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Microhylidae
The Microhylidae, commonly known as narrow-mouthed frogs, are a geographically widespread family of frogs. The 683 species are in 63 genera and 11 subfamilies, which is the largest number of genera of any frog family. Evolution A molecular phylogenetic study by van der Meijden, et al. (2007) has estimated the initial internal divergence of the family Microhylidae to have taken place about 66 million years ago, or immediately after the Cretaceous extinction event. The most recent common ancestor of the Microhylidae and their closest ranoid relatives is estimated to have lived 116 million years ago in Gondwana. Description As suggested by their name, microhylids are mostly small frogs. Many species are below in length, although some species are as large as . They can be arboreal or terrestrial, and some even live close to water. The ground-dwellers are often found under leaf litter within forests, occasionally venturing out at night to hunt. The two main shapes for the microhyli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cophixalus
''Cophixalus'' (rainforest frogs or nursery frogs) is a genus of microhylid frogs. These are arboreal species with expanded toe-pads, endemic to Moluccan Islands, New Guinea and northeastern Queensland, Australia. Species As of December 2019, Amphibian Species of the World assigns 67 species to the genus ''Cophixalus''.Frost, Darrel R. 2019. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 (10 December 2019)''Cophixalus'' Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. (Accessed: November 17, 2013). The source column gives direct links to the sources used: * IUCN description of species at International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN Red List categories are: :: - Extinct, - Extinct in the Wild :: - Critically Endangered, - Endangered, - Vulnerable :: - Near Threatened, - Least Concern :: - Data Deficient, - Not Evaluated * ASW ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microhylinae
The Microhylinae are a subfamily of microhylid frogs. It contains 9 genera. Phylogenetic studies have estimated the family Microhylidae to be about 52 million years old. Genera The following genera are recognised in the subfamily Microhylinae: * ''Glyphoglossus'' Günther, 1869 * ''Kaloula'' Gray, 1831 * ''Metaphrynella'' Parker, 1934 * ''Microhyla'' Tschudi, 1838 * ''Micryletta'' Dubois, 1987 * ''Mysticellus'' Sonali & Biju, 2019 *''Nanohyla'' *'' Phrynella'' Boulenger, 1887 * ''Uperodon ''Uperodon'' is a genus of microhylid frogs. They occur in South Asia (Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Nepal, and Bangladesh) and Myanmar. ''Uperodon'' reached its current composition in 2016 when the genus Ramanella was brought into its sy ...'' Duméril & Bibron, 1841 References External linksAmphibian and Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia - ''Microhylidae'' Microhylidae Tetrapod subfamilies Taxa named by Albert Günther {{Microhylidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cophylinae
Cophylinae is a subfamily of Microhylidae, microhylid frogs endemic to Madagascar. It has over 100 species in eight genera. Members of this subfamily range from minute ( 100 mm adult body size), and they are highly ecologically diverse. DNA barcoding, DNA barcode research has revealed a significant taxonomic gap in this subfamily, and an estimated 70+ candidate species were identified. Many of these have subsequently been described, as well as numerous new discoveries (e.g. 26 species of ''Stumpffia'' described in 2017). Genera As of December 2019, the following genera are recognised in the subfamily Cophylinae: * ''Anilany'' Scherz, Miguel Vences, Vences, Andolalao Rakotoarison, Rakotoarison, Andreone, Köhler, Frank Glaw, Glaw & Crottini, 2016 (Monotypic taxon, monotypic) * ''Anodonthyla'' Müller, 1892 (12 species) * ''Cophyla'' Oskar Boettger, Boettger, 1880 (21 species) * ''Madecassophryne'' Guibé, 1974 (Monotypic taxon, monotypic) * ''Mini (frog), Mini'' Scherz, Hutte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Choerophryne
''Choerophryne'' is a genus of microhylid frogs, commonly known as Torricelli mountain frogs, endemic to New Guinea. These frogs are small, with the body length measured from snout to vent between 11 and 23 mm. Taxonomy and systematics The distinction between ''Choerophryne'' and the former genus ''Albericus'' was based solely on the orientation of the alary processes of the premaxillae, giving the former its distinctive snout. In 2013 a new ''Choerophryne'' species was described with an orientation intermediate between the two genera, suggesting ''Albericus'' is likely a junior synonym of ''Choerophryne''. Formal synonymisation of the two genera was suggested by Peloso and colleagues in 2016 based on molecular evidence. Etymology The genus name of the junior synonym ''Albericus'' is the Latin form of Alberich, the shape-shifting dwarf in the epic poem Nibelungenlied. Several species derive also their specific names from Nibelungenlied, e.g. ''C. siegfriedi'' from Siegfried ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barygenys
''Barygenys'' is a genus of microhylid frogs. They are endemic to New Guinea and the adjacent Louisiade Archipelago. So far only known from Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country i ..., the range of the genus is expected to reach Papua province in the Indonesian part of New Guinea. Despite not being known from Papua, common name Papua frogs has been suggested for them. Description ''Barygenys'' have squat body, narrow head, and tiny eyes. ''Barygenys'' are unique among asterophryine frogs in that they bear vertical ridges (or traces thereof) on the snout, and in having short, sharply tapering fingers with narrowly rounded tips. The largest species ('' Barygenys resima'') reaches a body size around in snout–vent length, while '' Barygenys parvula'' is n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austrochaperina
''Austrochaperina'' is a genus of microhylid frogs found on New Guinea, New Britain and Australia. Taxonomy The genus was removed from the synonymy of '' Sphenophryne'' by Richard Zweifel in 2000. However, as currently defined, it might not be monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ..., with two monophyletic units of ''Austrochaperina'' more closely related to parts of '' Copiula'' than with each other. Description ''Austrochaperina'' are rather generalized frogs in their morphology and appear mostly to inhabit leaf litter. They reach maximum sizes between snout–vent length. Finger and toe tips are flattened and disc-like. Most species lack toe webbing. Species The following species are recognised in the genus ''Austrochaperina'': The AmphibiaWeb includ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phrynomantis
''Phrynomantis'' is a genus of frog in the family Microhylidae. They are also known as rubber frogs, red-marked frogs, red-marked short-headed frogs, and snake-necked frogs. The genus is found in Subsaharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa is, geographically, the area and regions of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara. These include West Africa, East Africa, Central Africa, and Southern Africa. Geopolitically, in addition to the African .... Species The genus has five species. References Microhylidae Amphibian genera Amphibians of Africa Taxa named by Wilhelm Peters Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Microhylidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastrophryne Carolinensis
''Gastrophryne carolinensis'', the eastern narrow-mouthed toad, is a species of microhylid frog. It is a relatively small, toad-like amphibian found in damp, shady habitats. The species is highly fossorial, and feeds primarily on ants. These North American microhylids (Family: Microhylidae) are distinguished from true toads (genus ''Bufo''), and other anurans by their moist, smooth skin, their lack of eardrums or tympana, their distinguishable squat body shape, and the unique fold of skin superior to their eyes. It is found in the United States, from southern Maryland to the Florida Keys, west to Missouri and Texas. While not a true toad, it is so called because it is terrestrial. Taxonomy ''Gastrophryne carolinensis'' belongs to one of the largest anuran families, the microhylids. No subspecies are currently recognized. The Eastern narrowmouth toad is one of only 3 microhylids that currently live in the United States. Description The eastern narrow-mouthed toad is relatively ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melanobatrachinae
''Melanobatrachus'' is a genus of narrow-mouthed frogs in the family Microhylidae. It is the only remaining genus in the monotypic subfamily Melanobatrachinae. It contains a single species, ''Melanobatrachus indicus'', also known as the Indian black microhylid frog and Malabar black narrow-mouthed frog. It is endemic to wet evergreen forests of southern Western Ghats in Kerala and Tamil Nadu states of India. It has been recorded from Anaimalai, Munnar, Palni hills, Periyar Tiger Reserve and Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve ''Melanobatrachus indicus'' is a rare species that was only rediscovered in 1997. It lives amongst leaf-litter, rocks and other ground cover of moist evergreen tropical forests. The subfamily Melanobatrachinae included two African genera, ''Hoplophryne'' Barbour & Loveridge, 1928 and ''Parhoplophryne'' Barbour & Loveridge, 1928, in the past but they are now placed in the subfamily Hoplophryninae. ''Melanobatrachus indicus'' is an Evolutionarily Distinc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Callulops
''Callulops'' is a genus of microhylid frogs from Sulawesi as well as the New Guinea region, from Talaud Islands and the Maluku Islands (Moluccas) in the northwest to the Louisiade Archipelago The Louisiade Archipelago is a string of ten larger volcanic islands frequently fringed by coral reefs, and 90 smaller coral islands in Papua New Guinea. It is located 200 km southeast of New Guinea, stretching over more than and spread ... in the east. They are medium- to large-sized terrestrial frogs inhabiting burrows on the forest floor, often under large rocks. Because their population densities can be low, and they are difficult to observe and collect owing to their lifestyle, many species are known only from few specimens. Species References Microhylidae Amphibians of Asia Amphibians of Oceania Amphibian genera Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger {{Microhylidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frog
A frog is any member of a diverse and largely Carnivore, carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order (biology), order Anura (ανοὐρά, literally ''without tail'' in Ancient Greek). The oldest fossil "proto-frog" ''Triadobatrachus'' is known from the Early Triassic of Madagascar, but molecular clock, molecular clock dating suggests their split from other amphibians may extend further back to the Permian, 265 Myr, million years ago. Frogs are widely distributed, ranging from the tropics to subarctic regions, but the greatest concentration of species diversity is in tropical rainforest. Frogs account for around 88% of extant amphibian species. They are also one of the five most diverse vertebrate orders. Warty frog species tend to be called toads, but the distinction between frogs and toads is informal, not from Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy or evolutionary history. An adult frog has a stout body, protruding eyes, anteriorly-attached tongue, limb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dyscophinae
Tomato frogs are any of the three species of genus ''Dyscophus'' (family Microhylidae): ''D. antongilii'', ''D. insularis'', or ''D. guineti''. ''Dyscophus'' is the only genus in subfamily Dyscophinae. They are endemic to Madagascar. The common name comes from ''D. antongiliis bright red color. When threatened, a tomato frog puffs up its body. When a predator grabs a tomato frog in its mouth, the frog's skin secretes a thick substance that numbs up the predator's eyes and mouth, causing the predator to release the frog to free up its eyes. The gummy substance contains a toxin that occasionally causes allergic reactions in humans. The allergic reaction will not kill a human and the frog secretes it only when frightened. The lifespan of the tomato frog can be from 6 to 8 years. When adult, the colors may vary from yellowish orange to deep red. Tomato frogs will reach sexual maturity in 9–14 months. Females are larger than males and can reach 4 inches in length. Males can reach 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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