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Microhylidae
The Microhylidae, commonly known as narrow-mouthed frogs, are a geographically widespread family (biology), family of frogs. The 683 species are in 57 genera and 11 subfamilies. Evolution A molecular phylogenetic study by van der Meijden, et al. (2007) has estimated the initial internal divergence of the family Microhylidae to have taken place about 66 million years ago, or immediately after the Cretaceous extinction event. The most recent common ancestor of the Microhylidae and their closest Ranoidea, ranoid relatives is estimated to have lived 116 million years ago in Gondwana. Description As suggested by their name, microhylids are mostly small frogs. Many species are below in length, although some species are as large as . They can be arboreal or terrestrial, and some even live close to water. The ground-dwellers are often found under leaf litter within forests, occasionally venturing out at night to hunt. The two main shapes for the microhylids are wide bodies and narrow mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cophylinae
Cophylinae is a subfamily of microhylid frogs endemic to Madagascar. It has over 100 species in eight genera. Members of this subfamily range from minute ( 100 mm adult body size), and they are highly ecologically diverse. DNA barcode research has revealed a significant taxonomic gap in this subfamily, and an estimated 70+ candidate species were identified. Many of these have subsequently been described, as well as numerous new discoveries (e.g. 26 species of ''Stumpffia'' described in 2017). Genera As of December 2019, the following genera are recognised in the subfamily Cophylinae: * '' Anilany'' Scherz, Vences, Rakotoarison, Andreone, Köhler, Glaw & Crottini, 2016 (monotypic) * '' Anodonthyla'' Müller, 1892 (12 species) * '' Cophyla'' Boettger, 1880 (21 species) * '' Madecassophryne'' Guibé, 1974 (monotypic) * ''Mini'' Scherz, Hutter, Rakotoarison, Riemann, Rödel, Ndriantsoa, Glos, Roberts, Crottini, Vences & Glaw, 2019 (3 species) * ''Plethodontohyla'' Boule ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kalophryninae
''Kalophrynus'' is a genus of microhylid frog A frog is any member of a diverse and largely semiaquatic group of short-bodied, tailless amphibian vertebrates composing the order (biology), order Anura (coming from the Ancient Greek , literally 'without tail'). Frog species with rough ski ...s. It is the only genus in the subfamily Kalophryninae. The species in this genus are found in southern China, in Southeast Asia to Java and Philippines, and in Assam, India. Species There are 25 species: References Microhylidae Amphibians of Asia Amphibian genera Taxa named by Johann Jakob von Tschudi {{Microhylidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microhylinae
The Microhylinae are a subfamily of microhylid frogs. It contains 9 genera. Phylogenetic studies have estimated the family Microhylidae to be about 52 million years old. Genera The following genera are recognised in the subfamily Microhylinae: * '' Glyphoglossus'' Günther, 1869 * '' Kaloula'' Gray, 1831 * '' Metaphrynella'' Parker, 1934 * '' Microhyla'' Tschudi, 1838 * '' Micryletta'' Dubois, 1987 * '' Mysticellus'' Sonali & Biju, 2019 *'' Nanohyla'' *'' Phrynella'' Boulenger, 1887 * ''Uperodon ''Uperodon'' is a genus of microhylid frogs. They occur in South Asia (Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Nepal, and Bangladesh) and Myanmar. ''Uperodon'' reached its current composition in 2016 when the genus Ramanella was brought into its s ...'' Duméril & Bibron, 1841 References External links Amphibian and Reptiles of Peninsular Malaysia - ''Microhylidae'' Microhylidae Amphibian subfamilies Taxa named by Albert Günther {{Microhylidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gastrophryne Carolinensis
''Gastrophryne carolinensis'', the eastern narrow-mouthed toad, is a species of Microhylidae, microhylid frog. It is a relatively small, toad-like amphibian found in damp, shady habitats. The species is highly fossorial, and feeds primarily on ants. These North American microhylids (Family: Microhylidae) are distinguished from true toads (genus ''Bufo''), and other anurans by their moist, smooth skin, their lack of eardrums or Tympanum (zoology), tympana, their distinguishable squat body shape, and the unique fold of skin superior to their eyes. It is found in the United States, from southern Maryland to the Florida Keys, west to Missouri and Texas. While not a true toad, it is so called because it is terrestrial. Taxonomy ''Gastrophryne carolinensis'' belongs to one of the largest anuran families, the microhylids. No subspecies are currently recognized. The eastern narrowmouth toad is one of only three microhylids that currently live in the United States. Description The easter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phrynomantis
''Phrynomantis'' is a genus of frog in the family Microhylidae The Microhylidae, commonly known as narrow-mouthed frogs, are a geographically widespread family (biology), family of frogs. The 683 species are in 57 genera and 11 subfamilies. Evolution A molecular phylogenetic study by van der Meijden, et al. .... They are also known as rubber frogs, red-marked frogs, red-marked short-headed frogs, and snake-necked frogs. The genus is found in Subsaharan Africa. Species The genus has five species. References Microhylidae Amphibian genera Amphibians of Africa Taxa named by Wilhelm Peters Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Microhylidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Melanobatrachinae
''Melanobatrachus'' is a genus of narrow-mouthed frogs in the family Microhylidae. It is the only remaining genus in the monotypic subfamily Melanobatrachinae. It contains a single species, ''Melanobatrachus indicus'', also known as the Indian black microhylid frog and Malabar black narrow-mouthed frog. It is endemic to wet evergreen forests of southern Western Ghats in Kerala and Tamil Nadu states of India. It has been recorded from Anaimalai, Munnar, Palni hills, Periyar Tiger Reserve and Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve ''Melanobatrachus indicus'' is a rare species that was only rediscovered in 1997. It lives amongst leaf-litter, rocks and other ground cover of moist evergreen tropical forests. The subfamily Melanobatrachinae included two African genera, ''Hoplophryne'' Barbour & Loveridge, 1928 and '' Parhoplophryne'' Barbour & Loveridge, 1928, in the past but they are now placed in the subfamily Hoplophryninae. ''Melanobatrachus indicus'' is an Evolutionarily Di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frog
A frog is any member of a diverse and largely semiaquatic group of short-bodied, tailless amphibian vertebrates composing the order (biology), order Anura (coming from the Ancient Greek , literally 'without tail'). Frog species with rough skin texture due to wart-like parotoid glands tend to be called toads, but the distinction between frogs and toads is informal and purely cosmetic, not from taxonomy (biology), taxonomy or evolutionary history. Frogs are widely distributed, ranging from the tropics to subarctic regions, but the greatest concentration of species diversity is in tropical rainforest and associated wetlands. They account for around 88% of extant amphibian species, and are one of the five most diverse vertebrate orders. The oldest fossil "proto-frog" ''Triadobatrachus'' is known from the Early Triassic of Madagascar (250Myr, million years ago), but molecular clock, molecular clock dating suggests their divergent evolution, divergence from other amphibians may exte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dyscophinae
Tomato frogs are any of the three species of genus ''Dyscophus'' (family Microhylidae): ''D. antongilii'', ''D. insularis'', or ''D. guineti''. ''Dyscophus'' is the only genus in subfamily Dyscophinae. They are endemic to Madagascar. The common name comes from ''D. antongiliis bright red color. When threatened, a tomato frog puffs up its body. When a predator grabs a tomato frog in its mouth, the frog's skin secretes a thick substance that numbs up the predator's eyes and mouth, causing the predator to release the frog to free up its eyes. The gummy substance contains a toxin that occasionally causes allergic reactions in humans. The allergic reaction will not kill a human and the frog secretes it only when frightened. The lifespan of the tomato frog can be from 6 to 8 years. When adult, the colors may vary from yellowish orange to deep red. Tomato frogs will reach sexual maturity in 9–14 months. Females are larger than males and can reach 4 inches (10 cm) in length. Males can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaperininae
''Chaperina'' is a genus of frogs in the family Microhylidae. It is the only genus in the subfamily Chaperininae. It is also itself monotypic, being represented by the single species, ''Chaperina fusca'', commonly known as the brown thorny frog, spiny-heeled froglet, and saffron-bellied frog. It is found on the Malay Peninsula, in Borneo and in the Philippines (Palawan, Mindanao, and Jolo islands). It is abundant in Borneo but uncommon on the Malay Peninsula and patchily distributed in the Philippines. Description ''Chaperina fusca'' are small frogs: males measure in snout–vent length and females . They are black above with minute white, light blue, or greenish spots. The skin is smooth with scattered tubercles; they have a sharp dermal projection on elbows and heel. These frogs are active after rainfall on forest floor and low vegetation; they are good climbers. Habitat and conservation Its natural habitat In ecology, habitat refers to the array of resources, bioti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scaphiophryninae
The Scaphiophryninae are a subfamily of microhylid frogs native to Madagascar. Description Scaphiophryninae are small to middle-sized frogs, measuring in snout–vent length. They are terrestrial. Species living in drier environments are burrowers that emerge at the start of the rainy season. However, at least '' Scaphiophryne gottlebei'' is also able to climb vertical rock faces. Breeding is explosive and takes place in temporary pools. Eggs float on the surface and hatch into free-living tadpole A tadpole or polliwog (also spelled pollywog) is the Larva, larval stage in the biological life cycle of an amphibian. Most tadpoles are fully Aquatic animal, aquatic, though some species of amphibians have tadpoles that are terrestrial animal, ...s. Genera Scaphiophryninae contains two genera. * '' Paradoxophyla'' Blommers-Schlösser & Blanc, 1991 — 2 species * '' Scaphiophryne'' Boulenger, 1882 — 9 species References Microhylidae Endemic fauna of Madagascar Taxa name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aphantophryne
''Aphantophryne'' is a genus of microhylid frogs found in New Guinea and in Mindanao, the Philippines. Originally described by Fry in 1917, Richard G. Zweifel considered in 1956 ''Aphantophryne'' synonymous to ''Cophixalus''. The genus was resurrected in 1989 to house two new species in addition to the type species, '' A. pansa''. A molecular study on the subfamily Asterophryinae in 2017 revealed that two species originally included in the genus ''Oreophryne'' were more closely related to ''Aphantophryne'' than to other ''Oreophryne'', and were consequently moved to this genus. The study also revealed a number of undescribed species. Description ''Aphantophryne'' are small frogs, the maximum snout-to-vent body length is 31 mm for ''A. pansa'' and 24 mm for '' A. sabini''. The smallest species '' A. minuta'' has the body length of only 12 mm. Females are larger than males. The distinguishing feature of ''Aphantophryne'' when compared to other genyophrynine genera ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
