonstrated that its DNA sequences were markedly different from those of ''Terfezia''. The fruit bodies of ''Imaia gigantea'' are spherical to roughly elliptical to irregular in shape, brown, and usually develop cracks in age. The interior gleba comprises brown pockets of asci separated by white veins. The spores are spherical or nearly so, up to 70 µm long, and enclosed by a thick epispore. Taxonomy The generic name ''Imaia'' honors Japanese mycologist Sanshi Imai (1900-1976), who collected the type specimen, while the specific epithet In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming syste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Costantinella
''Costantinella'' is a genus of anamorphic fungi in the family Morchellaceae and class Pezizomycetes Species The Global Biodiversity Information Facility lists:GBIF ''Costantinella'' Matr. # '''' Nannf. # '''' Hol.-Jech. # '''' Matr. # '' |
Morchella Esculenta
''Morchella esculenta'', (commonly known as common morel, morel, yellow morel, true morel, morel mushroom, and sponge morel) is a species of fungus in the family Morchellaceae of the Ascomycota. It is one of the most readily recognized of all the edible mushrooms and highly sought after. Each Ascocarp, fruit body begins as a tightly compressed, grayish sponge with lighter ridges, and expands to form a large yellowish sponge with large pits and ridges raised on a large white stipe (mycology), stem. The pitted yellow-brown pileus (mycology), caps measure broad by tall, and are fused to the stem at its lower margin, forming a continuous hollow. The pits are rounded and irregularly arranged. The hollow stem is typically long by thick, and white to yellow. The fungus fruits under hardwoods and conifers during a short period in the spring, depending on the weather, and is also associated with old orchards, woods and disturbed grounds. Taxonomy and naming The fungus was originally n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pezizales
The Pezizales are an order of the subphylum Pezizomycotina within the phylum Ascomycota. The order contains 16 families, 199 genera, and 1683 species. It contains a number of species of economic importance, such as morels, the black and white truffles, and the desert truffles. The Pezizales can be saprobic, mycorrhizal, or parasitic on plants. Species grow on soil, wood, leaves and dung. Soil-inhabiting species often fruit in habitats with a high pH and low content of organic matter, including disturbed ground. Most species occur in temperate regions or at high elevation. Several members of the Sarcoscyphaceae and Sarcosomataceae are common in tropical regions. Description Members of this order are characterized by asci that typically open by rupturing to form a terminal or eccentric lid or operculum. The ascomata are apothecia or are closed structures of various forms derived from apothecia. Apothecia range in size from less than a millimeter to approximately 15 cm, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascoma
An ascocarp, or ascoma (), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are most commonly bowl-shaped (apothecia) but may take on a spherical or flask-like form that has a pore opening to release spores (perithecia) or no opening (cleistothecia). Classification The ascocarp is classified according to its placement (in ways not fundamental to the basic taxonomy). It is called ''epigeous'' if it grows above ground, as with the morels, while underground ascocarps, such as truffles, are termed ''hypogeous''. The structure enclosing the hymenium is divided into the types described below (apothecium, cleistothecium, etc.) and this character ''is'' important for the taxonomic classification of the fungus. Apothecia can be relatively large and fleshy, whereas the others are microscopic—about the size of flecks of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
